Chapter 8: Plant Organs: Leaves
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1 Leaf Form & Function Chapter 8: Plant Organs: Leaves Leaves are the most variable Composed of a and a May have (pair of leaf like outgrowths at petiole) : having a single blade : having a blade divided into 2 or more leaflets leaflets are borne on an axis that is a continuation of petiole leaflets arise from a common point at the end of the petiole Look for axillary bud to determine of a leaf is simple or compound Leaflets don t have axillary buds
2 Leaves are arranged on the stem in 3 ways 1. Leaf arrangement one leaf at each node (node where leaf attaches on stem) 2. Leaf arrangement two leaves grow at each node 3. Leaf arrangement three or more leaves grow at each node Leaf blades may have parallel or netted venation venation veins run parallel to one another along the leaf s long axis venation smaller and smaller veins branch off larger veins (resembles a net) netted veins branch off mid vein netted (veins come from one point)
3 Main organs for Absorb to produce molecules Allows exchange For as well as Internal Structure of the Leaf Leaf Blade has an & epidermis Epidermis contains a (waxy excretion) that helps reduce water loss Epidermis contains & small pores for gas exchange open & close the stomata When photosynthesis is occurring, guard cells inflate & stoma When guard cells deflate, stoma Epidermis of some leaves have structures Aid in reducing May secrete irritants that animals from feeding on them
4 photosynthetic ground tissue Tissue between & epidermis mesophyll columnar cells (tightly stacked) are found towards the upper epidermis mesophyll loosely arranged cells in the lower portion (more gas exchange) Vascular bundles contain & tissues within the usually located on the upper side of vein usually located on the lower side of the vein Monocot vs. Eudicots Eudicots contain, blades & petioles Venation Monocots contain a petiole, Some contain no (leaf wraps around stem for form a sheath) venation Some monocots don t have distinct & layer Eudicot guard cells are shaped Monocot guard cells are shaped
5 Transpiration of the water that a plant absorbs from the soil is lost by from leaves & stems loss of water vapor from a plant s aerial parts Specialized Leaves Leaf are to different environmental pressures modified leaves that are hard and pointed, found in many desert plants such as cacti modified leaves associated with flowers (look like petals) modified leaves that help keep the vine attached to objects store water, carbohydrates, or other nutrients thicker or leathery leaves, fewer stomata, succulent leaves; no leaves; hairs; thicker cuticles less xylem than phloem; larger air spaces become symbiotic pouches where ants live leaves are buried in sand with transparent tips exposed; adaptation for high, sandy wind
6 leaves of some ferns & air plants that produce new plant at tips in areas with deficiency of Nitrogen in soil Trap & digest Plant can still Pitcher Plant - collect, glands attract that get trapped inside Sundews - contain at tip of hair to insects Venus Fly Trap - need to be triggered to close in
7 Review Questions 1. Draw diagrams of a simple pinnately netted, simple palmately netted, compound pinnate, compound palmate, and parallel leaf. Label the blade, petiole, leaflet, and leaf 2. Draw an alternate, opposite, and whorled leaf arrangement 3. What are the main functions of leaves? 4. Use the picture below to label: upper & lower epidermis; stoma, guard cells; xylem, phloem, bundle sheath; vascular bundle; palisade mesophyll, and spongy mesophyll
8 5. What is the function of o Stoma: o Guard Cell: o Mesophyll Cells o Phloem and Xylem o Trichomes o Transpiration 5. Name some ways to distinguish a monocot from a eudicot using leaf shape & vein, guard cell shape, and mesophyll arrangement. 6. Describe each leaf modifications and the significance of the adaptation: o Spines o Bracts o Tendrils o Storage leaves
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