Elements, Compounds & Mixtures Worksheet

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1 Elements, Compounds & Mixtures Worksheet Part 1: Read the following information on elements, compounds and mixtures. Fill in the blanks where necessary. Elements: A pure substance containing only one kind of. An element is always uniform all the way through (homogeneous). An element be separated into simpler materials (except during nuclear reactions). Over 100 existing elements are listed and classified on the. Compounds: A pure substance containing two or more kinds of. The atoms are combined in some way. Often times (but not always) they come together to form groups of atoms called molecules. A compound is always homogeneous (uniform). Compounds be separated by physical means. Separating a compound requires a chemical reaction. The properties of a compound are usually different than the properties of the elements it contains. Mixtures: Two or more or NOT chemically combined. No reaction between substances. Mixtures can be uniform (called ) and are known as solutions. Mixtures can also be non-uniform (called ). Mixtures can be separated into their components by chemical or physical means. The properties of a mixture are similar to the properties of its components. Part 3: Match each diagram with its correct description. Diagrams will be used once. A B C D E 1. Pure Element only one type of atom present. 2. Mixture of two elements two types of uncombined atoms present. 3. Pure compound only one type of compound present. 4. Mixture of two compounds two types of compounds present. 5. Mixture of a compound and an element.

2 Name Date Period Reinforcement Worksheet Organic Compounds KEY CONCEPT: Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life. Carbon atoms are the basis of most molecules that make up living things. Many carbon-based molecules are large molecules called polymers that are made of many smaller, repeating molecules called monomers. There are four main types of carbon-based molecules in living things. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches, and are often broken down as a source of chemical energy for cells. Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure, such as cellulose, which makes up plant cell walls. Lipids include fats and oils and, like carbohydrates, are often broken down as a source of chemical energy for cells. One type of lipid, called a phospholipid, makes up most of all cell membranes. Proteins have a large number of structures and functions. Some proteins are needed for muscle movement; another protein, called hemoglobin, transports oxygen in blood. Another type of proteins, called enzymes, speed up chemical reactions in cells. Nucleic acids are molecules that store genetic information and build proteins. DNA stores genetic information in cells, and RNA helps to build the proteins for which DNA codes. Type of Molecule Functions Example Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid The prefix mono- means one and the prefix poly- means many. How are these meanings related to the terms monomer and polymer? Write your own analogy for the formation of a polymer from monomers.

3 Enzyme Worksheet 1. What are enzymes made of? (circle correct answer) Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic acids 2. What do enzymes do? 3. Explain what takes place in each step of the diagram: 4. What 2 environmental conditions can affect the activity of an enzyme? & 5. What is the optimal ph that this enzyme functions at? 6. What is the optimal temperature that this enzyme functions at? 7. What happens when the ph is 2? 10. What is the optimal ph for Intestinal Protease? 11. What is the optimal ph for Gastric Protease? 12. Which enzyme works best in a very acidic environment?

4 Carbon Cycle 1. Why is Carbon important? 2. What are seven places that carbon exists? 3. How does carbon enter the biotic part of the ecosystem, namely plants from the atmosphere? 4. How does it enter the soil? 5. How does carbon enter water? How do aquatic plants get carbon? 6. How do animals get carbon? 7. What is combustion, and how does it affect the carbon cycle? 8. How does deforestation affect the carbon cycle? 9. Draw and Label the Carbon Cycle

5 Overview of Photosynthesis Review Worksheet KEY CONCEPT: The overall process of photosynthesis produces sugars that store chemical energy. MAIN IDEA: Photosynthesis in plants occurs in chloroplasts. 1. What three things are reactants (are used) in the photosynthetic process? 2. What two substances are products (get made) in the photosynthetic process? 3. There are two phases in photosynthesis. List them. 4. The light-dependent reactions use and. The water is obtained through the. 5. The light-dependent reactions produce and energy. The oxygen leaves the leaf through the. 6. The light-dependent reactions happen in the of the chloroplast. 7. The Calvin cycle uses the energy from the light reactions, as well as the input of. The big product of following the Calvin cycle is, which has the chemical formula C 6 H 12 O The Calvin cycle happens in the of the chloroplast. 9. Write the complete balanced equation for photosynthesis. Label each molecule with its name.

6 10. What is the primary pigment responsible for absorbing the light energy for photosynthesis? The diagram below may help you with the following questions. 11. Gas exchange is necessary for photosynthesis. How does carbon dioxide gas get in and oxygen gas get out of the leaves? 12. What layers of cells in the leaf perform photosynthesis? 13. Chlorophyll is contained in disc-shaped structures in the chloroplasts called. A stack of these discs is called a.

7 Name Date Period Overview of Cellular Respiration and Fermentation KEY CONCEPT The overall process of cellular respiration converts sugar into ATP using oxygen. MAIN IDEA: Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars. 1. What is function of cellular respiration? 2. Does glucose actually react with oxygen during cellular respiration? Explain MAIN IDEA: Cellular respiration is like a mirror image of photosynthesis. 3. In what two ways does cellular respiration seem to be the opposite of photosynthesis? 4. Write the chemical equation for the overall process of cellular respiration. Explain what the equation means. Identify the reactants, products, and the meaning of the several arrows. 5. The prefix glyco- comes from a Greek word that means sweet. The suffix -lysis comes from a Greek word that means to loosen. How are the meanings of these word parts related to the meaning of glycolysis? 6. What does it mean to say that glycolysis is an anaerobic process?

8 KEY CONCEPT Fermentation allows the production of a small amount of ATP without oxygen. When oxygen is not available in cells, fermentation takes place instead. Fermentation is an anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue, but does not produce ATP on its own. The main function of fermentation is to remove electrons from molecules of NADH, the energy-carrier produced by glycolysis, to form NAD+. The molecules of NAD+ are recycled to glycolysis, which can continue to produce a small amount of ATP without oxygen. There are two main types of fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation: Pyruvate and NADH from glycolysis enter the fermentation process. Energy from the NADH molecules is used to convert pyruvate into lactic acid. NADH molecules are converted into NAD+ molecules that are recycled to glycolysis to pick up more electrons. This type of fermentation occurs in many types of cells, including human muscle cells. Alcoholic fermentation: Like lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate and NADH from glycolysis enter fermentation. Energy from NADH is used to break down pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide. NADH molecules are converted into NAD+ molecules that are recycled to glycolysis. Alcoholic fermentation is used by many types of yeast. Both types of fermentation are used in various commercial processes. Lactic acid fermentation is used to make yogurt. Alcoholic fermentation is used to make dough rise. 1. What is the function of fermentation? 2. When does fermentation take place in your muscle cells? 3. How is fermentation involved in the production of ATP? 4. How are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation similar? different? 5. Name a commercial use of fermentation. 6. The term fermentation is based on a word that means to bubble. How is this meaning related to your understanding of the fermentation process?

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