Monday, May 22 nd. Agenda Review exemption Policy 2. Look at the week (exam schedule) Work on semester review

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1 Monday, May 22 nd Exemption Policy No more than 5 absences (regardless of reason). No placement in ISS, OSS or CMLC. Minimal class grade of 80, in grade book, 85 with quality points Must pass EOC test. Agenda Review exemption Policy 2. Look at the week (exam schedule) Work on semester review G School related absence S School Related Field Trip P Present M Medical Appt. Returned to school C College Visit R Religious Holiday

2 SPRING EXAM TEST REVIEW

3 Cellular Respiration 1. In the diagram above, which of the following describes the process that occurs in structure A? Cellular Respiration This process breaks down Glucose to release Energy and. CO2 and H2O 2. Based on the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, one can say that the ultimate original source of energy for all living things on Earth is. Sun 3. The two stages of photosynthesis are Light Dependent and. Light Independent (Calvin-Cycle)

4 4. Energy conversion within an animal cell would be severely limited by removal of the cell s Mitochondria Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following compounds: l. H 2 O ll. CO 2 lll. C 6 H 12 O 6 lv. O 2 I, II 5. Reactants that are needed for photosynthesis include. III, IV 6. Reactants that are needed for aerobic cellular respiration include.

5 7. According to the diagram, Product 1 is CO2 and produced during Respiration in the frog. Product 2 is O2 and produced during Photosynthesis in the tree.

6 8. Lactic Acid fermentation happens when there is no Oxygen present for the continued breakdown of glucose into ATP. 9. Light Energy is converted to chemical energy through the process of. Photosynthesis 10. Because of photosynthesis the atmosphere is rich in. Oxygen 11. If cyclins fail to regulate the timing of the cell cycle, then Cancer occurs. 12. Label the stages of Mitosis on the diagram. These images are not shown in the correct order. Anaphase Metaphase Prophase Telophase List the letters, A-D indicating the correct order of the events of mitosis. C, B, A, D

7 13. Create a complementary strand for the following DNA sequence: 3 ACCTGACA What type of cells is produced in meiosis? 4 Unique Gametes (Sex Cells) 15. What is the final result of mitosis? 2 Identical Daughter Cells 5 TGGACTGT3 16. List the four steps for DNA replication. DNA Unwinds a. Hydrogen bonds between nucleotides are broken (DNA Unzips) b. New nucleotides match up with template strand c. 2 new double helices are formed d.

8 17. In DNA, what nitrogen base pairs with: a. Adenine? Thymine b. Cytosine? Guanine 18. What is the monomer of nucleic acids? Nucleotides 19. What is the function of: a. DNA helicase? Unzip DNA double helix b. DNA polymerase? Add complementary nucleotides to template strand and checks for correct matching 20. List the four stages of Mitosis in order. 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase

9 21. The DNA of a koala bear and a gorilla differ in the sequence of their nitrogenous bases. The sequence of the bases in DNA is responsible for what? Determining the characteristics of a koala bear or a gorilla 22. Gel electrophoresis is a technique used by scientists to analyze DNA sequences. List three or four things this process can be used for more specifically. DNA Forensics, Paternity Evolutionary Relationships

10 23. A model of a DNA molecule is shown below. Circle and name the component of DNA that is referred to as the genetic code? Nitrogen Bases 24. A mutation that can be inherited by offspring would result from the change to what of the parent? A Change in the gamete s genetic information.

11 25. The diagram above represents a process that occurs during normal human development. This process, known as cell differentiation, is most directly regulated by DNA 26. The diagram below shows a normal gene sequence of DNA, and three possible mutations of that sequence. Identify the three types of mutations. Mutation 1 Insertion Mutation 2 Substitution Mutation 3 Deletion

12 26.Which of these changes to the DNA triplet 3 GAG 5 will affect the protein produced? GAG mrna= CUC amino acid = leucine AAT GTG GAC AAC ACA GAT mrna UUA CAC CUG UUA UGU CUA AA leucine histidine leucine leucine cysteine leucine

13 26.Which of these changes to the DNA triplet 3 GAG 5 will affect the protein produced? GAG mrna= CUC amino acid = leucine AAT GTG GAC AAC ACA GAT

14 27. GFP, green fluorescent protein, is coded for on a gene found in certain bioluminescent jellyfish. Scientists can now insert this gene into mice and other animals which will cause them to glow. This technique is an example of Genetic Modification (Genetic Engineering) 3 T A G C C A A A G G G C A T T Create the messenger RNA strand is complementary to the DNA strand? 5 A U C G G U U U C C C G U A A 3 29.The DNA sequence undergoes the following changes: TAGCCAAAGGGCATT TAGCGAAAGGGCATT What type of mutation is represented? Substitution

15 30. Describe the movement of water in the picture above. What type of solution was this cell placed in: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic? A high solute concentration outside the cell causes water to move out of the cell. The water moves from higher concentration to lower concentration. There is a higher solute concentration outside the cell that sucks out the water. Therefore, the solute concentration outside the cell is higher and this is a hypertonic solution. 31. Cells must constantly respond to a changing environment in order to maintain homeostasis, which includes maintaining water balance within the cell. Name the process of the movement of water from a high concentration of water to a low concentration of water. Osmosis 32.Damage to which cell structure would directly disrupt cellular processes such as diffusion and osmosis? Cell Membrane (plasma Membrane) 33. Name the types of passive transports in cells. Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion

16 34. Which type of solution would cause water to enter a plant cell by osmosis resulting in higher turgor pressure? Hypotonic 35. When you drop blue food coloring into a pitcher of water and let it sit for a while the entire pitcher will turn blue. What process causes the water to turn blue? Diffusion 36. Name the two most prominent biomolecules that make up the cell membrane. Lipids and Proteins 37. Plant Structures: a. List the following plant structures in order from least complex to most complex: tree, leaf, ground tissue, cell Cell, Tissue, Leaf, Tree b. Explain what structures are found in the roots system and in the shoots system. Roots xylem & Phloem tissue; root hairs to increase surface area for the absorption of water Shoot system *stems*, leaves and reproductive structures (flowers, cones or spores)

17 c. What is the function of the roots of plants? What is the process by which water enters the roots called? Water absorption, Support, Storage d. Why do Venus fly traps have to eat insects? They live in nutrient poor spoil (Nitrogen) 38. Transpiration a. Watch this transpiration review video: b. What is transpiration? How does this occur? What plant structures are involved in transpiration? Transpiration is the evaporation of water out of the stomata of the plant Creats a pull of water molecules up the xylem tissue in the plant stem all the way to the roots (cohesion/adhesion) and the flow of water into the roots by osmosis Roots, stems, leaves, stomata c. What are the cells surrounding the stomata of a plant called? Guard Cells Osmosis d. How do stomata play a role in the process of transpiration? Stomata regulate the amount of water that is allowed to leave the plant and effects the amount of water that enters the roots

18 39. Plant Reproduction: a. Label the flower below. Which structures produce gametes? Stigma Anther Stamen Pistil Style Ovary b. Name two types of plants that produce pollen: Filament Petal Sepal Stem angiosperms & gymnosperms c. What do ferns need to reproduce: water d. What is the difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms? Flowers/Cones e. How do angiosperms benefit from colorful petals? Attract Pollinators

19 40. Hormones and Tropisms a. What causes tropisms? Hormones b. Explain the following tropisms: i. Thigmotropism Response to touch ii. Phototropism iii. Hydrotropism Response to light Response to water iv. Geotropism- Response to gravity (Also called gravitropism)

20 41. Red blood cells contain a protein known as hemoglobin. Hemoglobin has the ability to bind both oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. This protein most likely helps the body to perform which function? (this functions is carried out by the respiratory system) Gas exchange in the lungs 42. What type of cell does HIV bind to in our immune system? Helper T Cells 43. Clostridium botulinum is a bacterium that causes severe food poisoning. How do bacteria cause disease? Secreting toxins into the bloodstream 44. What role do enzymes play within biological systems? Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions inside cells. Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 Enzyme 4 Pyruvate -> Acetyl-CoA -> Citrate -> Isocitrate -> α-ketoglutarate 45. If Enzyme 3 is denatured (above), the levels of which substance will increase? Citrate

21 46. How are bacterial infections treated (what kind of medicine is taken)?? Antibiotics 47. The diagram displays the interactions of which two systems involved in working together to provide body cells with a constant supply of oxygen while removing carbon dioxide waste products? Respiratory and circulatory

22 48. The cells shown above rely on electrical impulses to relay messages throughout the body. To which body system do these cells most likely belong? Nervous