Chapter 4 Cells: The Basic Units of Life The Big Idea All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Chapter 4 Cells: The Basic Units of Life The Big Idea All organisms are composed of one or more cells."

Transcription

1 Chapter 4 Cells: The Basic Units of Life The Big Idea All organisms are composed of one or more cells. Section 1 The Characteristics of Cells Key Concept Cells function similarly in all living organisms. Cells and Cell Discovery Cells function similarly in all living things. A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of living things. In 1665, Robert Hooke built a microscope and and observed box-like structures in a sample of cork. He called the structures cells. Because animal cells lack cell walls, Hooke could not see them. He believed that only plants and fungi were made of cells. In 1673, Dutch merchant Anton van Leeuwenhoek made a microscope and observed swimming animacules in a sample of pond scum. Today we call these single-celled organisms protists. Leeuwenhooek also observed blood cells from different animals and was the first person to observe bacteria. Cells and Cell Theory Nearly 100 years later, Matthias Schleiden, a plant scientists, concluded that all plant parts were made of cells. A year later, in 1839, Theodor Schwann concluded that all animal tissues were made of cells. Schwann went on to write the first two parts of modern cell theory: All organisms are made up of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of all living things. In 1858, Rudolf Virchow added the third part of the cell theory: All cells come from existing cells. 1

2 Review Tip Telling a Story Tell a story about the discovery of cells and how the cell theory came into existence. Cell Size The vast majority of cells are too small to be seen without a microscope. If the volume of a cell becomes too large, the surface area of its membrane will not be able to let in enough materials and let out wastes. Cells must remain small to maintain a proper surface-area-to-volume ratio. Cell Membrane Cells come in many shapes and sizes, and may be specialized for different functions. But all cells have some parts in common. All cells have a cell membrane. The cell membrane is a protective layer that covers the cell s surface and acts a barrier. The cell membrane separates the cell s contents from its surroundings. The cell membrane also controls the materials going into and out of the cell. Cytoplasm and Organelles Most of the contents of a cell, including the fluid, is called the cytoplasm. Organelles are part of the cytoplasm. Organelles are structures that have specific jobs inside the cell. DNA and Nucleus All cells have DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) at some point in their lives. DNA is the genetic material that carries instructions for making new cells. In eukaryotic cells, including plants and animals, the DNA is found within the nucleus of the cell. The nucleus is an organelle specialized to hold the DNA. The nucleus plays a role in growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Bacteria have DNA, but do not have a nucleus. Their DNA floats free in 2

3 the cytoplasm. Human blood cells have a nucleus and DNA as they are growing. Once mature, they lose their DNA and nucleus. Most cells, however, need DNA throughout their lives. The DNA provides instructions for making proteins. Two Kinds of Cells Cells that do not have a nucleus are called prokaryotes. Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes. Prokaryotic DNA is a round molecule, twisted like a rubber band. Prokaryotes have cell walls. They lack the membrane-bound organelles found in other organisms. Eukaryotes are organisms made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane. Eukaryotic cells are 10 times as large as prokaryotic cells, although most eukaryotic cells are still microscopic. Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles to carry out the functions of the cell. Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells Key Concept Eukaryotic cells have organelles that perform important functions. Cell Wall Eukaryotic cells have many organelles in common to carry out important functions. Plants are eukaryotes that have some structures and organelles not seen in animal cells. Plant cells have a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane called the cell wall. Animal cells lack a cell wall. Cell Membrane All cells have a cell membrane made up of proteins and phospholipids. 3

4 A phospholipid has a water-loving, or hydrophillic, head and a waterfearing, or hydrophobic, tail. The phospholipids form a two-layer protective membrane. The two-layer membrane makes it difficult for materials to pass into or out of the cell. Some materials, like nutrients and wastes, move through the membrane using protein passageways within the membrane. Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is a web of proteins in the cytoplasm of some cells. It plays a key role in cell movement, shape, and division. Different cells have different shapes because of the arrangement of their cytoskeletons. Nucleus All eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. The nucleus is the large organelle that contains the cell s DNA. The DNA provides messages for making proteins. The messages are sent out of the nucleus through pores in the nucleus membrane. Some cells have a dark area within the nucleus called the nucleolus. Ribosome assembly begins here. Ribosomes Ribosomes are small organelles that make proteins. There are more ribosomes than any other organelle in the cell. Because all cells need to make proteins, all cells have ribosomes. Unlike most organelles, ribosomes are not covered by a membrane. Endoplasmic Reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum, or ER, is a system of folded membranes in which proteins, lipids, and other materials are made. Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that make proteins near the nucleus. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes. Smooth ER makes lipids and breaks down toxic materials. The ER also 4

5 functions as a delivery system for the cell. Mitochondria A mitochondrion is the main power source of a cell. Mitochondria are organelles in which sugar is broken down to release energy. Mitochondria have two membranes. The folded inner membrane of a mitochondrion is where ATP is made. ATP is the energy storing molecule used by the cell to carry out its functions. Most eukaryotic cells have mitochondria. They are unusual organelles in that they have their own DNA and divide on their own, like bacteria. Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are organelles in which photosynthesis takes place. Plants, algae, and some prokaryotes have cells with chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are green because they contain chlorophyll, the pigment that traps the energy of sunlight. This energy is used to make sugar during photosynthesis. Chloroplasts, like mitochondria, have their own DNA and two membranes. Photosynthesis takes place in the inner membrane. Golgi Complex The Golgi complex packages and distributes proteins and lipids. The materials may be taken to other parts of the cell or may exit the cell. Materials may be modified in the Golgi complex to do different jobs before they are sent off. The Golgi complex pinches off portions of its membrane to create bubbles. The bubbles contain the materials to be transported. The Golgi complex looks much like the smooth ER. Cell Compartments The bubble that forms from the Gogi complex s membrane is an example of a vesicle. 5

6 A vesicle is a small sac that surrounds materials to be moved into or out of the cell. Vesicles also move materials within the cell. All eukaryotic cells have vesicles. Lysosomes Lysosomes are vesicles that contain digestive enzymes. They carry out digestion inside a cell. Lysosomes destroy worn-out organelles, engulf foreign invaders, and get rid of wastes. Lysosomes are found mainly in animal cells. Vacuoles A vacuole is another type of vesicle found in cells. They play an important role in plants. Vacuoles in plants and fungi may act like lysosomes. The large central vacuole in a plant cell stores water and other liquids. Some plants wilt when their large central vacuoles lose water. Review Tip Creating Diagrams Create a Venn diagram to categorize the parts of plant and animals cells. Section 3 The Organization of Living Things Key Concept As multicellular organisms develop, their cells differentiate and form levels of organization. Unicellular Organisms Anything that can perform life processes by itself is an organism. Organisms that are made up of only one cell are unicellular. All prokaryotes are unicellular. Some eukaryotes, including yeasts, some algae, and some protists, are unicellular. Unicellular organisms need fewer resources and can live in harsher conditions. 6

7 Multicellular Organisms Multicellular organisms do not simply have more cells than unicellular organisms. They differ in other ways, too. Larger Size Multicellular organisms grow by making more cells, not be making their cells larger. Larger organisms can eat a wider variety of foods, and are prey to fewer predators. Longer Life Multicellular organisms live longer than unicellular organisms. Specialization Multicellular organisms have cells specialized for different functions. This makes them more efficient than unicellular organisms. Cells: The First Level of Organization Specialized cells allow multicellular organisms to be more organized than unicellular organisms. Cells in a multicellular organism are specialized to perform a specific function. A function of a cell is the activity that the cell performs. The function of a cell relates to the cell s structure. Structure is the arrangement of parts in an organism. Muscle cells include structures that contract. Leaf cells include structures that allow gasses to move in and out of the leaf. Tissues: The Second Level of Organization A tissue is a group of cells that work together to perform a specific job. The four basic types of animal tissue are nerve tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue, and protective tissue. The three basic types of plant tissues include transport tissue, protective tissue, and ground tissue. Organs: The Third Level of Organization An organ is a structure that is made up of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function. Your heart is an organ made mostly of cardiac muscle tissue. It also 7

8 has nerve tissue and blood vessel tissue. The leaf of a plant is an organ that contains ground tissue for photosynthesis. It also has transport tissue for water movement and protective tissue to prevent water loss. Organ Systems: The Fourth Level of Organization A group of organs working together to perform a function is called an organ system. For example, the cardiovascular system includes the heart organ and the blood vessel organs. Their combined function is to transport blood throughout the body. Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, and Organisms In multicellular organisms, cells form tissues, tissues form organs, and organs form organ systems. Organ systems then work together to form the organism. Unicellular Organization Some unicellular organisms come together to form a large group or colony. For example, slime mold is made up of many individual cells. Although they may be part of a large group of cells, each cell in a unicellular colony is an individual. The cells in a unicellular colony are not specialized. Review Tip Drawing Flowcharts Create a flowchart that illustrates the organization of an organism from smallest parts to largest parts. Review Tip Wrap- Up Think about the methods you have used to study the concepts in this chapter. Which types of Review Tips are the most helpful to you? What types of concepts do they help you study? Think about review methods you can use when you are studying. 8

LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS

LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS Human beings are A. machines. B. organisms. C. systems. D. protists. One benefit of being a large organism is that you have A. larger cells. B. simpler functions. C. fewer

More information

Discovery of the Cell

Discovery of the Cell Cell Structure Discovery of the Cell Who discovered cells? 1665 Robert Hooke used a compound microscope to examine a piece of cork (20X magnification) He saw little boxes in the cork and called them cells

More information

Eukaryotic Cells. Cell Wall. Key Concept Eukaryotic cells have organelles that perform important functions.

Eukaryotic Cells. Cell Wall. Key Concept Eukaryotic cells have organelles that perform important functions. 2 Eukaryotic Cells Key Concept Eukaryotic cells have organelles that perform important functions. What You Will Learn Eukaryotic cells have many parts such as cell s, a nucleus, and ribosomes in common.

More information

Ask yourself. Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function. Examples of Cells. A is cell the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

Ask yourself. Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function. Examples of Cells. A is cell the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function Ask yourself If you were a scientist living in the 1500s, what kind of questions would you ask yourself if you were the one to discover cells? Let me think. Cell Video

More information

Chapter: Life's Structure and Classification

Chapter: Life's Structure and Classification Table of Contents Chapter: Life's Structure and Classification Section 1: Living Things 1- What is an organism? Any living thing is called an organism. Organisms vary in size: 1)one-celled or unicellular

More information

Cell Theory. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function for all living things, but no one knew they existed before the 17 th century!

Cell Theory. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function for all living things, but no one knew they existed before the 17 th century! Cell Notes Cell Theory All living organisms are made of. cells The cell is the basic unit of structure and function for all living things, but no one knew they existed before the 17 th century! In 1665,

More information

Cell Structure: Organelles. Unit Seventh Grade

Cell Structure: Organelles. Unit Seventh Grade Cell Structure: Organelles Unit 3 --- Seventh Grade Cells are everywhere. Even though most cells cannot be seen with the naked eye, they make up every living thing. Your body contains trillions of cells.

More information

Cell Theory and Structure. Discoveries What are Cells? Cell Theory Cell Structures Organelles

Cell Theory and Structure. Discoveries What are Cells? Cell Theory Cell Structures Organelles Cell Theory and Structure Discoveries What are Cells? Cell Theory Cell Structures Organelles Discoveries In 1665 Robert Hooke observed a thin slice of cork from an oak tree What he saw reminded him of

More information

Cell Structure: What cells are made of. Can you pick out the cells from this picture?

Cell Structure: What cells are made of. Can you pick out the cells from this picture? Cell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture? Review of the cell theory Microscope was developed 1610. Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw living things in pond water. 1677

More information

http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html 4A: Students will compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Robert Hooke (1665) Used a compound microscope to look at thin slices of cork (oak

More information

Cell Structure and Function. Chapter 4

Cell Structure and Function. Chapter 4 Cell Structure and Function Chapter 4 Chapter 4: Cell Structure Section 1: The History of Cell Biology Section 2: Introduction to Cells Section 3: Cell Organelles and Features Section 4: Unique Features

More information

protein synthesis cell theory Centrioles specialization. unicellular ribosomes. mitochondria cell interdependence prokaryotes

protein synthesis cell theory Centrioles specialization. unicellular ribosomes. mitochondria cell interdependence prokaryotes All cells must generate proteins. Cells make protein through a process called protein synthesis All living things are made of cells, Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms,

More information

The Discovery of Cells

The Discovery of Cells The Discovery of Cells Microscope observations! General Cell & Organelle Discovery 1600s Observations made by scientists using more powerful microscopes in the 1800s led to the formation of the cell theory.

More information

II. Eukaryotic Cell Structure A. Boundaries 1. plasma membrane a. serves as a boundary b/w the cell and its environment b. controls movement of

II. Eukaryotic Cell Structure A. Boundaries 1. plasma membrane a. serves as a boundary b/w the cell and its environment b. controls movement of I. History of the cell theory A. Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1600s) - dutch lens maker could see things with his lenses that were invisible to the naked eye - developed the simple microscope B. Robert Hooke

More information

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE ORGANIZATION OF LIFE CELL THEORY TIMELINE

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE ORGANIZATION OF LIFE CELL THEORY TIMELINE CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE 1. composed of cells either uni/multi 2. reproduce sexual and/or asexual 3. contain DNA in cells 4. grow and develop 5. use material/energy in metabolic reactions 6. respond to

More information

Discovery of the Cell

Discovery of the Cell Cells Chapter 4 Discovery of the Cell 1665 Robert Hooke used a microscope to examine a piece of cork. He saw little boxes in the cork and called them cells. 1673 Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first person

More information

STEMscopedia: CELL STRUCTURES AND HOMEOSTASIS B1A

STEMscopedia: CELL STRUCTURES AND HOMEOSTASIS B1A Reflect B1A Have you wondered why you shiver in the cold? Or maybe why your stomach gets upset after eating something bad? These and many other reactions are ways your body is responding to a change in

More information

Cells Cytology = the study of cells. Nonliving Levels. Organization Levels of Life. Living Levels 11/14/13. More Living Levels

Cells Cytology = the study of cells. Nonliving Levels. Organization Levels of Life. Living Levels 11/14/13. More Living Levels Cells Cytology = the study of cells What Are the Main Characteristics of organisms? 1. Made of CELLS 2. Require ENERGY (food) 3. REPRODUCE (species) 4. Maintain HOMEOSTASIS 5. ORGANIZED 6. RESPOND to environment

More information

Cell organelles. Cell Wall

Cell organelles. Cell Wall Cell organelles Cell Wall Plant cells have an outermost structure called a cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid structure that gives support to a cell. Plants and algae have cell walls made of a complex sugar.

More information

CELL HISTORY, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

CELL HISTORY, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION CELL HISTORY, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION The cell is the smallest unit of life that can carry out life processes. Chapter 4 Robert Hooke 1665 -observed cork through a light microscope. Anton Van Leewenhoek

More information

Mid-Unit 1 Study Guide

Mid-Unit 1 Study Guide Mid- Study Guide Lessons 1, 3, & 4 1.1 Essential Questions: What are living things made of? What term describes the smallest unit that can perform all of the functions necessary for life? Eukaryotic cells

More information

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. chapter 7 Test Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Who was one of the first people to identify and see cork cells? a. Anton van

More information

Name: Class: Date: ID: A

Name: Class: Date: ID: A Class: Date: Ch 7 Review Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Researchers use fluorescent labels and light microscopy to a. follow

More information

Unit 3: Cells. Objective: To be able to compare and contrast the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells.

Unit 3: Cells. Objective: To be able to compare and contrast the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells. Unit 3: Cells Objective: To be able to compare and contrast the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells. The Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells (unicellular or multicellular).

More information

Function and Illustration. Nucleus. Nucleolus. Cell membrane. Cell wall. Capsule. Mitochondrion

Function and Illustration. Nucleus. Nucleolus. Cell membrane. Cell wall. Capsule. Mitochondrion Intro to Organelles Name: Block: Organelles are small structures inside cells. They are often covered in membranes. Each organelle has a job to do in the cell. Their name means little organ. Just like

More information

Eukaryotic Cells: The Inside Story. Day 1

Eukaryotic Cells: The Inside Story. Day 1 Eukaryotic Cells: The Inside Story Day 1 Objective 1. I will describe each part of a eukaryotic. 2. I will explain the function of each part of a eukaryotic cell. 3. I will describe the difference between

More information

CELL PART Expanded Definition Cell Structure Illustration Function Summary Location ALL CELLS DNA Common in Animals Uncommon in Plants Lysosome

CELL PART Expanded Definition Cell Structure Illustration Function Summary Location ALL CELLS DNA Common in Animals Uncommon in Plants Lysosome CELL PART Expanded Definition Cell Structure Illustration Function Summary Location is the material that contains the Carry genetic ALL CELLS information that determines material inherited characteristics.

More information

What in the Cell is Going On?

What in the Cell is Going On? What in the Cell is Going On? Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect... (July 18, 1635 - March 3, 1703) In 1665 Robert Hooke publishes his book, Micrographia, which contains his drawings

More information

Chapter Life Is Cellular

Chapter Life Is Cellular Chapter 7 7-1 Life Is Cellular The Discovery of the Cell Anton van Leeuwenhoek used a single-lens microscope to observe tiny little organisms in pond water. The Discovery of the Cell In 1665, Robert Hooke

More information

Introduction to Cells. Intro to Cells. Scientists who contributed to cell theory. Cell Theory. There are 2 types of cells: All Cells:

Introduction to Cells. Intro to Cells. Scientists who contributed to cell theory. Cell Theory. There are 2 types of cells: All Cells: Intro to Cells Key Concept: Cells are the basic unit of life. Introduction to Cells Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Basic types of cells: 1 Animal Cell

More information

The Basic Unit of Life Copyright Amy Brown Science Stuff

The Basic Unit of Life Copyright Amy Brown Science Stuff Cell Structure and Function The Basic Unit of Life Copyright Amy Brown Science Stuff The Discovery of the Cell Robert Hooke looked at thin slices of cork (plant cells) under the microscope. Named it a

More information

Bio-CP Chapter 7 Cell Notes

Bio-CP Chapter 7 Cell Notes Bio-CP Chapter 7 Cell Notes I. Cell = Building block of all living organisms A. Robert Hooke (1665) observed cork under a crude microscope 1. He called the boxes cells because they looked like little rooms

More information

T HE C ELL C H A P T E R 1 P G. 4-23

T HE C ELL C H A P T E R 1 P G. 4-23 T HE C ELL C H A P T E R 1 P G. 4-23 A CELL IS THE SMALLEST LIVING UNIT KNOWN. IT IS OFTEN CALLED THE BUILDING BLOCK OF THE BODY, AND IS THE BASIC STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF AN ORGANISM. CELL THEORY

More information

NAME: PERIOD: DATE: A View of the Cell. Use Chapter 8 of your book to complete the chart of eukaryotic cell components.

NAME: PERIOD: DATE: A View of the Cell. Use Chapter 8 of your book to complete the chart of eukaryotic cell components. NAME: PERIOD: DATE: A View of the Cell Use Chapter 8 of your book to complete the chart of eukaryotic cell components. Cell Part Cell Wall Centriole Chloroplast Cilia Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic

More information

Cells. basic structure of life

Cells. basic structure of life Cells basic structure of life Cells are the smallest unit of life Cells (the smallest unit of life)- make up all living things, including your own body. Cells can differ in shape and sizes. The different

More information

Cell Theory Essential Questions

Cell Theory Essential Questions Cells Vocab words 1. Cell 2. Cell theory 3. Nucleus 4. Eukaryote 5. Prokaryote 6. Organelle 7. Cytoplasm 8. Nuclear envelope 9. Chromatin 10. Chromosome 11. Nucleolus 12. Ribosome 13. Endoplasmic reticulum

More information

Van Leeuwenhoek. 1 st crude microscope made by the Dutchman

Van Leeuwenhoek. 1 st crude microscope made by the Dutchman The Cell History of Cells In 1665, English scientist Robert Hooke used the first compound light microscope to see plant tissues He viewed several thin slices of cork He called the small chambers within

More information

What is a cell? Recall your work yesterday. When classifying cells, what are the two groups scientists separate cells into?

What is a cell? Recall your work yesterday. When classifying cells, what are the two groups scientists separate cells into? What is a cell? Recall your work yesterday. When classifying cells, what are the two groups scientists separate cells into? Light Microscopes and Total Power Magnification We can use microscopes to observe

More information

CELL Readings BCMS 1/1/2018

CELL Readings BCMS 1/1/2018 CELL Readings BCMS 1/1/2018 3.1 Cell Biology Learning Objectives Explain how cells are observed. Define the three main parts of the cell theory. Explain the levels of organization in an organism. Introduction

More information

Chapter 3. Chapter 3. Bellringer. Objectives. Chapter 3. Chapter 3. Vocabulary. Objectives, continued

Chapter 3. Chapter 3. Bellringer. Objectives. Chapter 3. Chapter 3. Vocabulary. Objectives, continued Bellringer Why do you think cells weren t discovered until 1665? What invention do you think made their discovery possible? Do you think people can ever see cells with the naked eye? Explain your answer.

More information

It took more than years for scientists to develop that would allow them to really study.

It took more than years for scientists to develop that would allow them to really study. CELLS NOTES All living things are made of! THE DISCOVERY OF CELLS The Scientist Who? When? What was discovered? Robert Hooke Anton van Leeuwenhoek Looked through a very simple at a thin slice of and saw

More information

Name Hour. Section 7-1 Life Is Cellular (pages )

Name Hour. Section 7-1 Life Is Cellular (pages ) Name Hour Section 7-1 Life Is Cellular (pages 169-173) Introduction (page 169) 1. What is the structure that makes up every living thing? The Discovery of the Cell (pages 169-170) 2. What was Anton van

More information

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Structure and Function Cell Structure and Function Cell size comparison Animal cell Bacterial cell What jobs do cells have to do for an organism to live Gas exchange CO 2 & O 2 Eat (take in & digest food) Make energy ATP Build

More information

How do we define what it means to be alive?

How do we define what it means to be alive? How do we define what it means to be alive? Defining Life-7 Characteristics of Life There is no universal definition of life. To define life in unequivocal terms is still a challenge for scientists. Conventional

More information

STUDY GUIDE SECTION 4-1 The History of Cell Biology

STUDY GUIDE SECTION 4-1 The History of Cell Biology STUDY GUIDE SECTION 4-1 The History of Cell Biology Name Period Date Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. One early piece of evidence supporting the cell theory was the observation

More information

CELL THEORY & FUNCTION

CELL THEORY & FUNCTION UNIT 1- THE CELL CELL THEORY & FUNCTION A Word From Bill Record your observations about the picture to the right. What do you think you are you looking at? Describe the structure with as much detail

More information

Name Class Date. Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the word bank.

Name Class Date. Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the word bank. Skills Worksheet Chapter Review USING KEY TERMS Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the word bank. cell organ cell membrane prokaryote organelles eukaryote cell wall

More information

Chapter 7. Cell Structure & Function

Chapter 7. Cell Structure & Function Chapter 7 Cell Structure & Function Scientists & Discoveries Early 1600 s (Holland): 1st microscope was constructed Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1600 s) used single lens as a microscope to study and very carefully

More information

Basic Structure of a Cell

Basic Structure of a Cell Basic Structure of a Cell Introduction to Cells Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Basic types of cells: Animal Cell Plant Cell Bacterial Cell 1 2 Number

More information

and their organelles

and their organelles and their organelles Discovery Video: Cells REVIEW!!!! The Cell Theory 1. Every living organism is made of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function. It is the smallest

More information

7-1 Life Is Cellular. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7-1 Life Is Cellular. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-1 Life Is Cellular The Discovery of the Cell What is the cell theory? The Discovery of the Cell The cell theory states: All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure

More information

How do we define what it means to be alive?

How do we define what it means to be alive? How do we define what it means to be alive? Defining Life There is no universal definition of life. To define life in unequivocal terms is still a challenge for scientists. Conventional definition: must

More information

CELL THEORY, STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL THEORY, STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CELL THEORY, STRUCTURE & FUNCTION History of Cells Robert Hooke (1665) observed cork under a microscope Thought they looked like the rooms monks lived in called cells. History of Cells Antony Van Leeuwenhoek

More information

What is a cell? (*Know the parts of the microscope!)

What is a cell? (*Know the parts of the microscope!) Cells What is a cell? All living things have cells whether it is one or many! Therefore, a cell is the basic unit of all life. The invention of the microscope was pivotal to the study of cell biology.

More information

BIOLOGY Cell Review Notes (source: SW Biology 11)

BIOLOGY Cell Review Notes (source: SW Biology 11) BIOLOGY Cell Review Notes (source: SW Biology 11) CELL STRUCTURE, FUNCTION & PROCESS Both living and nonliving things are composed of molecules made from chemical elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,

More information

Cell Structure and Function How do the structures and processes of a cell enable it to survive?

Cell Structure and Function How do the structures and processes of a cell enable it to survive? Name Cell Structure and Function Date How do the structures and processes of a cell enable it to survive? Before You Read Before you read the chapter, think about what you know about the topic. Record

More information

Basic Structure of a Cell

Basic Structure of a Cell Basic Structure of a Cell Prokaryotic Cells No nucleus Archaea & Eubacteria One circular chromosome Extremely small Eukaryotic Cells Has a nucleus!!! Membrane-bound organelles Plants, Animals, Fungi, &

More information

All living things are made of cells

All living things are made of cells All about CELLS! 12F recognize that according to cell theory all organisms are composed of cells and cells carry on similar functions such as extracting energy from food to sustain life 12C recognize levels

More information

3 The Organization of Living Things

3 The Organization of Living Things CHAPTER 1 SECTION Cells: The Basic Units of Life 3 The Organization of Living Things BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What are the advantages of

More information

7 Characteristics of Life

7 Characteristics of Life 7 Characteristics of Life 1. Interdependence 2. Metabolism 3. Homeostasis 4. Cellular Structure and Function 5. Reproduction 6. Heredity 7. Evolution The Cell Theory All living things are composed of one

More information

Biology Cell Test. Name: Class: Date: ID: A. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Biology Cell Test. Name: Class: Date: ID: A. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Class: Date: Biology Cell Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1, Who. wasone of the first people to-identify and seecorkeells? -,- ; -...

More information

What is a cell? 2 Exceptions to The Cell Theory. Famous People. Can You Identify This Object? Basic Unit of all forms of Life. 1.

What is a cell? 2 Exceptions to The Cell Theory. Famous People. Can You Identify This Object? Basic Unit of all forms of Life. 1. Can You Identify This Object? CELLS Day 1: CELLULAR COMPONENTS & PROCESES What is a cell? Collection of living material enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from it s surroundings Basic Unit of

More information

Biology. Mrs. Michaelsen. Types of cells. Cells & Cell Organelles. Cell size comparison. The Cell. Doing Life s Work. Hooke first viewed cork 1600 s

Biology. Mrs. Michaelsen. Types of cells. Cells & Cell Organelles. Cell size comparison. The Cell. Doing Life s Work. Hooke first viewed cork 1600 s Types of cells bacteria cells Prokaryote - no organelles Cells & Cell Organelles Doing Life s Work Eukaryotes - organelles animal cells plant cells Cell size comparison Animal cell Bacterial cell most

More information

CELLS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

CELLS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION CELLS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Jhia Anjela D. Rivera Department of Biological Sciences School of Science and Technology Centro Escolar University DISCOVERY OF CELLS Robert Hooke (1665): Observed a thin slice

More information

Chapter 4. Table of Contents. Section 1 The History of Cell Biology. Section 2 Introduction to Cells. Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features

Chapter 4. Table of Contents. Section 1 The History of Cell Biology. Section 2 Introduction to Cells. Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features Cell Structure and Function Table of Contents Section 1 The History of Cell Biology Section 2 Introduction to Cells Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features Section 4 Unique Features of Plant Cells Section

More information

Cells and Their Organelles

Cells and Their Organelles Cells and Their Organelles The cell is the basic unit of life. The following is a glossary of animal cell terms. All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane. The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing

More information

Anaphase. Third phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. Animal Cell

Anaphase. Third phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. Animal Cell Anaphase Third phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. Animal Cell Antony Van Leevwenhoek 1643- Dutch microscope maker and merchant, observed and described

More information

Cell Structure. Chapter 4

Cell Structure. Chapter 4 Cell Structure Chapter 4 Cell Theory Cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke. Early studies of cells were conducted by - Mathias Schleiden (1838) - Theodor Schwann (1839) Schleiden and Schwann proposed

More information

Cells. Modified by the MHJHS SD. [Adopted from James Holden & Clint Tucker]

Cells. Modified by the MHJHS SD. [Adopted from James Holden & Clint Tucker] Cells Modified by the MHJHS SD [Adopted from James Holden & Clint Tucker] The Cell Theory In 1855, a number of scientists put together a theory about cells 1) All living things are composed of Cells. 2)

More information

Cellular basis of life History of cell Biology Year Name of the scientist Importance

Cellular basis of life History of cell Biology Year Name of the scientist Importance Cellular basis of life History of cell Biology Year Name of the scientist Importance 1590 Jansen 1650 Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1665 Robert Hooke 1831 Matthias Schleiden 1831 Theodore Schwann 1855 Rudolf Virchow

More information

BASIC BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES

BASIC BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES BASIC BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES A1 A1. Basic Biological Principles 1. Describe the characteristics of life shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms 2. Compare cellular structures and their function

More information

UNIT 3 CP BIOLOGY: Cell Structure

UNIT 3 CP BIOLOGY: Cell Structure UNIT 3 CP BIOLOGY: Cell Structure Page CP: CHAPTER 3, Sections 1-3; HN: CHAPTER 7, Sections 1-2 Standard B-2: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of cells and their

More information

Cells and Their Organelles

Cells and Their Organelles Mr. Ulrich Regents Biology Name:.. Cells and Their Organelles The cell is the basic unit of life. The following is a glossary of animal cell terms. All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane. The cell

More information

8/25/ Opening Questions: Are all living things made of cells? What are at least five things you know about cells?

8/25/ Opening Questions: Are all living things made of cells? What are at least five things you know about cells? Chapter 3 The Cell: Module Hyperlinks 3.1 Cells are the fundamental units of life 3.2 Plant vs. animal cells 3.3 Membranes: structure 3.4 Membranes: function 3.5 The nucleus 3.6 Organelles in protein production

More information

3.2. Eukaryotic Cells and Cell Organelles. Teacher Notes and Answers. section

3.2. Eukaryotic Cells and Cell Organelles. Teacher Notes and Answers. section section 3.2 Eukaryotic Cells and Cell Organelles Teacher Notes and Answers SECTION 2 Instant Replay 1. Answers will vary. An example answer is a shapeless bag. 2. store and protect the DNA 3. mitochondria

More information

The Cell. The basic unit of all living things

The Cell. The basic unit of all living things The Cell The basic unit of all living things 1 Robert Hooke was the first to name the cell (1665) 2 The Cell Theory The cell is the unit of Structure of all living things. The cell is the unit of Function

More information

Name: Date: Hour:

Name: Date: Hour: Name: Date: Hour: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Comprehension Questions 1. At what level of organization does life begin? 2. What surrounds all cells? 3. What is meant by semipermeable? 4. What 2 things make up the cell

More information

Turns sunlight, water & carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into sugar & oxygen through photosynthesis

Turns sunlight, water & carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into sugar & oxygen through photosynthesis CELL PART/ ORGANELLE FUNCTION (what it does) PICTURE Plant, Animal, or Both Cell Membrane controls what goes in & out of the cell protects the cell Nucleus directs all the cell s activities contains cell

More information

Biology I. Chapter 7

Biology I. Chapter 7 Biology I Chapter 7 Interest Grabber NOTEBOOK #1 Are All Cells Alike? All living things are made up of cells. Some organisms are composed of only one cell. Other organisms are made up of many cells. 1.

More information

Cell Is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life and are often called

Cell Is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life and are often called The Cell Cell Is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life and are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of

More information

Cell Types. Prokaryotes

Cell Types. Prokaryotes Cell Types Prokaryotes before nucleus no membrane-bound nucleus only organelle present is the ribosome all other reactions occur in the cytoplasm not very efficient Ex.: bacteria 1 Cell Types Eukaryotes

More information

CELL TYPE. Unit #4: Cell Structure & Func2on. Classifica(on, Endosymbiosis, Cell Type, Cell Organelles

CELL TYPE. Unit #4: Cell Structure & Func2on. Classifica(on, Endosymbiosis, Cell Type, Cell Organelles Unit #4: Cell Structure & Func2on Classifica(on, Endosymbiosis, Cell Type, Cell Organelles How are prokaryo(c cells and eukaryo(c cells similar? different? CELL TYPE Cell Theory Many scientists were involved

More information

Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells. They are identified by the presence of certain membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells. They are identified by the presence of certain membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells. They are identified by the presence of certain membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells have organelles too, but much fewer

More information

The diagram below represents levels of organization within a cell of a multicellular organism.

The diagram below represents levels of organization within a cell of a multicellular organism. STATION 1 1. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have the capacity to a. assemble into multicellular organisms b. establish symbiotic relationships with other organisms c. obtain energy from the

More information

Biology. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure 10/29/2013. Eukaryotic Cell Structures

Biology. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure 10/29/2013. Eukaryotic Cell Structures Biology Biology 1of 49 2of 49 Eukaryotic Cell Structures Eukaryotic Cell Structures Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as organelles. Cell biologists

More information

11/18/2009. History. History. Small Living Things, What Surrounds Them, & How to Keep Them the Same

11/18/2009. History. History. Small Living Things, What Surrounds Them, & How to Keep Them the Same Or Small Living Things, What Surrounds Them, & How to Keep Them the Same History 1663 Robert Hooke - Using a simple microscope, looked at cork, saw little boxes of cells Thought that they were sacks filled

More information

CELL STRUCTURE. What are the basic units of life? What are the structures within a cell and what are they capable of? How and why do cells divide?

CELL STRUCTURE. What are the basic units of life? What are the structures within a cell and what are they capable of? How and why do cells divide? CELL STRUCTURE What are the basic units of life? What are the structures within a cell and what are they capable of? How and why do cells divide? YEAR 8 BODY SYSTEMS Cells alive! Cells are the smallest

More information

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 7-1 Life Is Cellular CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The Discovery of the Cell 1665: Robert Hooke used an early compound microscope to look at a thin slice of cork. Cork looked

More information

Cell Structure. Chapter 4. Cell Theory. Cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke.

Cell Structure. Chapter 4. Cell Theory. Cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke. Cell Structure Chapter 4 Cell Theory Cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke. Early studies of cells were conducted by - Mathias Schleiden (1838) - Theodor Schwann (1839) Schleiden and Schwann proposed

More information

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Structure and Function Cell Structure and Function Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Prokaryotic cells: Pro- Before, Karyot- Center or Nucleus Very Basic Cells with no membrane bound organelles. DNA is not separate from the rest of the

More information

Life is Cellular Section 7.1

Life is Cellular Section 7.1 Life is Cellular Section 7.1 Objectives Understand Cell theory Distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes Understand different types of microscopy, and how they work in more detail What is a Cell?

More information

Chapter 7.2. Cell Structure

Chapter 7.2. Cell Structure Chapter 7.2 Cell Structure Daily Objectives Describe the structure and function of the cell nucleus. Describe the function and structure of membrane bound organelles found within the cell. Describe the

More information

Eubacteria Archaea Eukarya

Eubacteria Archaea Eukarya Taxonomy Eubacteria Archaea Eukarya, mostly heterotrophic, live in all sorts of environments Largest group of organisms on Earth Only a small amount cause disease Most have very important roles:, such

More information

Cell Organelles Tutorial

Cell Organelles Tutorial 1 Name: Cell Organelles Tutorial TEK 7.12D: Differentiate between structure and function in plant and animal cell organelles, including cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, chloroplast,

More information

Cell Structure, Function & Ultrastructure

Cell Structure, Function & Ultrastructure Cell Structure, Function & Ultrastructure Learning Objectives 2.1.2 Components of the cell as seen under the light microscope and their functions. Cell Structure and Function 1. Plant cells: cell wall,

More information

Biology. Introduction to Cells. Sunday, November 8, 15

Biology. Introduction to Cells. Sunday, November 8, 15 Biology Introduction to Cells Cell Theory Biology is the study of life. Ideas about cells are built on the cell theory which states: 1. All living things are made of cells and their products. 2. The cell

More information

Unit 2: Characteristics of Living Things Lesson 18: From Cell To Organism

Unit 2: Characteristics of Living Things Lesson 18: From Cell To Organism Name Unit 2: Characteristics of Living Things Lesson 18: From Cell To Organism Date Objective: Students will be able to compare organisms unique cells and cellular organization. Essential Questions: 1.

More information

Parts of the Cell book pgs

Parts of the Cell book pgs Parts of the Cell book pgs. 12-18 Animal Cell Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Go to Section: Eukaryotic Cell: Organelles & Functions 1. Cell Membrane (Nickname: skin ) Function: A protective layer that covers

More information

Discovering Cell/ The Cell Theory. * Cells are the basic, smallest units of structure and function of living things.

Discovering Cell/ The Cell Theory. * Cells are the basic, smallest units of structure and function of living things. Discovering Cell/ The Cell Theory * Cells are the basic, smallest units of structure and function of living things. Since they are so small, before the invention of the microscope (around 1590), no one

More information