Relationships and Energy within the Ecosystem Study Guide

Transcription

1 Name Date Class AM PM Relationships and Energy within the Ecosystem Study Guide Your test is on Outcome 1: Evaluate the relationships within an ecosystem to show similarities and differences. Fill in the following chart thinking about the different parts of an ecosystem: Abiotic Biotic Definition Non-living factors in the environment Living factors in an environment Examples Water Air (temperature) Soil Rocks Trees animals Organism A living creature One monkey Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere A group of the same species living together in the same area Different species living together in the same area The biotic and abiotic factors in a given area The part of earth where life exists A group of monkeys A group of monkeys, birds, snakes, worms, etc. living in the jungle Trees in the rainforest give shelter and food to the animals in the area. The rainfall and temperature play a role in the adaptations of the environment as well. Earth Populations of different species compete against each other for what resources? (Give at least 3 examples) Food, shelter, territory/space, sunlight, water Same species competes for mates as well

2 What are some examples of limiting factors? Food, Water, Shelter, Space What is carrying capacity? The largest population that a given environment can support over a long period of time If a species did not have enough of a limiting factor, what would happen to that species population? The population would decrease so that the resources that were running low would be able to be replenished (ie grow and come back in numbers) Fill in the following chart thinking about the different types of relationships in an ecosystem: Competition Predator/Prey Definition Two or more species or individuals trying to use the same limited resource The predator catches and eats the prey which is food Examples Two lions fighting over territory, food, mates, or water A lion is predator to the gazelle which is the prey Symbiosis A close, long-term association between two or more species The crab and the sea urchin using the other species to its advantage -Mutualism Both species benefit The oxpecker eats ticks off the zebra. The oxpecker is getting food and the zebra no longer has the insect pest sucking its blood. -Commensalism -Parasitism One species benefits and the other one is unaffected One species benefits and the other one is harmed A remora catches a ride on the shark and eats leftover food. The remora benefits from the ride and food. The shark does not care. A tick sucks blood from a dog. The tick benefits and the dog is harmed. Coevolution The long term changes that take place in two species because of their close interactions with one another. The ant and the acacia tree. The ant provides the tree with protection, so the tree changed to grow a food source for the ant to live off of.

3 Outcome 2: Analyze organisms and ecosystems to determine the transfer and flow of energy. WORD BANK: the sun herbivores omnivores break down dead material carnivores photosynthesis dead meat eating other organisms Producers get their energy from the sun. The process that producers use to create energy is photosynthesis. Consumers get their energy from eating other organisms. The types of consumers are herbivores which eat plants, omnivores which eat both plants and animals, and carnivores which eat meat. There are also scavengers that get their energy from dead meat and decomposers break down dead material to receive energy. List the process of photosynthesis using all of the important vocabulary. (4 steps) 1. Light is given off from the sun. Chlorophyll in the plants absorbs the light. 2. The energy from the light separates the H2 and O2 from water molecules. 3. The separated H2 comes together with CO2 to make sugar or food. The CO2 comes from the air. 4. The sugar travels around the plants as food while the plants releases the O2 into the air. Show the equation for cellular respiration using the following words: Cellular Respiration oxygen ATP Glucose Carbon dioxide water Glucose + Oxygen= Carbon dioxide + water + ATP = CELLULAR RESPIRATION

4 Answer the following questions using the example of the Food Chain: Which of these animals is an herbivore? grasshopper Which of these animals gets energy from the frog? snake The grasshopper gives energy to frog. Answer the following questions using the example of the Food Web: Who does the wild cat get energy from? rabbit, mouse The mouse gives energy to which animals? rabbit, wild cat, owl, snake Which animals get energy from producers? Mouse, rabbit, goat List one: Herbivore Mouse, rabbit, goat Omnivore Rabbit Carnivore snake, owl, wild cat, jackal, lion, kite

5 Energy Pyramid: Why are producers at the bottom of the energy pyramid? Reason 1: They store the most amount of energy in their tissues Reason 2: There are more producers than there are the organisms that eat them Why are scavengers at the top of the energy pyramid? Reason 1: They store the least amount of energy in their tissues Reason 2: There are fewer scavengers than the other organisms that they eat What is the second level of the energy pyramid: Herbivores or Carnivores? Who has more energy stored in their tissues: Herbivores or Carnivores? What would happen if we removed all from the ecosystem? Producers? The herbivores would not have any food source therefore they would decrease in population Carnivores? Initially there would be an abundance (a lot of) non-meat eating animals (herbivores and omnivores) because they are not prey to another animal. If the population of herbivores and omnivores increase, then eventually there would not be enough producers to feed them and their numbers will decrease again over a long period of time. Herbivores? Carnivores would start eating other carnivores. Since there would not be any animals that are reducing the size of the plant populations, the trees and bushes would all become overgrown and take up more space. This in turn could cause problems for the other living animals to find space and territory to live in. Decomposers? Our World would become a mess! There are many organisms that die that bacteria will continue to break down even after scavengers have finished with their meal. Decomposers are the recyclers of our environment to help everything go in a circle of life. They are what put water and nutrients back into the ground, so even the living plants will suffer because they won t have the necessities to reproduce.