Part-A. B.Sc. (Program) Life Science Sem-II Botany Core Paper Plant Ecology and Taxonomy. Give critical account on.

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1 Part-A B.Sc. (Program) Life Science Sem-II Botany Core Paper Plant Ecology and Taxonomy Give critical account on Temperature as an ecological factor Light as an ecological factor Soil profile Thermal stratification in water bodies. Shelford law of tolerance Raunkiaer s life forms. Different forms of water present in soil. Structure of ecosystem Write Short Notes Gravitational water Capillary water Hygroscopic water Field capacity Water holding capacity Runway water Heliophytes Sciophytes Metalimnion Epilimnion Hypoliminion Biotic community Physiognomy Edaphic factors Ecotone Edge effect 1

2 Succession Halosere Hydrosere Lithosere Ecesis Nudation Climax community Homeostasis Trophic level Endemism Phytogeography Differentiate Between Capillary water v/s Hygroscopic water Gravitational water v/s Runway water Heliophytes v/s sciophytes Epilimnion v/s Hypolimnion Primary v/s Secondary succession Autotrophic v/s Heterotrophic succession Autogenic v/s Allogenic succession Producer v/s Consumer Primary consumer v/s Secondary consumer Food chain v/s Food web Grazing food chain v/s detritus food chain Artificial and Natural ecosystem Pyramids of number v/s Biomass v/s energy Paleoendemic v/s neondemics Give the correct term 1. The Thin top layer on the earth s crust comprising rock particles mixed with organic matter 2. The study of soils in their natural environment is called 2

3 3. The relative content of particles of various sizes, such as sand, silt and clay determine 4. A very thin film of water around the soil particle which is not available to the plant is called 5. The Middle layer of the lake, characterized by a temperature gradient more than per meter of depth is called 6. The transition zone between to communities or biomes is called 7. The phenomenon of increased variety of plants as well as animals at the community junction is called 8. The series of changes in an ecosystem when are community is replaced by another community as a result of changes in biotic and biotic factors- 9. Interconnected feeding relationships of organisms in an ecosystem- 10. The system resulting from the integration of all the living and non-living factors of the environment- 11. Tendency of a biological system to resist change and to maintain itself in a state of stable equilibrium- 12. Functional levels of an organism in any food chain- 13. The process of soil formation as regulated by the effects of place, environment, and history. 14. A vertical section of the soil that depicts all of its horizons- 15. A layer of soil generally parallel to the soil crust, whose physical characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath. 16. The relative proportion of mineral particles of different sizes present in the soil determines- 17. Water held very tightly by the soil particles, so that it is unavailable to plants in amounts sufficient for them to survive The form of water in the soil available for plants- 19. Free water that moves through the soil due to the force of gravity. 20. Total amount of water present in the water- 21. In a parasitic food chain the pyramid of number is always 22. In grassland and forest ecosystem the pyramid of biomass is is a combination of the external appearance of vegetation, its vertical structure and the growth form of the dominant taxa. 24. The physical and chemical breakdown of rocks and its component at and below Earth s surface. 3

4 Answers 1. Soil 2. Pedology. 3. Soil texture. 4. Hydroscopic water 5. Thermocline 6. Ecotone. 7. Edge effect 8. Succession 9. Food web 10. Ecosystem 11. Homeostasis 12. Trophic levels 13. Pedogenesis 14. Soil profile 15. Soil horizon 16. Soil texture 17. Hygroscopic water 18. Capillary water 19. Gravitational water 20. Holard 21. Inverted 22. Upright 23. Physiognomy 24. Weathering Q&A 1. What is soil weathering? Explain different physical, chemical and biological process responsible for soil weathering. 2. What is physiognomy? Describe various life forms of vegetation proposed by Raunkiaer on physiognomic basis. 3. What is succession? List the processes involved in succession of typical hydrosere. 4. Describe various analytical quantitative characters used to study a community. 5. Describe various analytical qualitative characters used to study a community. 4

5 6. What is food chain? Describe with a suitable example. 7. What is biogeochemical cycle? Briefly describe the nitrogen phosphorous cycle in the ecosystem. 8. What is phytogeography? Describe Botanical provinces of India. Part B Give detailed account on Taxonomic hierarchy Typification Author citation Valid publications Rejection of names Principle of priority and its limitations Principles of ICN Contribution of de Candolle Family Write Short Notes Herbarium Botanical gardens Flora eflora Flagged hierarchy Nomenclatural type Holotype Isotype Syntype Paratype Lectotype Neotype Epitype Topotype 5

6 Autonym Basionym Nomina conservanda Phenogram Cladogram Differentiate Between Phenogram and Cladogram Local flora and regional flora Yoked/ indented key and bracketed/parallel Key and serial/ numbered key Monothetic sequential keys and polythetic sequential keys Autonym and tautonym Homonym and synonym Artificial classification and natural classification and phylogenetic classification Bentham & Hooker s system of classification and Engler &Prantl s system of classification Match the following Royal Botanical Garden Missouri Botanical Garden Box-in-box -aceae De Historia plantarum Legislateur en botanique Monandria Carolus Linnaeus Die Natürlichen pflanzenfamilien Lignosae Opuntia Besseyi Armen Takhtajan Exogenae APG Leguminosae Hierarchical classification Kew, UK USA Theophrastus Gaspard (Caspar) Bauhin Family Knight of the Polar Star Adolph Engler and Karl A Prantl Carolus Linnaeus John Hutchinson PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMS Charles Bessey Kåre Bremer and Birgitta Bremer de Candolle Faba 6

7 Interpret the following Delphinium viscosum Hook.f. et Thomson Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers. Cerasus cornuta Wall. ex Royle Carex kashmirensis Clarke in Hook.f. Clarke Phyllanthus Linn. emend. Mull. Lupinus [Tourne.] L Tragopogon kashmirianus G. Singh, sp. nov. Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara comb. nov. Zea mays Linn., 1753; Z. curagua Molina, 1782; Z. indurate Sturtev., 1885; and Z. japonica Von Houtte, 1867 Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f., 1768; N. malabarica Poir., 1798; N. stellata Willd., 1799; N. acutiloba DC., 1824 Expand the following ICN APG OTU sp. nov. comb. nov. comb. et stat. nov. nom. nov. nom. nud. nom. superfl. nom. ambig. nom. confus nom. dub. nom. cons. nom. rejic. Q&A 1. What are taxonomic keys? Explain different types of single access keys. 2. Give an example of genus based on Commemoration of a person Place Important character 7

8 Aboriginal names 3. Give an example of species based on Name of a person Place Character Noun in apposition 4. Give taxonomic evidence from Palynology Cytology Glycosides 5. What is taxonomic hierarchy? Describe different methods used to illustrate it. 6. What is taxonomic hierarchy? Represent taxonomic hierarchy using dendrogram method/ box-in-box 7. Describe the importance of Botanical garden. Write two examples of botanical gardens of world and India each. 8. What is herbarium? Describe the role of herbarium. Write two examples of herbarium in India. 9. Outline the Bentam and Hooker s system of classification up-to series. Why it is very popular? 10. Outline the Bentam and Hooker s system of classification up-to series. Write its merits and demerits. 11. Outline the Engler and Prantl s system of classification up-to series. Write its merits and demerits. 8