Interactions of Living Things

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1 Interactions of Living Things Everything is Connected SB4. Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems.

2 What is ecology? the study of interactions of organisms with one another and with their environments Eco-friendly homes, clothes, paints, etc. SB4. Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems.

3 All living things are connected web of life Ecologists are scientists who study ecology. S7L4 Students will examine the dependence of organisms on one another and their environments.

4 Environment all the things that affect an organism Two parts of an environment: biotic factors: living parts animals, plants, bacteria abiotic factors: nonliving parts water, temperature, soil SB4. Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems.

5 Environment What are the biotic and abiotic factors in this environment? SB4. Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems.

6 Organization in the Environment SB4. Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems.

7 Organization in the Environment Old People Can t Eat Baked Beans SB4. Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems.

8 Organization in the Environment ORGANISM: any individual living thing POPULATION: group of organisms of the same species living in the same area COMMUNITY: different populations that live and interact in the same area ECOSYSTEM: a community of organisms and their abiotic environment BIOME: a large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of communities BIOSPHERE: the part of Earth where life exists see textbook p. 37

9 Ecosystem Interactions HABITAT: an area where an organism lives (ex: tree, pond, meadow) NICHE: an organism s unique position in its environment (usually evolved)

10 Community Interactions COMPETITION: more than one organism uses a resource at the same time PREDATION: one organism (predator) consumes another organism (prey) SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS: close relationship when two or more species live together

11 SYMBIOSIS SB4a Investigate the relationships among organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biomes.

12 What is symbiosis? Literal definition: the act of living together What it means: Two organisms that live together Temporarily or for a longer time At least one of the organisms benefits from the relationship

13 What are the different kinds of symbiosis? Mutualism both organisms benefit Commensalism one organism benefits one organism is unaffected Parasitism one organism benefits one organism is harmed

14 The remora uses the shark as transport and protection and also feeds on materials dropped by the shark. The shark does not notice the remora. Example 1: Shark and Remora Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected

15 Example 2: Bee and Flower The flower is a food source for the bee; the bee spreads the flower's pollen. Mutualism: both benefit

16 Example 3: Whale and Barnacle Whale barnacles attach themselves to the bodies of baleen whales during the barnacles' freeswimming larval stage. The whale is not helped or harmed by the barnacle. Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected

17 Example 4: Taenia worm in human eye Worm infects human blood stream Human may go blind Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed

18 Example 5: Cattle with cattle egrets Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass Egrets hang around and Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected eat insects

19 Example 6: Clown fish with anemone Clown fish gets protection Anemone is kept clean Mutualism: both benefit

20 Example 7: Crocodile and Plover Bird The plover picks meat from the crocodile's mouth. This cleans the crocodile's teeth and prevents infection while providing a meal for the hungry bird. Mutualism: both benefit

21 Fungus + Algae The fungus needs food but cannot make it. The algae makes food but needs some way to keep moist. The fungus forms a crust around the algae which holds in moisture. Example 8: Lichens Mutualism: both benefit

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