7 th Grade PSI. Slide 1 / 116. Slide 2 / 116. Slide 3 / 116. Structure and Function & Information Processing. Table of Contents

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Slide 1 / 116 Slide 2 / 116 7 th Grade PSI Structure

to go to that section Cells: the Fundamental Units of

1 Slide 1 / 116 Slide 2 / th Grade PSI Structure and Function & Information Processing Table of Contents Slide 3 / 116 Click on the topic to go to that section Cells: the Fundamental Units of Life Cell Structure and Function Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems Information Processing in Living Systems

Slide 4 / 116 Cells: The Fundamental Units of Life Return to

Organisms come in different sizes, shapes, colors, but all

Can you think of characteristics which ALL living things have

Characteristics of Living Things Slide 6 / 116 These pictures

Use the clues to come up with a list of 4 common

2 Slide 4 / 116 Cells: The Fundamental Units of Life Return to Table of Contents Characteristics of Living Things Slide 5 / 116 There are more than 8.7 million different types of living things on Earth. Organisms come in different sizes, shapes, colors, but all living things have some key characteristics in common. Can you think of characteristics which ALL living things have in common? Make a list with your table. Characteristics of Living Things Slide 6 / 116 These pictures give hints about what some of those traits are. Use the clues to come up with a list of 4 common characteristics. Move the pictures to see answers. Grow Respond to the environment. Plant grows toward light. Reproduce Use energy for growth and maintenance.

3 Organisms Slide 7 / 116 An organism is an individual living thing that can function on its own. Levels of Organization Organisms have different levels of organization for structure and function. Humans are an example of a complex organism that has many different levels of organization. Slide 8 / 116 Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism Cells A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all organisms. They are the building blocks of life. All organisms are made up of cells! Cells are microscopic, they cannot be seen with the naked eye. Slide 9 / 116 Click here to watch an animation about cell size.

Cells Slide 10 / 116 A unicellular organism is made up of one cell. Multicellular organisms are made up of multiple cells.

Unicellular Organisms Slide 11 / 116 Unicellular organisms are relatively simple and small.

Examples of unicellular organisms include: bacteria, some types of fungi, and protists.

Bad bacteria, sometimes called germs, can make us sick, but most bacteria on our body is helpful.

4 Cells Slide 10 / 116 A unicellular organism is made up of one cell. Multicellular organisms are made up of multiple cells. Some types of plankton are only made up of one cell. Starfish are made up of many cells. Unicellular Organisms Slide 11 / 116 Unicellular organisms are relatively simple and small. They are the oldest forms of life on Earth, and they are everywhere! Examples of unicellular organisms include: bacteria, some types of fungi, and protists. Bacteria on our bodies outnumber our human cells 10:1. Bad bacteria, sometimes called germs, can make us sick, but most bacteria on our body is helpful. Electron microscope picture of bacteria in the human gut. Multicellular Organisms Slide 12 / 116 Multicellular organisms are larger and more complex. In a multicellular organisms each cell has a specific job or function. Humans are made up of 200 different types of cells and over a trillion cells total!

Cell Theory Slide 13 / 116 All living things are made up of one or

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living

Nonliving Slide 14 / 116 Look at the following pictures and classify

5 Cell Theory Slide 13 / 116 All living things are made up of one or more cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things. Cells arise only from other cells. Living vs. Nonliving Slide 14 / 116 Look at the following pictures and classify each item as a living thing or a nonliving thing. Use cell theory to justify your answer. 1 Which sentence below is true about cells? Slide 15 / 116 A Plant and animal cells are living. B Plant and animal cells are non-living. C Only plant cells are living. D Only animal cells are living.

6 1 Which sentence below is true about cells? Slide 15 () / 116 A Plant and animal cells are living. B Plant and animal cells are non-living. A C Only plant cells are living. D Only animal cells are living. 2 Which statement is true about cell theory? Slide 16 / 116 A Cell theory states that all cells are non-living. B Cell theory states that cells can come from non-living things. C Cell theory states that all cells arise from other cells. D Cell theory says animal cells are the only type of living cells. 2 Which statement is true about cell theory? Slide 16 () / 116 A Cell theory states that all cells are non-living. B Cell theory states that cells can come from non-living things. C C Cell theory states that all cells arise from other cells. D Cell theory says animal cells are the only type of living cells.

7 3 How are cells like building blocks? Slide 17 / 116 A Cells are tough and cannot be broken. B Cells build on one another to form a structure. C All cells are weak and break apart. D Cells need to be stuck together in order for them to be strong. 3 How are cells like building blocks? Slide 17 () / 116 A Cells are tough and cannot be broken. B Cells build on one another to form a structure. C All cells are weak and break apart. D Cells need to be stuck together in order for them to be strong. B 4 Which example below represents something that is living? Slide 18 / 116 A a leaf B an oven C a volcano D a bike

4 Which example below represents something that is living?

Cells can be classified as prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

(red structure) Scanning Electron Microscope image of bacteria.

8 4 Which example below represents something that is living? Slide 18 () / 116 A a leaf B an oven C a volcano D a bike A Cell Classification Cells can be classified as prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a membrane; prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. Slide 19 / 116 Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cell Nucleus surrounded by a membrane (red structure) Scanning Electron Microscope image of bacteria. Transmission Electron Micrograph image of an animal cell. What is a membrane? Slide 20 / 116 A membrane is a thin, flexible substance that encloses something and acts as a barrier. Membranes are similar to bubbles.

9 Prokaryotes Slide 21 / 116 Prokaryotes are organisms made up of prokaryotic cells. Most prokaryotes are also unicelluar. Bacteria are prokaryotes. Prokaryotic cells are usually much smaller than eukaryotic cells and only have a few internal structures. Model of a prokaryotic cell Eukaryotes Slide 22 / 116 Eukaryotes are organisms made up of eukaryotic cells. All multicellular organisms and some unicellular organisms are eukaryotes. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells and more complex. They contain a membrane-bound nucleus and many internal structures called organelles. Model of a eukaryotic cell Slide 23 / 116 Nucleus Other types of organelles

10 5 Choose all the terms which describe this organism. Slide 24 / 116 A Eukaryotic B Prokaryotic C Unicellular D Multicellular 5 Choose all the terms which describe this organism. Slide 24 () / 116 A Eukaryotic B Prokaryotic C Unicellular D Multicellular A, D 6 Choose all the terms which describe this organism. Slide 25 / 116 A Eukaryotic B Prokaryotic C Unicellular D Multicellular

11 6 Choose all the terms which describe this organism. Slide 25 () / 116 A Eukaryotic B Prokaryotic C Unicellular D Multicellular B, C 7 Choose all the terms which describe this organism. Slide 26 / 116 A Eukaryotic B Prokaryotic C Unicellular D Multicellular 7 Choose all the terms which describe this organism. Slide 26 () / 116 A Eukaryotic B Prokaryotic C Unicellular D Multicellular B, C

12 8 Choose all the terms which describe this organism. Slide 27 / 116 A Eukaryotic B Prokaryotic C Unicellular D Multicellular 8 Choose all the terms which describe this organism. Slide 27 () / 116 A Eukaryotic B Prokaryotic C Unicellular D Multicellular A, D 9 A sunflower would be an example of a/an: Slide 28 / 116 A unicellular organism B multicellular organism C prokaryote D eukaryote E both B and D F both A and C

13 9 A sunflower would be an example of a/an: Slide 28 () / 116 A unicellular organism B multicellular organism C prokaryote E D eukaryote E both B and D F both A and C 10 How many cells make up a unicellular organism? Slide 29 / 116 A zero B more than one C many D one 10 How many cells make up a unicellular organism? Slide 29 () / 116 A zero B more than one C many D one D

14 11 What is the key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Slide 30 / 116 A Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus B Prokaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus C Prokarytotic cells contain membranes D Eukarytotic are the only cells that grow 11 What is the key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Slide 30 () / 116 A Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus B Prokaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus A C Prokarytotic cells contain membranes D Eukarytotic are the only cells that grow 12 Water that appears clear can actually have many microscopic organisms in it. The image below shows an organism found in pond water under a microscope. How would you classify the organism? Slide 31 / 116 A Unicellular, eukaryote B Unicellular, prokaryote C Multicellular, eukaryote D Multicellular, prokaryote Click here to view a protist under a microscope.

15 12 Water that appears clear can actually have many microscopic organisms in it. The image below shows an organism found in pond water under a microscope. How would you classify the organism? Slide 31 () / 116 A Unicellular, eukaryote A B Unicellular, prokaryote This one is tricky. C and D are definitely not right because it's C Multicellular, eukaryote a unicellular organism. This is a paramecium, a protist that D Multicellular, prokaryotehas a nucleus. Click here to view a protist under a microscope. Slide 32 / 116 Lab 1 Investigating Cells Part 1 & 2 Slide 33 / 116 Cell Structure and Function Return to Table of Contents

Cell Structure and Function Like all living things, cells require energy, grow, reproduce, and respond and

Even though they are the fundamental unit of life, cells are composed of many smaller parts that work

Slide 34 / 116 Molecules Organelles Cells Atoms Organelles Slide 35 / 116 Organelles are specialized cell

Click here to see how cells compare in size to organelles and molecules.

16 Cell Structure and Function Like all living things, cells require energy, grow, reproduce, and respond and adapt to their environment. Even though they are the fundamental unit of life, cells are composed of many smaller parts that work together to make them function. Slide 34 / 116 Molecules Organelles Cells Atoms Organelles Slide 35 / 116 Organelles are specialized cell structures that carry out specific cell functions. Organelles are built out of molecules. Click here to see how cells compare in size to organelles and molecules. 13 Which of the following ranks cells, molecules, organelles, and atoms in order of size and complexity from smallest/ least to largest/greatest? Slide 36 / 116 A organelles, molecules, cells, atoms B cells, atoms, molecules, organelles C organelles, cells, atoms, molecules D atoms, molecules, organelles, cells

17 13 Which of the following ranks cells, molecules, organelles, and atoms in order of size and complexity from smallest/ least to largest/greatest? Slide 36 () / 116 A organelles, molecules, cells, atoms B cells, atoms, molecules, organelles D C organelles, cells, atoms, molecules D atoms, molecules, organelles, cells Common Cell Features Slide 37 / 116 Most cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic - have a few parts in common: Plasma membrane : thin membrane that encloses cells and regulates what materials can enter and exit the cell. Cytoplasm or Cytosol : gel-like solution that fills up the cell; all of the organelles are contained within the cytoplasm. Ribosomes : assemble cellular machines called proteins DNA: a molecule that directs cell activities and gives organisms their specific traits Common Cell Features Slide 38 / 116 Plasma Membrane DNA Ribosomes Cytoplasm

Animal Cell Structures Slide 39 / 116 Animal Cell Structure: Cell Membrane Slide 40 / 116

Cell Membrane Cell Membranes A cell membrane is a thin, flexible structure that holds

Slide 41 / 116 Cell membrane model Cell membranes are made up of smaller molecules that

18 Animal Cell Structures Slide 39 / 116 Animal Cell Structure: Cell Membrane Slide 40 / 116 Cell membrane encloses cell and regulates what enters and exits the cell. Cell Membrane Cell Membranes A cell membrane is a thin, flexible structure that holds liquids and other contents in place. You can picture it being like a thin plastic bag. Slide 41 / 116 Cell membrane model Cell membranes are made up of smaller molecules that stick together. They keep the cell contents from leaking out, and control what substances can enter and exit the cell.

Animal Cell Structure: Nucleus The nucleus controls the cell because it contains the cell's DNA, the chemical instructions for

19 Animal Cell Structure: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm is a jelly-like solution filling the inside of a cell that holds organelles in place. Slide 42 / 116 Cytoplasm is clear substance Click here to see a video of cytoplasmic streaming. Animal Cell Structure: Nucleus The nucleus controls the cell because it contains the cell's DNA, the chemical instructions for life. Slide 43 / 116 Animal Cell Structures: Ribosomes The ribosomes assemble proteins, which are the molecular machines of the cell. Slide 44 / 116 Protein Molecule

20 14 Which of the following statements is correct? Slide 45 / 116 A The nucleus surrounds the cell. B The cytoplasm surrounds the outside the cell. C The nuclear envelope monitors what goes in and out of the cell. D The nucleus controls all functions of a cell. 14 Which of the following statements is correct? Slide 45 () / 116 A The nucleus surrounds the cell. B The cytoplasm surrounds the outside the cell. D C The nuclear envelope monitors what goes in and out of the cell. D The nucleus controls all functions of a cell. 15 What structure is like the gate-keeper of the cell, allowing certain substances to enter and exit? Slide 46 / 116 A cell membrane B the nuclear envelope C microfilaments D DNA

21 15 What structure is like the gate-keeper of the cell, allowing certain substances to enter and exit? Slide 46 () / 116 A cell membrane B the nuclear envelope C microfilaments A D DNA 16 What is the primary function of a ribosome? Slide 47 / 116 A to clean the cell B to make RNA C to make protein D to make DNA 16 What is the primary function of a ribosome? Slide 47 () / 116 A to clean the cell B to make RNA C to make protein D to make DNA C

Animal Cell Structure: Golgi Apparatus Slide 48 / 116 The

Animal Cell Structure: Endoplasmic Reticulum The ER is the

Slide 49 / 116 Animal Cell Structures: Lysosomes Slide 50 /

22 Animal Cell Structure: Golgi Apparatus Slide 48 / 116 The Golgi Apparatus packages and ships proteins out of the cell. Animal Cell Structure: Endoplasmic Reticulum The ER is the transport network for proteins and other materials. Slide 49 / 116 Animal Cell Structures: Lysosomes Slide 50 / 116 Lysosomes are filled with enzymes that breakdown and recycle materials

Slide 52 / 116 A lysosome B vacuole C nucleus D endoplasmic reticulum 17 The cell structure that contains

23 Animal Cell Structures: Mitochondria Mitochondria are the sites of chemical reactions that power the cell. Slide 51 / The cell structure that contains enzymes and breaks apart waste molecules is called the. Slide 52 / 116 A lysosome B vacuole C nucleus D endoplasmic reticulum 17 The cell structure that contains enzymes and breaks apart waste molecules is called the. Slide 52 () / 116 A lysosome B vacuole C nucleus A D endoplasmic reticulum

24 18 What cell structure packages and ships proteins? Slide 53 / 116 A Lysosomes B Golgi apparatus C Mitochondria D ER 18 What cell structure packages and ships proteins? Slide 53 () / 116 A Lysosomes B Golgi apparatus C Mitochondria B D ER 19 What organelle is like the powerhouse of the cell? Slide 54 / 116 A Lysosomes B Golgi apparatus C Mitochondria D ER

25 19 What organelle is like the powerhouse of the cell? Slide 54 () / 116 A Lysosomes B Golgi apparatus C Mitochondria C D ER Plant Cell Structures Slide 55 / 116 Plant and animal cells have many common features, and a few key differences. Animal cells have structures plant cells don't have including centrioles, microfilaments, and microtubules. Unique Plant Cell Structures Plant Cell Structures: Large Vacuoles Slide 56 / 116 Vacuoles store water to help maintain water pressure inside cell. *Small vacuoles are also found in animal cells and protists.

Plant Cell Structures: Chloroplasts Slide 58 / 116 Chloroplasts obtain energy directly from sunlight and use it to make energy molecules/food.

26 Plant Cell Structures: Cell Wall Slide 57 / 116 The cell wall protects and supports the cell; only allows water and small molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide through. Plant Cell Structures: Chloroplasts Slide 58 / 116 Chloroplasts obtain energy directly from sunlight and use it to make energy molecules/food. 20 What is one key difference between a plant and animal cell? Slide 59 / 116 A Plant cells have a cell wall as animal cells do not. B Plant and animal cells both have ribosomes. C Animal cells have ribosomes and plant cells do not. D Plant cells do not have a nucleus.

27 20 What is one key difference between a plant and animal cell? Slide 59 () / 116 A Plant cells have a cell wall as animal cells do not. B Plant and animal cells both have ribosomes. A C Animal cells have ribosomes and plant cells do not. D Plant cells do not have a nucleus. 21 What type of cell has choroplasts? Slide 60 / 116 A small B non-living C plant D animal 21 What type of cell has choroplasts? Slide 60 () / 116 A small B non-living C plant C D animal

28 22 What types of cells have a nucleus? Slide 61 / 116 A only non-living cells B both plant and animal cells C only the smallest cells D human cells 22 What types of cells have a nucleus? Slide 61 () / 116 A only non-living cells B both plant and animal cells C only the smallest cells B D human cells 23 What is the function of a chloroplast? Slide 62 / 116 A produce energy for cells B control the functions of a cell C assemble proteins D capture energy from the sun to make food

29 23 What is the function of a chloroplast? Slide 62 () / 116 A produce energy for cells B control the functions of a cell C assemble proteins D D capture energy from the sun to make food 24 Which type of cell barrier do all cells have? Slide 63 / 116 A cell wall B cell membrane C nuclear membrane D nuclear pore 24 Which type of cell barrier do all cells have? Slide 63 () / 116 A cell wall B cell membrane C nuclear membrane D nuclear pore B

30 Slide 64 / 116 Lab 1 Investigating Cells Parts 3-5 Project: Build your Cell Field or City! INQUIRE: How does a cell compare to a baseball stadium or city? Slide 65 / 116 Slide 66 / 116 Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems Return to Table of Contents

Multicellular Organisms Cells in multicellular organisms are specialized,

Slide 67 / 116 Brain cells (neurons) Fat cells Blood cells Skin cells Cell

other to help make multicellular organisms function.

chemical messengers out to tell your other cells your skin needs repairing.

31 Multicellular Organisms Cells in multicellular organisms are specialized, having different shapes, sizes and functions. Slide 67 / 116 Brain cells (neurons) Fat cells Blood cells Skin cells Cell Communication Slide 68 / 116 Cells have special ways of communicating with each other to help make multicellular organisms function. For example, when you get a cut in your skin, your cells react by sending chemical messengers out to tell your other cells your skin needs repairing. Cell Communication Slide 69 / 116 Immune cells are some of the coolest cells in our bodies. They respond to injuries to help repair or get rid of bad bacteria.

32 Cell Communication Slide 70 / 116 When you get a cut, why does an adult always make you wash it first thing? Blood vessel filled with blood cells Bad bacterial cells can get through the tear in skin and get in your body. Fortunately, your immune cells are on this. When they get a signal that there's been an accident, they quickly arrive on the scene to help clean up bacteria. 25 What is one way cells communicate with each other? Slide 71 / 116 A send s B cells cannot communicate C send chemical signals D send radio signals 25 What is one way cells communicate with each other? Slide 71 () / 116 A send s B cells cannot communicate C send chemical signals C D send radio signals

Tissues Slide 72 / 116 Tissues are groups of cells that have a

4 types of human tissue Plant tissue Connective Tissue Slide 73 /

33 Tissues Slide 72 / 116 Tissues are groups of cells that have a similar shape and function. 4 types of human tissue Plant tissue Connective Tissue Slide 73 / 116 Connective tissue serves a "connecting" function. It supports and binds other tissues. Connective tissue serves many other purposes in the body, including storing fats and forming blood cells. Nervous Tissue Slide 74 / 116 Nervous tissue is the main component of the nervous system the brain, spinal cord, and branching peripheral nerves which regulates and controls bodily functions.

Epithelial Tissue Slide 75 / 116 Epithelial tissue covers external surfaces and

Epithelial tissue helps to protect organisms from microorganisms, injury, and

esophageal epithelial cells squamous epithelial cells parotid epithelial cells

34 Epithelial Tissue Slide 75 / 116 Epithelial tissue covers external surfaces and internal cavities and organs. Glands are also composed of epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue helps to protect organisms from microorganisms, injury, and fluid loss. esophageal epithelial cells squamous epithelial cells parotid epithelial cells Muscle Tissue Slide 76 / 116 Muscle tissue is used for locomotion, food movement in the gut, and heat production. Types of Muscle Tissue: 26 What is the primary function of connective tissue? Slide 77 / 116 A to support external structures B to support muscles C to connect neurons in the brain D to support and bind other tissue

35 26 What is the primary function of connective tissue? Slide 77 () / 116 A to support external structures B to support muscles C to connect neurons in the brain D D to support and bind other tissue 27 Which tissue type has 3 basic forms that give rise to smooth, skeletal, and cardiac? Slide 78 / 116 A connective B epithelial C muscle D nervous 27 Which tissue type has 3 basic forms that give rise to smooth, skeletal, and cardiac? Slide 78 () / 116 A connective B epithelial C muscle D nervous C

28 Which tissue covers external surfaces?

structure that contains at least two different types of tissue

36 28 Which tissue covers external surfaces? Slide 79 / 116 A nervous B connective C epithelial D muscle 28 Which tissue covers external surfaces? Slide 79 () / 116 A nervous B connective C epithelial D muscle C Build an Organ Activity Slide 80 / 116 An organ is a structure that contains at least two different types of tissue functioning together for a common purpose. Skin Heart Ear

Digestive System Slide 83 / 116 The digestive system breaks down food into

37 Slide 81 / 116 Lab 2 Dissecting a Chicken Wing Organ Systems Slide 82 / 116 A group of organs come together to function as a system. Digestive System Slide 83 / 116 The digestive system breaks down food into usable nutrients and expels the wastes. Click here for a short video on the digestive system.

Circulatory System Slide 84 / 116 The circulatory system carries oxygen and nutrients to every cell in the body. It includes the heart, the veins, the arteries, capillaries and blood.

The skeletal system also produces all the red blood cells for the body, and protects all the major organs. Click here for a short video on the skeletal system.

38 Circulatory System Slide 84 / 116 The circulatory system carries oxygen and nutrients to every cell in the body. It includes the heart, the veins, the arteries, capillaries and blood. Click here for a short video on the circulatory system. Skeletal System Slide 85 / 116 The skeletal system is in charge of providing support for the body. Its joints allow for movement. The skeletal system also produces all the red blood cells for the body, and protects all the major organs. Click here for a short video on the skeletal system. Muscular System Slide 86 / 116 The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. It handles the movement of the body, maintains posture, and circulates blood throughout the body. Click here for a short video on the muscular system.

Respiratory System Slide 87 / 116 The respiratory system brings in oxygen to be carried by the red blood cells. It also gets rid of all waste gases from the body.

39 Respiratory System Slide 87 / 116 The respiratory system brings in oxygen to be carried by the red blood cells. It also gets rid of all waste gases from the body. Click here for a short video on the respiratory system. 29 Which organ system breaks down food? Slide 88 / 116 A digestive B skeletal C respiratory D muscular 29 Which organ system breaks down food? Slide 88 () / 116 A digestive B skeletal C respiratory D muscular A

40 30 Without this system, your body would have no shape: Slide 89 / 116 A muscular B respiratory C digestive D skeletal 30 Without this system, your body would have no shape: Slide 89 () / 116 A muscular B respiratory C digestive D D skeletal 31 This system brings in oxygen carried by red blood cells: Slide 90 / 116 A skeletal B respiratory C muscular D digestive

Cells combine to create Tissues that form Organs that work together in Organ

41 31 This system brings in oxygen carried by red blood cells: Slide 90 () / 116 A skeletal B respiratory C muscular D digestive B Structure of Life Slide 91 / 116 Cells combine to create Tissues that form Organs that work together in Organ systems that make up Organisms Slide 92 / 116 Organ Systems Activity Parts I and II

Slide 93 / 116 Information Processing in Living Systems Return to Table of Contents Information Processing Slide 94 / 116 Organisms have multiple levels of structure and organization.

42 Slide 93 / 116 Information Processing in Living Systems Return to Table of Contents Information Processing Slide 94 / 116 Organisms have multiple levels of structure and organization. In multicellular organisms, the body is a system of multiple interacting subsystems. How do all of these systems communicate with one another to function as a whole and respond to their environment? In animals, sensory receptors respond to stimuli by sending messages to the brain for immediate behavior or storage as memories. Information Processing Slide 95 / 116 In humans a network of cells called neurons transmit information in the form of electrical signals. Neurons are the cells that make up the nervous system. The brain has billions of neurons that connect with thousands of other cells.

Information Processing Slide 96 / 116 The nervous system has two major components: Central Nervous System (CNS) is

System connects the CNS to limbs and organs. Click here for a short video on the nervous system.

multicellular organisms: mechanical, chemical, and electromagnetic.

43 Information Processing Slide 96 / 116 The nervous system has two major components: Central Nervous System (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord and serves as the main processing center for information Peripheral Nervous System connects the CNS to limbs and organs. Click here for a short video on the nervous system. Sensory Stimuli Slide 97 / 116 There are three main forms of sensory stimulation that activate sensory systems in multicellular organisms: mechanical, chemical, and electromagnetic. These 3 types of sensory stimulation happen in all of our bodies - sometimes at the same time! Mechanical Stimuli Slide 98 / 116 Examples of mechanical stimuli include: Vibrations Physical Pressure

Chemical Stimuli Slide 99 / 116 Examples of

electromagnetic stimuli include: Light Heat

44 Chemical Stimuli Slide 99 / 116 Examples of chemical stimuli include: Food chemicals Oderants & Pheromones Electromagnetic Stimuli Slide 100 / 116 Examples of electromagnetic stimuli include: Light Heat 32 In animals, which system is responsible for processing information from the environment: Slide 101 / 116 A skeletal B nervous C muscular D digestive

45 32 In animals, which system is responsible for processing information from the environment: Slide 101 () / 116 A skeletal B nervous C muscular B D digestive 33 Light sensitive neurons in the eye response to which type of sensory stimuli: Slide 102 / 116 A mechanical B electromagnetic C chemical D physical 33 Light sensitive neurons in the eye response to which type of sensory stimuli: Slide 102 () / 116 A mechanical B electromagnetic C chemical B D physical

46 34 Hair cells in the ear respond to which type of sensory stimuli: Slide 103 / 116 A mechanical B electromagnetic C chemical D physical 34 Hair cells in the ear respond to which type of sensory stimuli: Slide 103 () / 116 A mechanical B electromagnetic C chemical A D physical 35 Plants release pheromones that bees are attracted to so that bees will pollinate them. Pheromones are an example of which type of sensory stimuli? Slide 104 / 116 A mechanical B electromagnetic C chemical D physical

47 35 Plants release pheromones that bees are attracted to so that bees will pollinate them. Pheromones are an example of which type of sensory stimuli? Slide 104 () / 116 A mechanical B electromagnetic C chemical C D physical Sensory Modalities, Memory, and Behavior Human sensory modalities together gather sensory information about stimuli that results in immediate behavior reaction and short-term sensory memory storage. Slide 105 / 116 There are at least five main organs that sense information from the environment. Can you name these five organs? These organs contain different sensory receptors. Sensory Modalities, Memory, and Behavior Human sensory modalities together gather sensory information about stimuli that results in immediate behavior reaction and short-term sensory memory storage. Slide 105 () / 116 There are at least five main organs that sense information from the environment. Can you name these five organs? Eyes, ears, tongue, skin and nose [This object is a pull tab] These organs contain different sensory receptors.

Sensory Receptors Slide 106 / 116 A sensory receptor is a nerve cell or

Sensory Receptors Slide 107 / 116 Humans have many sensor receptors that

There are five main sensory receptors that allow humans to sense different

Pain receptors- detect and respond to internal or external pain

48 Sensory Receptors Slide 106 / 116 A sensory receptor is a nerve cell or bundle of nerve cells that interact with stimuli and send signals to the brain for processing. They are all found all over the body and protect us from harm. Sensory Receptors Slide 107 / 116 Humans have many sensor receptors that contribute to a multitude of senses. There are five main sensory receptors that allow humans to sense different things. Pain receptors- detect and respond to internal or external pain Temperature receptors- gives animals the ability to sense heat and cold Sensory Receptors Slide 108 / 116 Mechanoreceptors - are associated with the ability to sense touch, pressure, sound and balance. Chemoreceptors- associated with the sense of taste and smell.

Sensory Receptors Slide 109 / 116 Photoreceptors - are sensitive to light and allow animals to see In addition to these five main sensory receptors, there are many more that contribute to many more

Other sensory receptors include: Sensory Receptors Slide 110 / 116 Hunger Receptors-allows a person to sense when the body needs food Stretch Receptors- sense the dilation of blood vessels and are

49 Sensory Receptors Slide 109 / 116 Photoreceptors - are sensitive to light and allow animals to see In addition to these five main sensory receptors, there are many more that contribute to many more senses! Other sensory receptors include: Sensory Receptors Slide 110 / 116 Hunger Receptors-allows a person to sense when the body needs food Stretch Receptors- sense the dilation of blood vessels and are found in the lungs, bladder and stomach Magnetoreceptors- sense and respond to magnetic fields Electroreceptors- sense and respond to electric fields Hydroreceptors- associated with the ability to sense changes in humidity Position Receptors- allow humans to sense where body parts are in relation to other body parts Nervous System Functions Slide 111 / 116 Sensory input : Recieve signals from sensory receptors Integration : Interpret the sensory signals and form appropriate responses Motor output : Conduct signals from the integration centers to effector organs, which can be muscles or glands, to carry out the body's response.

Reflexes A reflex is a response to a stimulus that bypasses the brain.

50 Nervous System Functions Discuss the sensory input, motor output below. What type of stimulus might have elicited this response? Slide 112 / 116 Slide 113 / 116 Lab 3 Can You Trust Your Senses? Reflexes A reflex is a response to a stimulus that bypasses the brain. Slide 114 / 116 The input signal travels a short distance to the spinal cord and the body automatically responds back. Since the input signal doesn't have to travel all the way to the brain, the reaction is almost instantaneous.

51 36 You place your hand over a hot stove for a brief second, which of the following represents a normal nervous system response? Slide 115 / 116 A pain receptor input spinal cord motor output remove h B chemoreceptor input spinal cord motor output remove h C touch receptor input integration motor output grip burne D pain receptor input integration motor output grip burne 36 You place your hand over a hot stove for a brief second, which of the following represents a normal nervous A system response? Slide 115 () / 116 A B pain receptor input spinal cord motor output remove h chemoreceptor input spinal cord motor output remove h C touch receptor input integration motor output grip burne D pain receptor input integration motor output grip burne 37 Which of the following is an example of a reaction to a stimulus involving brain processing? Slide 116 / 116 A B Jumping when someone comes up behind you and startles Catching a hockey puck flying at your face C The pupil of your eye getting smaller in bright light D Removing your hand from a hot stove

52 37 Which of the following is an example of a reaction to a stimulus involving brain processing? Slide 116 () / 116 A B Jumping when someone comes up behind you and startles B Catching a hockey puck flying at your face C The pupil of your eye getting smaller in bright light D Removing your hand from a hot stove

Cell Structure: Organelles. Unit Seventh Grade

Cell Structure: Organelles. Unit Seventh Grade Cell Structure: Organelles Unit 3 --- Seventh Grade Cells are everywhere. Even though most cells cannot be seen with the naked eye, they make up every living thing. Your body contains trillions of cells.