Kingdom: Plantae. Domain Archaea. Domain Eukarya. Domain Bacteria. Common ancestor

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1 Kingdom: Plantae Domain Eukarya Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Common ancestor

2 The First Plants For more than 3 billion years, Earth s terrestrial surface was lifeless life evolved in the seas 1st photosynthetic organisms were aquatic green algae Chlamydomonas

3 Present Day Relatives to Ancient Plants Chara Spirogyra Protists Coleochaete Volvox

4 Evolution of Land Plants 500 mya land plants evolved special adaptations for life on dry land protection from drying = desiccation waxy cuticle gas exchange (through cuticle) stomates water & nutrient conducting systems xylem & phloem protection for embryo seeds

5 Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants mosses Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants ferns Gymnosperm pollen & naked seeds conifers pollen & seeds Angiosperm flowers & fruit flowering plants flowers vascular system = water conduction Tracheophytes colonization of land Ancestral Protist xylem cells = tracheids

6 Animal vs. Plant Life Cycle Animal Plant mitosis diploid multicellular individual 2n meiosis diploid multicellular sporophyte mitosis 2n zygote 2n fertilization meiosis zygote 2n gametes 1n spores 1n fertilization haploid unicellular gametes 1n no multicellular haploid mitosis haploid multicellular gametophyte 1n mitosis alternation of generations

7 First Land Plants Bryophytes: mosses & liverworts non-vascular no water transport system no true roots swimming sperm haploid diploid flagellated sperm life cycle dominated by haploid gametophyte stage fuzzy moss plant you are familiar with is haploid spores for reproduction haploid cells which sprout to form gametophyte

8 Bryophytes: Mosses & Liverworts

9 Peat Bog Peat Moss

10 Pteridophytes: ferns vascular First Vascular Plants water transport system xylem, phloem, roots, leaves swimming sperm flagellated sperm life cycle dominated by sporophyte stage leafy fern plant you are familiar with is diploid fragile independent gametophyte spores for reproduction haploid cells which sprout to form gametophyte haploid diploid

11 Pteridophytes: Ferns Selaginella Psilotum Horsetails Ferns

12 Alternation of Generations Fern gametophyte (1n) small haploid plant which produces gametes homospory: male & female on same plant archegonia antheridia

13 Alternation of Generations diploid produces male & female gametes archegonia haploid antheridia

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15 Early Pteridophytes: Tree Ferns Fossil fuels I get it! Carboniferous forest mya Forests of seedless plants decayed into deposits of coal & oil

16 Pteridophytes: Tree ferns fiddleheads fronds With fronds like these who needs enemies!

17 First Seed Plants Gymnosperm: conifers vascular heterospory male vs. female gametophytes seeds naked seeds (no fruit) pollen contain male gametophyte life cycle dominated by sporophyte stage coniferous trees you are familiar with are diploid reduced (microscopic) gametophyte reduction of gametophyte protects delicate egg & embryo in protective sporophyte

18 Early Gymnosperm: Ginkgo

19 Early Gymnosperm: Cycads

20 Gymnosperm: Conifers

21 Cones & Naked Seeds

22 sporangium & pollen male (pollen) cones male female pine embryo

23 Pollen eliminated the requirement for water for fertilization spread through wind & animal Pollen

24 First Flowering Plants Angiosperm: flowering plants vascular heterospory male vs. female gametophytes flower specialized structure for sexual reproduction seeds within fruit pollen life cycle dominated by sporophyte stage trees & bushes you are familiar with are diploid reduced (microscopic) gametophyte

25 Angiosperm: Flowering Plants

26 Angiosperm Life Cycle polar nuclei male gametophyte = pollen grain (haploid) pollen grains egg cell ovary sac female gametophyte = ovary sac (haploid) sperm nuclei travel down pollen tube 3n endosperm 2n zygote double fertilization 2n embryo new sporophyte in seed (diploid)

27 Stamen Petal Flower Modified shoot with 4 rings of modified leaves sepals petals stamens male carpel female Anther Filament Stigma Style Ovary sepals petals stamens Carpel Sepal Ovule carpel adaptations through mutations

28 Identify the flower structures

29 Flower Variations

30 Co-evolution: Flowers & Pollinators How a bee sees a flower insects see UV light = a bulls-eye to the nectar

31 Angiosperm: Fruiting Plants

32 Other Fruits

33 Seed offers Seed & Plant Embryo protection for embryo stored nutrients for growth of embryo endosperm (3n) cotyledons embryo (2n) seed coat cotyledons = seed leaves, first leaves of new plant

34 Monocots & Dicots Angiosperm are divide into 2 classes dicots (eudicot) 2 cotyledons (seed leaves) leaves with network of veins woody plants, trees, shrubs, beans monocots 1 cotyledon leaves with parallel veins grasses, palms, lilies

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