AP Biology Spring Review

Transcription

1 1 1. In analyzing the number of different bases in a DNA sample, which result would be consistent with the base-pairing rules? A. A+G = C+T B. A+T = G+T C. A=G D. G=T E. A=C 2. Which of the following represents a similarity between RNA and DNA? A. the presence of a double stranded helix B. the presence of uracil C. the presence of an OH group on the 3 carbon of the sugar D. nucleotides consisting of a phosphate, sugar, and a nitrogen base 3. RNA differs from DNA in that RNA A. contains ribose as its sugar B. is found only in the cytoplasm C. contains uracil instead of thymine D. both A and C are correct E. A, B, and C are correct 4. A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AGT. The corresponding codon for the mrna A. AGT B. UCA C. TCA D. AGU

2 2 5. The following sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence pheleu-iso-val would be A. 5 TTG-CTA-CAG-TAG 3 B. 3 AAC-GAC-GUC-AUA 5 C. 5 AUG-CTG-CAG-TAT 3 D. 3 AAA-AAT-ATA-ACA 5 E. 3 AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5 6. What amino acid sequence will be generated based on the following mrna codon sequence? 5 AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG 3 A. met-arg-glu-arg-glu-arg B. met-glu-arg-arg-gln-leu C. met-ser-leu-ser-leu-ser D. met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu E. met-leu-phe-arg-glu-glu 7. Which of the following is analogous to a frame shift mutation of the sequence THECATATETHERAT? A. THERATATETHECAT B. THETACATETHERAT C. THECATARETHERAT D. THECATATTHERAT E. CATATETHERAT 8. A frame shift mutation could result from A. a base insertion only B. a base deletion only C. a base substitution only D. deletion of three consecutive bases E. either an insertion or a deletion of a base

3 3 9. When a nucleotide pair is lost from the middle of a gene during the process of transcription, what happens? A. an enzyme corrects and then removes incorrect amino acids B. the protein sequence terminates C. the reading frame is shifted, producing a nonfunctioning polypeptide D. a single-recognition particle moves in to correct coding errors E. there is little effect on the protein being synthesized 10. What is the relationship among DNA, a gene, and a chromosome? A. a chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of proteins B. a chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of DNA C. a gene contains hundreds of chromosomes, which are composed of proteins D. a gene is composed of DNA, but there is no relationship to the chromosome E. a gene contains hundreds of chromosomes, which are composed of DNA 11. A particular eukaryotic protein is 300 amino acids long. Which of the following could be the maximum number of nucleotides in the DNA that codes for the amino acids in this protein? A. 3 B. 100 C. 300 D. 900 E A protein (peptide) has a sequence phe-pro-lys-gly-phe-pro. What is the sequence in DNA that will code for this peptide? A. 3 UUU-CCC-AAA-GGG-UUU-CCC B. 3 AUG-AAA-GGG-TTT-CCC-AAA C. 3 AAA-GGG-TTT-CCC-AAA-GGG D. 5 GGG-AAA-TTT-AAA-CCC-ACT E. 5 ACT-TAC-CAT-AAA-CAT-TAC-UGA

4 4 13. A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AGT. What would be the corresponding triplet in the complementary strand of DNA? A. AGT B. UCA C. TCA D. GAC E. TCA in eukaryotes, but UCA in prokaryotes 14. A portion of the genetic sequence is UUU= phenylalanine, AAA= lysine, and CCC= proline. Assume the correct code places the amino acids phenylalanine, alanine and lysine in a protein (in that order). Which of the following DNA sequences would substitute proline for alanine? A. AAA-CGG-TTA B. AAT-CGG-TTT C. AAA-CCG-TTT D. AAA-GGG-TTT E. AAA-CCC-TTT 15. If the triplet UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine in bacteria, then in plants UUU should code for A. phenylalanine B. leucine C. valine D. cystine E. proline 16. What is the anticodon part of? A. DNA B. trna C. mrna D. a ribosome E. an activating enzyme 17. What does transformation involve in bacteria? A. the creation of a strand of DNA from an RNA molecule B. the creation of a strand of RNA from a DNA molecule C. the infection of cells by a phage DNA molecule D. the type of semi conservative replication shown by DNA E. adding of external DNA into a cell

5 5 18. Which of the following elements are not present in DNA? A. oxygen B. nitrogen C. carbon D. sulfur E. phosphorus 19. What kind of chemical bonds are formed between paired bases of the DNA double helix? A. hydrogen B. ionic C. covalent D. sulfhydryl E. phosphate 20. The primer that initiates synthesis of a new DNA lagging strand is usually A. a thymine dimmer B. DNA C. an Okazaki fragment D. RNA E. a structural protein 21. Which of the following is a true statement about viruses? A. Viruses are classified below the cellular level of biological organization and considered non-living. B. A single virus particle contains both DNA and RNA. C. Even small virus particles are visible with light microscopes. 22. Double-stranded viruses can reproduce the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle. Which of the following is characteristic of the lytic cycle? A. Many bacterial cells containing viral DNA are produced. B. Viral DNA is incorporated into the host chromosomes. C. The viral genome replicates without destroying the host. D. A large number of phages are released at a time with a short period of time between exposure and symptoms.

6 6 23. What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses? A. hydrolyzes the host cell's DNA B. uses viral RNA as a template for DNA production C. converts host cell RNA into viral DNA D. translates viral RNA into proteins 24. What is the genetic function of restriction enzyme? A. joins nucleotides during replication B. joins nucleotides during transcription C. cuts nucleic acids at specific sites D. adds new nucleotides to the growing strand of DNA 25. The restriction enzyme used in constructing hybrid molecules of certain gene sequences and plasmid DNA acts by A. opening DNA molecules at specific sites, leaving sticky ends exposed. B. sealing plasmid DNA and foreign DNA into a closed circle. C. transcribing plasmid DNA into a transformed molecule. D. allowing a hybrid plasmid DNA into a transformed molecule. 26. What two enzymes are needed to produce recombinant DNA? A. endonuclease, transcriptase B. restriction enzyme, ligase C. polymerase, ligase 27. Bacteria containing recombinant plasmids are often identified by which process? A. examining the cells with an electron microscope B. using radioactive tracers to locate the plasmids C. exposing the bacteria to an antibiotic that kills the cells lacking the plasmid D. removing the DNA of all cells in a culture to see which cells have plasmids 28. Griffith s studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae A. showed that DNA is the genetic material of bacteria B. showed that DNA is the genetic material of bacteriophages C. demonstrated the phenomenon of bacterial transformation D. proved that prokaryotes reproduce sexually E. proved that protein is not the genetic material

7 7 29. Which of the following is identified as purines? A. A and T B. C and G C. A and G D. T and C E. A and C 30. Which of the following does not occur during DNA replication? A. unwinding of the parent double helix B. formation of short pieces that are connected by DNA ligase C. complementary base paring D. use of a primer E. polymerization in the 3 to 5 direction 31. Which of the following is not a difference between RNA and DNA? A. RNA has uracil; DNA has thymine B. RNA has ribose; DNA has deoxyribose C. RNA has five bases; DNA has four D. RNA is a single polynucleotide strand; DNA is a double strand E. RNA is relatively smaller then human chromosomal DNA 32. Restriction enzymes A. play no role in bacteria B. cut DNA at highly specific recognition sequences C. are inserted into bacteria by bacteriophage D. are made only by eukaryotic cells E. add methyl groups to specific DNA sequences 33. All protein sequences begin with A. the initiation sequence of AUG which codes for Lysol B. the initiation sequence of AUG which codes for Methionine C. the origin of replication D. the initiation sequence of UAA which codes for Methionine

8 8 34. UGA is a code sequence for A. Haltazine which terminates the protein construction B. Isoleucine C. Glycine D. there is no amino acid for this sequence 35) What is the waxy coating found on the terrestrial plant? a) Cuticle b) Epidermis c) Waxy Mesophyll d) Nail bed 36) What behavior is identified when a Venus Fly Trap catches a fly? a) Positive Hydrotropism b) Negative Hydrotropism c) Positive Thigmotropism d) Negative Thigmotropism True (A) or False (B) 37) Most C-3 plants are also considered CAM plants 38) Most C-4 plants are considered CAM plants 39) Most CAM plants are considered C-4 plants 40) Guard cells function based on turgor pressure inside the cell 41) The spongy Mesophyll has chloroplast in it

9 9 42) Which of the following is considered to be the main photosynthetic collector of the plant? a) Malic acid b) Stromata c) Chloroplast d) Guard cell Please identify the different types of leaf margins: 43) Smooth margins 44) Toothed margin 45) Lobed margin A. B. C.

10 10 Please identify the following as either a monocot or a dicot. A. Monocot B. Dicot 46) Parallel veins 47) Lobed margins 48) Petals divisible by 4 or 5 49) Smooth margins 50) Compound leaves 51) Tap root A. Parallel venation B. Pinnately venated 52). C. Alternate pinnately venated D. Netted venated 53).

11 11 54) Which of the following tropic responses is represented by plants growing toward the sky? a. Negative Phototropism b. Positive Geotropism c. Positive Phototropism d. Negative Geotropism 55) What structure regulates transpiration? a. Stoma b. Bundle sheath c. Spongy Mesophyll d. Guard cell e. Vein 56) Which of the following tropic responses is represented by sun flowers tracking the sun across the sky during the day? a. Negative Phototropism b. Positive Geotropism c. Positive Phototropism d. Negative Geotropism 57) Which of the following tropic responses is represented by roots growing into the soil? a. Negative Phototropism b. Positive Geotropism c. Positive Phototropism d. Negative Geotropism

12 12 58) The Christmas cactus, also known as the poinsettia, express the tropic behavior of? when the plant is brought to market in November as we décor our business, homes and worship centers with the colourful red and white leaves. a. Negative Phototropism b. Positive Geotropism c. Positive Phototropism d. Negative Geotropism 59) Which of the following tropic responses is represented by the roots of trees breaking into the sewer lines of your home? As a result you end up with a sewer back-up into your house! a. Positive Hydrotropism b. Negative Hydrotropism c. Positive Thigmotropism d. Negative Thigmotropism 60) Which of the following tropic responses is represented by the tendril wrapping around a fence, branch or burrowing into mortar in order to position the leaf to capture as much light as possible. a. Positive Hydrotropism b. Negative Hydrotropism c. Positive Thigmotropism d. Negative Thigmotropism 61) Wind pollinated plants would be identified by the position of the.. a. Anthers above the stigma b. Anther below the ovary c. Petals surrounding the anthers d. Petals surrounding the sepal e. Anther below the stigma

13 13 62) The pollen tube is found inside which structure? a. Sepal b. Style c. Stigma d. Filament 63) Why is a particular flower considered to be a superior ovary? a. The ovary in this plant is considered to be the MOST important structure b. The position of the flower is above the ovary c. The position of the ovary is above the sepal 64) Which of the following is considered the responsibility of protecting the flowers reproductive components? a. Receptacle b. Anther c. Petals d. Stigma 65) What structure is responsible for holding up the anther? a. Sepal b. Style c. Stigma d. Filament 66) Which of the following is a collective term for the male reproductive structures? a. Pistil b. Stamen c. Stigma d. Anther e. Ovule

14 14 67) Vector pollinated plants would be identified by the position of the. a. Anthers above the stigma b. Anther below the ovary c. Petals surrounding the anthers d. Petals surrounding the sepal e. Anther below the stigma 68) Which of the following is a collective term for the female reproductive structures? a. Pistil b. Stamen c. Stigma d. Anther e. Ovule Please use the following diagram to answer the Questions #35-37 A. B. C. D. E 69) Xylem 70) Palisade Mesophyll 71) Spongy Mesophyll

15 15 72). In the following photo, this is a cross-section of a A. Monocot B. Dicot 73) Which plant hormone is responsible for vertical growth? a. Auxins b. Cytokinins c. Gibberellins d. Ethylene gas 74) Which plant hormone is responsible for lateral growth of terminal buds above ground? a. Auxins b. Cytokinins c. Gibberellins d. Ethylene gas 75) Which plant hormone is responsible for lateral growth of terminal buds of roots? a. Auxins b. Cytokinins c. Gibberellins d. Ethylene gas

16 16 76) Which plant hormone is responsible for the initiation of germination? a. Auxins b. Cytokinins c. Gibberellins d. Ethylene gas 77) Which plant hormone is responsible for speeding up the ripening of fruit? a. Auxins b. Cytokinins c. Gibberellins d. Ethylene gas 78) Which plant hormone is responsible for positive phototropic behavior? a. Auxins b. Cytokinins c. Gibberellins d. Ethylene gas 79) What determines when a tree begins to drop its leaves on fall and begin to bud out in spring? a. Stable temperatures b. Duration of light c. Availability of water 80) Flowering plants would belong to a. Angiosperms b. Gymnosperms c. Succulents d. Epiphytes

17 17 81) Plants that are nonvascular plants would be considered to be a. Angiosperms b. Gymnosperms c. Succulents d. Bryophytes 82) Plants that would bear fruit would be considered to be a. Angiosperms b. Gymnosperms c. Succulents d. Epiphytes 83) Liverworts would be considered to belong to a. Angiosperms b. Gymnosperms c. Succulents d. Bryophytes 84) Monocots and dicots (eudicots) are classifications only used with a. Angiosperms b. Gymnosperms c. Succulents d. Epiphytes 85) Cone barring plants will belong to a. Angiosperms b. Gymnosperms c. Succulents d. Epiphytes

18 18 86) Plants that are considered naked seeds belong to a. Angiosperms b. Gymnosperms c. Succulents d. Epiphytes 87) What type of plant would be found in extreme arid climates? a. Angiosperms b. Gymnosperms c. Succulents d. Epiphytes 88) Spanish moss found in the south eastern United States near heavy humidity and swamp lands would be classified as a. Angiosperms b. Gymnosperms c. Succulents d. Epiphytes 89) C-3 plants a. Are better suited for environments where the concentration of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide are in adequate quantities. b. Are better suited for hot, dry environments as well as higher altitudes by escorting Carbon dioxide and restriction of Oxygen to the Calvin cycle c. Due to arid conditions, open the stoma during the night to exchange gases and close during the day in attempt to restrict unnecessary transpiration. d. Due to arid conditions, open the stoma during the day to exchange gases and close during the nighty in attempt to restrict unnecessary transpiration.

19 19 90) C-4 plants a. Are better suited for environments where the concentration of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide are in adequate quantities. b. Are better suited for hot, dry environments as well as higher altitudes by escorting Carbon dioxide and restriction of Oxygen to the Calvin cycle c. Due to arid conditions, open the stoma during the night to exchange gases and close during the day in attempt to restrict unnecessary transpiration. d. Due to arid conditions, open the stoma during the day to exchange gases and close during the nighty in attempt to restrict unnecessary transpiration. 91) CAM plants a. Are better suited for environments where the concentration of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide are in adequate quantities. b. Are better suited for hot, dry environments as well as higher altitudes by escorting Carbon dioxide and restriction of Oxygen to the Calvin cycle c. Due to arid conditions, open the stoma during the night to exchange gases and close during the day in attempt to restrict unnecessary transpiration. d. Due to arid conditions, open the stoma during the day to exchange gases and close during the nighty in attempt to restrict unnecessary transpiration. 92) What structure regulates gas movement in and out of the leaf? a. Stoma b. Bundle sheath c. Spongy Mesophyll d. Guard cell e. Vein 93) Which of the following does NOT aid in water transported through the plant by a. Psi values at the tip of the root b. Adhesion and cohesion through the xylem c. Phloem construction within the bark d. Transpiration through the stoma

20 20 Please use the following diagram to answer questions #60-61 B. A. D. E. C. 94) Which of the following is considered the sepal? 95) Which of the following is considered the filament? Please use the following diagram to answer questions #62-63 A. B. C. D. 96) A modified leaf used in attracting pollinating vectors and protecting the reproductive organs 97) The stigma