AP Environmental Science Unit 1 Exam: Ecology Ms. Garcia. Read the following questions. Choose the best response. Take your time and work carefully!

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1 AP Environmental Science Unit 1 Exam: Ecology Ms. Garcia Read the following questions. Choose the best response. Take your time and work carefully! Standard 2A 1. A species that plays a crucial role in the ecosystem where it lives is known as a(n) a. keystone species b. indicator species c. critical species d. exotic species e. invasive species 2. As one travels from the tropical rain forests near the equator to the frozen tundra, one passes through a variety of biomes including deserts, temperate and deciduous forests, etc. The primary reason for the change in vegetation is due to a. evolution b. succession c. the hours of sunlight reaching a particular region d. changes in temperature and amount of rainfall e. the amount of relative cloud cover and ocean currents 3. Whether a land area support a deciduous forest or grassland depends primarily on a. decrease in temperature b. latitude north or south of the equator c. consistency of rainfall from year to year and the effect that it has on fires d. changes in length of the growing season e. none of the above For the next question, refer to the locations marked by letters in the world map below:

2 4. The locations marked (2) are known as a. tropical rain forests b. grasslands c. taiga (boreal/coniferous forest) d. chaparral e. tundra 5. The locations marked (6) are known as a. tropical rain forests b. grasslands c. taiga (boreal/coniferous forest) d. deciduous forest e. tundra 6. Which of the following statements is FALSE? CHOOSE RESPONSE AND EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER IN ONE SENTENCE. a. When environmental conditions are changing rapidly, a generalist is usually better off than a specialist. b. The fundamental niche of a species is the full range of physical, chemical, and biological factors it could use if there was no competition. c. Natural selection is the passing down of unfavorable traits so that a species may survive and adapt. d. Generalist species live in a broad niche whereas specialists live in narrow niches. 7. Sea anemone give the clownfish a safe home (see image to the right). Clown fish provide the anemone nutrients in the form of waste and scare away predatory fish such as the butterfly fish. The example of a clown fish living in a sea anemone is which type of relationship? Choose a response and explain your reasoning in one complete sentence. a. Predator/prey (predation) b. Commensalism c. Parasitism d. Mutualism e. Amensalism 8. Invasive species are often able to take over because they can do all of the following EXCEPT a. outcompete native species b. have multiple offspring c. become predators of native species d. live in a multitude of different environments e. have trouble adapting to new environments Standard 2B Energy Flow 9. Which of the following formulas correctly summarizes photosynthesis? a. 6CO2 + 6H20 + solar energy! C6H12O6 + 6O2 b. 6H20 + solar energy! C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6CO2 c. CH4 + NO2 + solar energy! CN2 + H40 d. CH4 + H40 + solar energy! CN2 + NO2 e. 6H20 + C6H12O6 + solar energy! 6H20 + 6CO2 10. According to the 10% rule concerning energy pyramids, to create 1000 kilograms of deer biomass you need a. 100 kilograms of grass b. 10,000 kilograms of lion c. 10,000 kilograms of grass d. 900 kilograms of lion e kilograms of grass Base your answers to the following two questions on the diagram below:

3 11. The greatest amount of energy present in this pyramid is found at the level of the a. Hawks b. Snakes c. Rodents d. Green plants e. Decomposers 12. The pyramid implies that in order to live and grow, 1,000 kilograms of snakes would require a. less than 1,000 kilograms of green plants b. 1,000 kilograms of rodents c. more than 1,000 kilograms of rodents d. no rodents e. less than 1,000 kilograms of hawks Following a diagram showing the relationships that exist in an arid (dry) ecosystem. Base your answers to the following three questions on the diagram and your knowledge of environmental science.

4 13. The diagram above is an example of a: a. energy pyramid b. biomass web c. food chain d. food web e. biomass pyramid 14. The snake is acting as a a. producer b. primary consumer c. secondary consumer d. autotroph e. secondary producer 15. Between which two organisms would there MOST LIKELY be the greatest competition? (examine the food web carefully!) a. Rat and snake b. Lizard and arachnid c. Rat and roadrunner d. Grasshopper and bacteria/fungi e. Arachnid and roadrunner Standard 2C Ecosystem Diversity 16. The peppered moths of London are a perfect case study for what type of natural selection? a. directional selection b. disruptive selection c. stabilizing selection d. none of the above 17. Darwin noted that the Patagonian hare was similar in appearance and had a niche similar to the European hare. However, the Patagonian hare is not a rabbit. It is a rodent related to the guinea pig. This example illustrates the principle known as a. evolutionary relay b. divergent evolution c. convergent evolution d. speciation Standard 2D Natural Ecosystem Change 18. The main difference between primary and secondary succession is that a. primary succession occurs in the year before secondary succession b. primary succession occurs on barren, rocky areas and secondary succession does not c. secondary succession ends in a climax species and primary succession ends in a pioneer species d. secondary succession occurs on barren, rock areas and primary succession does not e. All of the above statements are true. 19. Which of the following best describes a nonanthropogenic secondary succession? *nonanthropogenic means not caused by humans a. plants and other vegetation die gradually due to drought b. wildflowers grow in an area that was previously destroyed by fire c. a farmer removes weeds using a herbicide d. lichens and mosses secrete acids that allow other plants to grow e. none of the above

5 20. Which of the following choices shows the correct order of events that might occur in the process of primary successin? a. Grasses! small bushes! small herbaceous plants! lichen! conifers! long-lived hardwoods! short-lived hardwoods! bare rock b. Bare rock! mosses! grasses! small herbaceous plants! small bushes! conifers! short-lived hardwoods! long-lived hardwoods c. Long-lived hardwoods! short-lived hardwoods! conifers! small bushes! small herbaceous plants! grasses! bare rock d. Bare rock! grasses! mosses! small herbaceous plants! small bushes! conifers! short-lived hardwoods! long-lived hardwoods e. Conifers! bare rock! long-lived hardwoods! small herbaceous plants! lichen! grasses! small bushes! short-lived Standard 2E Biogeochemical Processes 21. Burning fossil fuels coupled with deforestation increases the amount of in the atmosphere. a. NO2 b. CO2 c. SO2 d. O3 e. All of the above are correct 22. Carbon dioxide is a reactant in a. photosynthesis b. cellular respiration c. the Haber-Bosch process d. nitrogen fixation e. none of the above 23. Which of following cycles would be considered sedimentary? a. Carbon cycle b. Water cycle c. Phosphorus cycle d. Nitrogen cycle e. Sulfur cycle 24. Which one of the following processes is working against gravity? a. Precipitation b. Percolation c. The Force d. Transpiration e. Infiltration Free Response Questions Part A: On the world map you will see numbered research regions. In separate paragraphs, using complete sentences, please identify the biome that is found in each of the three regions and describe three characteristics of each of the three biomes such as flora (producers), fauna (consumers), soil type, climate, etc. In other words, tell me three important characteristics about the biomes in each of the three research regions. Part B: Please list all three research regions and identify which climatogram belongs to which region. It should look like this on your answer page: (EXAMPLE: Region 7: A. Where A refers to the climatogram) Region One (1): Region Three(3): Region four (4):

6 Climatogram A: Climatogram B:

7 Climatogram C:! FOR THE NEXT FREE RESPONSE QUESTION, CHOOSE ONLY ONE. Do not answer both! Option A. The APES Fertilizer Company manufactures a soil additive that contains 10% of nitrogen, carbonate, and phosphorus. Use this information to answer the following questions. a. Choose either carbon or nitrogen and clearly explain the biogeochemical cycle of that nutrient. Include all the important steps in the cycle and indicate movement from the atmosphere, water, and soil where necessary. b. Agricultural runoff from over application of fertilizers is a major source of water pollution. Choose either nitrogen or phosphorus and fully explain the cause and effect of this excess on the aquatic ecosystem. Option B. On the planet Earth, we find that ecosystems are dynamic not static. Please describe the process of biological succession. Make sure to include the difference between primary and secondary succession, the difference between a pioneer community and a climax community, and how species diversity may change as the community develops. BONUS QUESTIONS (extra credit!) 1. Which biome has the highest amount of primary productivity? (2 points) 2. Where did Ms. Garcia attend college for her undergraduate degree? (1 point) 3. What type of pet does Ms. Garcia and what is the pet s name??? (1 point)