Relationships in Ecosystems. Chapter 1 Lesson 2 page 38 WB pages 6-7

Transcription

1 Relationships in Ecosystems Chapter 1 Lesson 2 page 38 WB pages 6-7

2 Chapter 1 Lesson 2 Vocabulary 1. population- all the members of one species in an area 2. community- all the living things in an ecosystem 3. food chain- the path that energy and nutrients follow in an ecosystem

3 Chapter 1 Lesson 2 Vocabulary 4. food web- the overlapping food chains in an ecosystem 5. symbiosis- a relationship between two kinds of organisms over time 6. ecosystem- all the living and nonliving things in an environment, including their interactions with each other

4 Chapter 1 Lesson 2 Vocabulary 7. predator- an animal that hunts other animals 8. prey- a living thing that is hunted for food 9. mutualism- a relationship between two kinds of organisms that benefits both

5 Chapter 1 Lesson 2 Vocabulary 10. commensalism- a relationship between two kinds of organisms that benefits one without harming the other 11.parasitism- a relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism and benefits from that relationship while the host organism is harmed by it

6 Complete the Explore on pg39 How do organisms in a food chain interact? Use the food chain website below to help Food Chain Alternative Explore- Desert Food Chains

7 Complete the Foldable on pg 49 and the Main Idea Chart Ecosystems Feeding Relationships Symbiotic Relationships

8 What is in an ecosystem? What is an ecosystem? An ecosystem includes all living and nonliving things in an environment. Living things in an ecosystem are called biotic factors and nonliving things in an environment are called abiotic factors.

9 What is in an ecosystem? Think about taking a hike through this beautiful forest area. What biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) factors would you see along your travels?

10 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Biotic- spruce trees, wildflowers, grass, chipmunks, birds, etc. Abiotic- air, rocks, water, gurgle of the water flowing down the stream, soil, sunlight

11 What is in an ecosystem? Biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem interact and supply the needs of living things. Plants need abiotic factors to survive, including soil, sunlight, air, and water. Plants, in turn, provide food for most of the animals in an ecosystem.

12 What is in an ecosystem? Within an ecosystem organisms can be sorted into different populations. A population includes all members of a single species in an area at a given time. You can think of all of the different types of butterflies in the forest like monarchs, painted ladies, and buckeye butterflies. Each type forms a separate population.

13 What is in an ecosystem? Together the many different populations make up a community. A community includes all the living things in an ecosystem. Populations make up communities and communities make up ecosystems. Populations can be as widespread as an entire forest or as small as a fallen log in the middle of the forest.

14 How are food chains alike? What are food chains? Food chains model the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem.

15 The energy in a food chain starts with the Sun. producer Energy flows in one direction in food chains. Producers are at the base of every food chain. primary consumer How are food chains alike? secondary consumer decompose r

16 How are food chains alike? Producers are organisms that use the Sun s energy to produce their own food in the form of sugar. What are some examples of producers? plants and algae A consumer is an animal that eats plants or other animals.

17 How are food chains alike? Herbivores are animals that eat plants or producers directly. Examples: squirrels, some birds, some insects, and grazing animals Carnivores are animals that eat other animals rather than producers. Examples: bobcats and hawks Omnivores are animals that eat both plants and other animals, like raccoons, mice, and some crabs.

18 How are food chains alike? There are also decomposers. Decomposers break down dead or decaying plant and animal material. Examples: fungi, bacteria, termites, and many worm species Scavengers are also included in some food chains. Scavengers are consumers that eat leftover bodies after they started to rot. Examples: vultures, raccoons, and some crabs.

19 Food Chains

20 Food Chain Review What general direction do food chains follow? producer, herbivore, carnivore, and decomposer What is the fewest number of links that a food chain could have? The greatest number? The fewest amount is two, the producer and the consumer. And the greatest number is unlimited. There could be dozens of consumers and decomposers and in the chain.

21 What are food webs made of? Predator- an animal that hunts other animals for food Food webs are networks of food chains that have some links in common. Top carnivores are the highest level predators in a food web. Decomposer Prey- organisms that are eaten by other organisms What are some examples of food chains that you seen in this one food web? Examples of Food Webs Food Chains and Food Webs

22 What are symbiotic relationships? Interdependence is the reliance of organisms on other organisms for their survival. Symbiosis is a relationship between two or more kinds of organisms that lasts over time. Two kinds of symbiotic relationships are mutualism and commensalism.

23 Symbiotic Relationships Symbiotic Relationships Video (5:16) Symbiotic Relationships Video 2 (10:10)

24 Symbiotic Relationships One type of symbiotic relationship is mutualism. Mutualism is a relationship that benefits both organisms. Think about you and a friend both agreeing on something. You can call that a mutual agreement. Can you think of any organisms that have a relationship that is mutualism? turn to pg 46- flowering plants and a pollinator (insect or bird), ants and the acacia tree

25 Symbiotic Relationships Another symbiotic relationship is commensalism. Commensalism is a relationship that benefits one organism without harming the other organism. Can you think of any organisms that have a commensalism relationships? turn to pg 47- the remoras attach themselves to the bodies of the rays and sharks, the remoras get food scraps, transportation, and protections without helping or harming the rays or sharks; barnacles grow on the back of whales, this gives them a home and does not help or harm the whale; clown fish and anemone (Finding Nemo)

26 What are parasites? tick Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed. Parasites live on host organisms and survive by using the host organism s body for nutrients. tapeworm lamprey

27 Review /student/na/grade5/g5_ch3.html Food Chain Quiz EEKO World Endangered Ecosystems Food Webs I Know That- Food Chains Food Chains/Webs Symbiotic Relationships Food Web

28 Review Questions 1. Which is a relationship between two organisms that benefits both organisms? a. parasitism b. commensalism c. mutualism d. predation

29 Review Questions 2. What kind of organism breaks down dead plants and animals? a. producer b. carnivore c. consumer d. decomposer

30 Review Questions 3. What does a snake, a hawk, and a fox have in common? a. They are all producers. b. They are all consumers. c. They are all decomposers. d. They are all herbivores.

31 Review Questions 4. Which of the following is a herbivore? a. cow b. leopard c. mountain lion d. tiger

32 Review Questions 5. Which of the following organisms is an omnivore? a. an oak tree b. an eagle c. a human being d. a mushroom

33 Review Questions 6. Clownfish live inside the poisonous arms od a sea anemone. The poison does not harm the clownfish, and the clownfish is protected by the sea anemone. The clownfish also scares away enemies of the sea anemone. What kind of relationship is this? a. mutualism b. commensalism c. parasitism d. none of these

34 Review Questions 7. Your cat has fleas. The fleas feed on your cat s blood. This hurts your cat s skin and makes the cat itch. What kind of relationship is this? a. commensalism b. parasitism c. mutualism d. hostism