Stamp Area. Biology - Note Packet #55. Major Climate Change ( ) What are some causes of major changes (or disruptions) in an ecosystem?

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1 Name: Mr. LaFranca s - Period Date: Aim: How do ecosystems change over time? Do Now: In I Am Legend, Will Smith s character is the last man in an abandoned NYC. Why do you think grass is overtaking (growing over top of) the middle of Manhattan? Biology - Note Packet #55 Stamp Area 1) What are some causes of major changes (or disruptions) in an ecosystem? Major Climate Change ( ) Natural Disasters ( ) Disease ( ) Pollution ( ) Human Influence ( ) What happens when an ecosystem is disturbed? Most of the time, life doesn t end. The damage ecosystem usually. This starting over involves many stages of. This pattern of growth is known as. Two Types of Succession Primary Succession - Succession that occurs where there are. There is. Secondary Succession - Succession that occurs where there is

2 What may an ecosystem look like right after a disturbance? The entire and has to start over! Volcanoes cover the soil with. When these cool a. As glaciers move,. Humans cover soil with. Ecological Succession Ecological Succession A series of Usually the changes are part of a recovery from a How does succession work? Plants need. If the land is stripped of soil,. As cracks form in the rock, seeds carried by.

3 As they grow they continue to. The first plants to grow are the Pioneer Species Pioneer Species This organism is usually because it is an autotrophic organisms that can live of minerals in rocks;. How does succession work? (cont) Once soil starts to form, other plants can grow;. These plants arrive from seeds transport there by. As the soil, more and more of plants grow. These new plants eventually. Succession always begins with simple plants ( ) and climax (end) with complex plants ( ) The order of plants in Ecological succession

4 Climax community, a community of plants and animals that has reached an. The climax community is composed of species to average conditions in that local area. Important!!!! If the climax community was an oak forest, and it was destroyed; in about 150 years it would return back into the Questions: 1. Shawangunk Grasslands National Wildlife Refuge has been developed from an abandoned airport to restore habitat for six species of birds that require an area rich in tall grasses. Workers must continually remove trees that are beginning to invade the area as a result of A) direct harvesting B) genetic engineering C) evolutionary change D) ecological succession 2. Events that occur in four different ecosystems are shown in the chart below. Which ecosystem would most likely require the most time for ecological succession to restore it to its original state? A) A B) B C) C D) D

5 3. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows the sequence of plant communities that have occupied land that was left barren 300 years ago, and on your knowledge of biology. Which plant species represent pioneer organisms? A) broomsedge and pine seedlings B) ragweed and aster C) crabgrass and horseweed D) oak and hickory trees 4. Base your answer to the following question on the chart below. Which stage represents a pioneer community? A) A B) B C) C D) D

6 5. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology The lichens and mosses can be classified as A) a pioneer community B) abiotic factors C) a climax community D) a population 6. Changes in an ecosystem over a long period of time are shown in the diagram below.

7 These changes will most likely lead to a A) stable ecosystem that can last for many years B) loss of heterotrophs that cannot be recovered C) long-term rise in environmental temperatures D) forest consisting of only producers and decomposers 7. The diagram below represents the various stages of ecological succession in New York State. If the ecosystem is not altered, which stage would be the most stable? A) grass B) shrub C) pine forest D) hardwood forest 8. What is a characteristic of a stable environment? A) It usually contains only one type of producer. B) It usually contains a great diversity of species. C) It contains simple food chains that have more consumers than producers. D) It contains complex food webs that have more heterotrophs than autotrophs. 9. An ecological process is represented below.

8 Which statement describes an event in this process? A) Community B modifies the environment, making it suitable for community C. B) Community D modifies the environment, making it suitable for community C. C) Community E will develop into community A, if the environment remains stable. D) Community A organisms will develop directly into community D organisms. 10. Over a long period of time, the stages represented in the diagram below were each present in a particular ecosystem. After a forest fire, what is the most likely order in which these stages appeared? A) D C A B B) B D C A C) A B C D D) B C D A

9 This diagram can be used to illustrate the A) effects of reduced competition between different types of plant life B) effect of human intervention on a stable ecosystem C) ecological succession from bare rock to stable ecosystem D) evolution of mosses to trees over 200 years 11. This diagram below represents a process that occurs in nature. A) The mature forest will most likely be stable over a long period of time. B) If all the weeds and grasses are destroyed, the number of carnivores will increase. C) As the population of the shrubs increases, it will be held in check by the mature forest community. D) The young forest community will invade and take over the mature forest community. 12. Which statement best describes one of the stages represented in the diagram below?

10 A) The mature forest will most likely be stable over a long period of time. B) If all the weeds and grasses are destroyed, the number of carnivores will increase. C) As the population of the shrubs increases, it will be held in check by the mature forest community. D) The young forest community will invade and take over the mature forest community.

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