AREA WAGE SURVEY. Fresno, California, Metropolitan Area June 1975 B ulletin U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR.. B u r e a u of Labor Statistics

Transcription

1 APIt c - U l AREA WAGE SURVEY Fresno, California, Metropolitan Area June 1975 B ulletin U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR.. B u r e a u of Labor Statistics

2 Preface This bulletin provides results of a June survey of occupational earnings and supplementary wage benefits in the Fresno, California, Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (Fresno County). The survey was made as part of the Bureau of Labor Statistics' annual area wage survey program. The program is designed to yield data for individual metropolitan areas, as well as national and regional estimates for all Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the United States, excluding Alaska and Hawaii. A major consideration in the area wage survey program is the need to describe the level and movement of wages in a variety of labor markets, through the analysis of (1) the level and distribution of wages by occupation, and (2) the movement of wages by occupational category and skill level. The program develops information that may be used for many purposes, including wage and salary administration, collective bargaining, and assistance in determining plant location. Survey results also are used by the U.S. Department of Labor to make wage determinations under the Service Contract Act of Currently, 82 areas are included in the program. (See list of areas on inside back cover.) In each area, occupational earnings data are collected annually. Information on establishment practices and supplementary wage benefits is obtained every third year. Each year after all individual area wage surveys have been completed, two summary bulletins are issued. The first brings together data for each metropolitan area surveyed. The second summary bulletin presents national and regional estimates, projected from individual metropolitan area data. The Fresno survey was conducted by the Bureau's regional office in San Francisco, Calif., under the general direction of Milton Keenan, Assistant Regional Commissioner for Operations. The survey could not have been accomplished without the cooperation of the many firm s whose wage and salary data provided the basis for the statistical information in this bulletin. The Bureau wishes to express sincere appreciation for the cooperation received. Note: A current report on occupational earnings and supplementary wage provisions in the Fresno area are available for the laundry and dry cleaning industry. Also available are listings of union wage rates for building trades, printing trades, local-transit operating employees, local truckdrivers and helpers, and grocery store employees. Free copies of these are available from the Bureau's regional offices. (See back cover for addresses.)

3 AREA WAGE SURVEY Bulletin January 1976 U.S. DEPA RTM EN T OF LABOR, JohnT. Dunlop, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, Julius Shiskin, Commissioner Fresno, California, Metropolitan Area, June 1975 CONTENTS Introduction.. Page 2 T able s : A. Earnings: A - l, Weekly earnings of office workers 3 A -2. Weekly earnings of professional and technical workers A -3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex A -4. Hourly earnings of maintenance and power plant workers 5 A -5. Hourly earnings of custodial and material movement workers 6 A -6. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, powerplant, custodial, and material movement workers, by sex 7 A - 7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, adjusted for employment shifts 8 B, Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions: B - 1. Minimum entrance salaries for inexperienced typists and clerks 9 B -2. Late-shift pay provisions for full-time manufacturing plant workers 10 B -3. Scheduled weekly hours and days of full-time first-shift workers 11 B -4. Annual paid holidays for full-time workers 12 B -4a. Identification of major paid holidays for full-time workers 13 B -5. Paid vacation provisions for full-time workers, 14 B -6. Health, insurance, and pension plan provisions for full-time workers 16 Appendix A. Scope and method of survey 18 Appendix B. Occupational descriptions 21 For sa le by the Superintendent o f D ocu m en ts, U.S. BLS R eg ion al O ffices listed on b a c k c o v e r. G overn m en t Printing O ffic e, W ashington, D. C , GPO Bookstores, or Price $ Make checks payable to Superintendent of Documents.

4 Introduction This area is 1 of 82 in which the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys of occupational earnings and related benefits on am areawide basis. In this area, data were obtadned by personad visits of Bureau field economists to representative establishments within si3f broad industry divisions: Mamufacturing; tramsportation, communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finamce, insurance, amd real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the construction amd extractive industries. Establishments having fewer tham a prescribed number of workers are omitted because of insufficient employment in the occupations studied. Separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions which meet publication criteria. A -series tables Tables A - 1 through A -6 provide estimates of straight-time hourly or weekly earnings for workers in occupations common to a variety of mamufacturing and nonmamufacturing industries. Occupations were selected from the following categories: (a) Office clerical, (b) professional amd technical, (c) maintenance amd power pi amt, and (d) custodial and material movement. In the 31 largest survey areas, tables A -la through A -6a provide similar data for establishments employing 500 workers or more. Following the occupational wage tables is table A - 7 which provides percent chamges in average earnings of office clerical workers, electronic data processing workers, industrial nurses, skilled maintenance workers, amd unskilled plamt workers. This measure of wage trends eliminates chamges in average earnings caused by employment shifts among establishments as well as turnover of establishments included in survey saimples. Where possible, data are presented for all industries, manufacturing, amd nonmanufacturing. Appendix A discusses this wage trend measure. B -series tables The B -series tables present information on minimum entrance salaries for office workers; late-shift pay provisions amd practices for plamt workers in manufacturing; amd data separately for plamt amd office workers on scheduled weekly hours amd days of first-shift workers; paid holidays; paid vacations; amd headth, insurance, and pension plams. Appendixes This bulletin has two appendixes. Appendix A describes the methods and concepts used in the area wage survey program. It provides information on the scope of the area survey amd information on the area's industrial composition in mamufacturing. It also provides information on labor-management agreement coverage. Appendix B provides job descriptions used by Bureau field economists to classify workers in occupations for which straight-time earnings information is presented.

5 A. Earnings Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Fresno, Calif., June 1975 O ccu p a tion and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Average weekly hours1 (standard) Weekly earnings 1 (standard) N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s tr a ig h t-tim e w e e k ly e a rn in gs o f s s s s------* n o o 135 1*0 1*5 15o 155 Under and m,m S u n d er *0 1*5 lso 155 i 60 s s i % s I S J i l l o v e r ALL WORKERS CLERKS, ACCOUNTINGS CLASS A MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING * * * * $ $ * IS CLERKSt ACCOUNTINGS CLASS B - MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING * 5 11* * 0.0 * 0.0 * * * CLERKSs F IL E, CLASS B NONMANUFACTURING *6 * , CLERKS, PAYROLL MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING * 19 * 0. 0 * * * * * * 6, * 1, ? 2 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A NONMANUFACTURING * 9 * 0.0 * * * * * KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B MANUFACTURING * 0.0 * SECRETARIES MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S * 0.0 * * * * * * * * SECRETARIES, CLASS B MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING 79 * 3 36 * SO SECRETARIES, CLASS C MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S * 0.0 * 0.0 * 0.0 * * * * * SECRETARIES, CLASS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING *0 * * * ** * S * * STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL NONMANUFACTURING , STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR NONMANUFACTURING * * SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS NONMANUFACTURING * ,00 11* * * SWITCHBOARO o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s - n o n m a n u f a c t u r in g , * T Y P IS 1S. CLASS A * T Y P IS T S, CLASS B NONMANUFACTURING * * * 1* * W o r k e r s w e r e d istr ib u te d as fo llo w s : 3 at $ 22 0 to $ ; 3 at $230 to $ ; 1 at $ 24 0 to $ ; 1 at $26 0 to $ ; 6 at $ 27 0 to $ ; and 1 at $30 0 to $ See footnotes at end o f tables.

6 A O ccu p a tion and in d u str y d iv is io n Number of worken Average weekly hours 1 (standard) Weekly earnings 1 (standard) Mean i Median * Middle range Number of w orkers receiving straight -tim e w eekly earnings of 1 s s s i s s 5 s s $ 5 5 s $ o l 7 o and u n d er _ ALL WORKERS COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS B DRAFTERS. CLASS C MANUFACTURING S ee fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s. 27 IB IB i $ $ < Table A-3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex, in Fresno, Calif., June 1975 S ex, o cc u p a tio n, and in d u str y d iv is io n of workers Average (mean'*) Weakly Weakly hours * earnings1 (standard) (standard) Sex, o ccu p a tio n, and in d u str y d iv is io n Number of woxkexs Average (mean2 ) Weekly Weekly houis1 earnings1 (standard) Sex, o c c u p a tio n, and in d u str y d iv is io n Number of workers Average (m ean2 ) Weakly Weakly ^ hours 1 (standard) (standard) OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN $ OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN CONTINUED OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN CONTINUED m a n u f a c t u r in g e SE C R E TARIE S $ SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS n o n m a n u f a c t u r in g MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING SECRETARIES. CLASS B M AN Ur Av 1UKlINw ** * * * * " NONMANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING m a n u f a c t u r in g *00 NONMANUFACTURING: NONMANUFACTURING KEYPUNCH OPERATORS. CLASS A NONMANUFACTURING KEYPUNCH OPERATORS* CLASS B SECRETARIES, CLASS D MANUFACTURING _ PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN $ q *50 MANUFACTURING NOTE: Earnings data in table A -3 relate only to w orkers w hose sex identification was provided by the establishm ent. Earnings data in tables A - l and A -2, on the other hand, relate to all w o r k e r s in an o cc u p a tio n. (S ee appen d ix A f o r p u b lica tio n c r it e r ia.) See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s.

7 O ccu p a tion and in d u stry d iv is io n Hourly earnings3 Number of w orkers receivin g straight-tim e hourly earnings of * Mean 2 Median2 Middle range 2 and under S $ S $ S $ $ S s S S S S S S S S 1 S 1 I «6 o , , 2 p 4,4 0 >* o CO 5,9 0 5, , and ALL WORKERS CARPENTERS* * MAINTENANCE - ELECTRICIANS* MAINTENANCE MANUFACTURING ENGINEERS* STATIONARY NONMANUFACTURING MACHINISTS* MAINTENANCE - MECHANICS* AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S MECHANICS. MAINTENANCE - - MANUFACTURING $ $ $ $ y * * ' ' * i * «* i * y m * T * W o rk e rs w e r e d istr ib u te d a s fo llo w s : 21 at $7.:80 to $ 8; and 1 at $ to $ * * W o rk e rs w e r e d istr ib u te d as fo llo w s : 18 at $ 7 :6 0 to $ ; and 3 at $ to $ 9. See fo o tn o te s at end o f t a b le s.

8 Hourly earnings3 N u m ber o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o i - S i s s I ( s s 1 S S S S S 5 S s s f i S i $ O ccupation and in d u stry d iv is io n of *A q Bo Ao A A workers Mean 2 Median2 Middle range 2 and m - u n d er 2.A ?,? 0 3,4? 4.0? ,4 0 A.6Q ^.0 0 $ S o v e r ALL WORKERS $ $ $ $ JANITORS. PORTERS, AND CLEANERS A 21 A 67 ID LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING A A 5 - A i ^ A A NONMANUFACTURING A A A A A - A2 m - 20 PUBLIC U TIL IT IE S A * * * * * * * 10 TRUCKDRIVERS A A A A TRUCKDRIVERS, MEDIUM ( 1-1 /2 TO AND INCLUDING A TONS) A A s» - * 18 NONMANUFACTURING A A TRUCKDRIVERS, HEAVY (OVER A TONS, TRAILER TYPE) A A A2 _ 11 NONMANUFACTURING A A A * * 20 * 8 * * * * TRUCKERS, POWER (FORKLIFT) A2 A A ao U» e». MANUFACTURING A A. 56 * * * 6 - * IT 7 72 * ao WAREHOUSEMEN A. 53 A. 26 A A A 1A 21 MANUFACTURING A. 35 A. 26 A A _ NONMANUFACTURING A A. 77 A A A 21 * W orkers w ere distributed as follow s : 10 at $6.60 to $6.80 ; 10 at $6.80 to $7; 8 at $7 to $7.20 ; and 1 at $8.60 to $8.80. See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s.

9 Sex, occu p a tio n, and in dustry d iv is io n Number of woikers (mean^ ) hourly earnings3 Sex, o ccu p a tio n, and in d u stry d iv is io n Number of woikers Average (m ean2 ) m a in t e n a n c e and po w e r plan t OCCUPATIONS - MEN 23 oo rvj CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT OCCUPATIONS - MEN CONTINUED $ TRUCKDRIVERo MACHINISTS. MAINTENANCE MECHANICS. AUTOMOTIVE SS r U n L l v U 1 i L 11 1 L j TRUCKDRIVERS, MEDIUM ( 1-1 /2 TO NONMANUFACTURING TRUCKDRIVERS. HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS, NONMANUFACTURING CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT OCCUPATIONS - MEN JANITORS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN S ee fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s. E a rn in g s data in ta ble A - 6 re la te o n ly to w o r k e r s w h o se se x id e n tific a tio n w as p r o v id e d b y the e sta b lis h m e n t. E a rn in g s data in ta bles A -4 and A - 5 # on the oth e r hand, r e la te to a ll w o r k e r s in an occupation. (See appendix A for publication criteria.)

10 Table A-7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, adjusted for employment shifts NOTE: Data for table A - 7 are not available for the F resno s u r v e y s in c e th is is the f i r s t y e a r a s u r v e y o f co m p a r a b le sc o p e w as co n d u cte d in the a r e a. R e fe r e n c e to table A - 7 in the standard text o f the bulletin d o e s n ot apply to th is a r e a.

11 B. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Table B-1. Minimum entrance salaries for inexperienced typists and clerks in Fresno, Calif., June 1975 In e x p e rie n ce d typists Other inexperienced clerica l w orkers M in im u m w e e k ly s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r y 4 M anuf actu r ing Nonmanufacturing Manufacturing NonmanuTactur ing All Based on standard w eekly hours 6 of All Based on standard w eekly hours 6 of in d u stries A ll A ll A ll A ll sch ed u les 40 sch ed u les 40 sch e d u le s 40 s c h e d u le s 40 ESTABLISHMENTS STUDIED XXX 60 XXX XXX 60 XXX ESTABLISHMENTS HAVING A SPECIFIED MINIMUM UNDER $ $ AND UNDER $ $ AND UNDER $ $ AND UNDER $ $ AND UNDER $ $ AND UNDER $ $ AND UNDER $ $ AND UNDER $ $ AND UNDER $ $ AND UNOER $ $ AND UNDER $ $ AND UNDER $ $ AND UNDER $ $ AND O V E R ESTABLISHMENTS HAVING NO SPECIFIED MINIMUM ESTABLISHMENTS WHICH DID NOT EMPLOY WORKERS IN THIS CATEGORY * * « * * * XXX 11 XXX 36 9 XXX 27 XXX XXX 42 XXX XXX 19 XXX S ee fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s.

12 (A ll fu ll- tim e m anufacturing plant w orkers = 100 percent) A ll w orkers 7 W orkers on late shifts S econ d sh ift T h ird sh ift S econ d shift T h ir d sh ift PERCENT OF WORKERS nri irrr OTHER W * AVERAGE PAY DIFFERENTIAL PERCENT OF WORKERS BY TYPE AND AMOUNT OF PAY DIFFERENTIAL UNIFORM CENTS-PER-HOUR* rpmt<; * 3.1 rpkltq rpiutq 1.1 OCkITC lie. CENTS 1.8 UNIFORM PERCENTAGES *u See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le e.

13 P lant w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s Ite m A ll In du stries M anufacturing N on m anufactu rin g P u b lic u tilitie s A ll in d u stries M a n u fa ctu rin g N on m anufactu rin g P u b lic u tilitie s PERCENT OF WORKERS BY SCHEDULED WEEKLY HOURS AND DAYS ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS lo o HOURS-5 DAYS /2 HOURS-5 DAYS A / 5 HOURS-5 D A Y S HOURS DAYS DAYS DAYS (9 ). (9 ) 4 4 HOURS DAYS DAYS * - - AVERAGE SCHEDULED WEEKLY HOURS ALL WEEKLY WORK SCHEDULES * o o S ee fo o tn o te at end o f ta b le s.

14 Item P la n t w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s All industries M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing Public utilities All industries M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing P ublic utilities PERCENT OF WORKERS ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS NOT PROVIDING PAID HOLIDAYS IN EStABLISHMENTS PROVIDING PAID HOLIDAYS AVERAGE NUMBER OF PAID HOLIDAYS FOR WORKERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIDING HOLIDAYS PERCENT OF WORKERS BY NUMBER OF PAID HOLIDAYS PROVIDED10 1 HOLIDAY HOLIDAYS (9 ) (9 ) (9 ) - (9 ) 5 HOLIDAYS HOLIDAYS HOLIDAYS PLUS 1 HALF DAY PLUS 2 HALF PAYS * - (9 ) 1 10 _ 8 H OLIDAYS ; PLUS 1 HALF DAY HOLIDAYS IS PLUS I HALF DAY HOLIDAYS HOLIDAYS HOLIDAYS (9 ) HOLIDAYS ~ 2 " 1 * 1 - PERCENT OF WORKERS BY TOTAL PAID HOLIDAY TIME PROVIDED11 1 DAY OR MORE DAYS OR MORE l o o l o o DAYS OR MORE DAYS OR MORE /2 DAYS OR MORE DAYS OR MORE /2 DAYS OR MORE DAYS OR MORE ' /2 DAYS OR MORE DAYS OR M ORE DAYS OR MORE DAYS " See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s.

15 Ite m 10 P lant w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s All industries Manufacturing Nonmanuf actur ing P ublic utilities All industries M anufacturing Nonmanuf actur ing Public utilities P ercen t of w orkers A ll fu ll- t im e w o r k e r s New Y ea r 's Day, L in coln 's Birthday, W a sh in gton 's B irth d ay Good F riday Good F riday, half day _ M o t h e r 's D av M e m o r ia l D ay..., F o u rth o f J u l y L a b o r D a y State D a y _ Colum bus Day Veterans D a y T h an k sg iv in g D ay D ay a fte r T h an k sg iv in g C h r is tm a s E ve C h r is tm a s D ay _ E xtra day during C hristm as week New Y ea r 's Eve _ _ New Y ea r 's Eve, half day _ _. F lo a tin g h o lid a y. 1 d a v Floating holiday, 2 d a y s E m p lo y e e 's b irth d a y S ee fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s.

16 Ite m P la n t w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s All industries M anuf actur Ing Nonmanufacturing P ublic utilities All industries M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing P ublic utilities PERCENT OF WORKERS ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS too IN ESTABLISHMENTS NOT PROVIOING PAID VACATIONS (9 ) (9 ) - (9 ) IN ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIDING PAIO VACATIONS LENGTH-OF-TIME PAYMENT PERCENTAGE PAYMENT AMOUNT OF PAID VACATION AFTER:14 6 MONTHS OF SERVICE: UNDER 1 WEEK (9 ) - (9 ) 1 WEEK OVER I AND UNDER 2 WEEKS * YEAR OF SERVICE: 1 WEEK OVFR I AND UNOFR 2 WEEKS (9 ) - (9 ) - 2 WEEKS OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS (9 ) - (9 ) «3 WEEKS YEARS OF SERVICE: 1 WEEK (9 ) OVER I AND UNOER 2 WEEKS (9 ) - (9 ) 2 WEEKS OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS (9 ) - (9 ) 3 WEEKS WEEKS * YEARS OF SERVICE: I WEEK (9 ) OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS (9 ) (9 ) 2 WEEKS OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS (9 ) (9 ) 3 WEEKS WEEKS YEARS OF SERVICE: 1 WEEK (9 ) OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS (9 ) - (9 ) _ 2 WEEKS OVER 2 ANO UNDER 3 WEEKS (9 ) - (91 3 WEEKS WEEKS * 1, YEARS OF SERVICE: 1 WEEK (9 ) - <9) - OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS (9 ) - <9) - 2 WEEKS OVER 2 ANO UNDER 3 WEEKS (9 ) - 3 WEEKS WEEKS See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s.

17 Item P lant w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s All industries Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Public utilities All industries M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing Public utilities AMOUNT QF PAID VACATION AFTER14 - CONTINUED 10 YEARS OF SERVICE! I WEEK (9 ) - (9 ) - OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS (9 ) - (9 ) 2* W EEKS i 3 i 3 3 OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS (9 ) - (9 ) - 3 WEEKS OVER 3 AND UNDER 4 WEEKS (9 ) WEEKS YEARS OF SERVICE! 1 WEEK (9 ) - (9 ) - OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS (9 ) <9> - 2 WEEKS OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS (9 ) - <»> - 3 WEEKS OVER 3 AND UNDER 4 WEEKS (9 ) WEEKS YEARS OF SERVICE! 1 W EEK (9 ) - (9 ) - OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS (9 ) - (9 ) - 2 WEEKS * OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS (9 ) - (9 ) - 3 WEEKS OVER 3 AND UNDER 4 WEEKS WEEKS YEARS OF SERVICE! 1 WEEK (9 ) - (9 ) - OVER 1 AND UNOER 2 WEEKS (9 ) - (9 ) - 2 WEEKS OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS (9 ) - (9 ) - 3 WEEKS OVER 3 AND UNOER 4 WEEKS (9 ) W EEKS W EEKS YEARS OF SERVICE! 1 W EEK (9 ) - (9 ) - OVER 1 ANO UNDER 2 WEEKS (9 ) - (9 ) - 2 WEEKS OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS (9> (9 ) - 3 WEEKS _ WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS * YEARS OF S E R V IC E!* 1 WEEK r (9 ) - (9 ) - OVER 1 ANO UNDER 2 WEEKS (9 ) - (9 ) - 2 WEEKS OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 W EEKS (9 ) - (9 ) - 3 WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS * Estim ates of provision s fo r lon ger periods of service are identical. See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s.

18 Item P la n t w o r k e r s V O ffic e w o r k e r s A ll industries M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing P ublic utilities All industries M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing P ublic utilities PERCENT OF WORKERS ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS lo o IN ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIDING AT LEAST ONE OF THE BENEFITS SHOWN BELOW LIFE INSURANCE NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ACCIDENTAL DEATH AND OISMEMBERMENT INSURANCE NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS SICKNESS AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE OR SICK LEAVE OR BOTH SICKNESS AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS SICK LEAVE (FULL PAY AND NO WAITING PERIOD) SICK LEAVE (PARTIAL PAY OR WAITING PERIOD) LONG-TERM D ISA BILITY INSURANCE NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS HOSPITALIZATION INSURANCE NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS SURGICAL INSURANCE NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS MEDICAL INSURANCE NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS MAJOR MEDICAL INSURANCE NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS DENTAL INSURANCE NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS RETIREMENT PENSION NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s.

19 Footnotes All of these standard footnotes may not apply to this bulletin. 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries (exclusive of pay for overtime at regular and/or premium rates), and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. 2 The mean is computed for each job by totaling the earnings of all workers and dividing by the number of workers. The median designates position half of the employees surveyed receive more and half receive less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay; a fourth of the workers earn less than the lower of these rates and a fourth earn more than the higher rate. 3 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 4 These salaries relate to formally established minimum starting (hiring) regular straight-tim e salaries that are paid for standard workweeks. 5 Excludes workers in subclerical jobs such as m essenger. 6 Data are presented for all standard workweeks combined, and for the m ost common standard workweeks reported. 7 Includes all plant workers in establishments currently operating late shifts, and establishments whose formal provisions cover late shifts, even though the establishments were not currently operating late shifts. 8 L ess than 0.05 percent. 9 Less than 0.5 percent. 10 For purposes of this study, pay for a Sunday in December, negotiated in the automobile industry, is not treated as a paid holiday. 11 A ll combinations of full and half days that add to the same amount are combined; for example, the proportion of workers receiving a total of 9 days includes those with 9 full days and no half days, 8 full days and 2 half days, 7 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions then were cumulated. 12 A Christm as New Year holiday period is an unbroken series of holidays which includes Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, New Year's Eve, and New Y ea r's Day. Such a holiday period is common in the automobile, aerospace, and farm implement industries. 13 "F loatin g " holidays vary from year to year according to employer or employee choice. 14 Includes payments other than "length of t im e," such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-sum payments, converted to an equivalent time b a sis; for example, 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 week's pay. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression; for example, changes in proportions at 10 years include changes between 5 and 10 years. Estim ates are cumulative. Thus, the proportion eligible for at least 3 weeks' pay after 10 years includes those eligible for at least 3 weeks' pay after fewer years of service. 15 Estim ates listed after type of benefit are for all plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the employer. "Noncontributory plans" include only those financed entirely by the employer. Excluded are legally required plans, such as workmen's compensation, social security, and railroad retirement. Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick leave plans are lim ited to those which definitely establish at least the minimum number of days' pay that each employee can expect. Informal sick leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded.

20 Appendix A Area wage and related benefits data are obtained by personal visits of Bureau field represen t atives at 3 -year intervals. 1 In each of the intervening years, inform ation on em ploym ent and occu p a tion a l e a rn in gs is c o lle c t e d b y a co m b in a tio n o f p e r s o n a l v is it, m a il q u e s tio n n a ir e, and telep h on e in terv iew fr o m e sta b lis h m e n ts p a rticip a tin g in the p r e v io u s s u r v e y. In each of the 82 2 areas currently surveyed, data are obtained from representative establish m e n ts w ithin s ix b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s : M a n u fa ctu rin g; tra n s p o rta tio n, co m m u n ica tio n, and oth er p u blic u tilitie s ; w h o le s a le tra d e ; r e t a il tra d e ; fin a n ce, in s u r a n c e, and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v ic e s. M a jo r in d u stry g rou p s e x clu d e d f r o m th e se stu d ies a re g overn m en t o p e r a tio n s and the c o n s tr u c tio n and e x tra ctiv e in d u s tr ie s. E s ta b lish m e n ts having fe w e r than a p r e s c r ib e d n u m b er o f w o r k e r s a re o m itted b e ca u se o f in s u fficie n t e m p loy m en t in the o c c u p a tio n s stu d ied. S epara te ta bu lation s a re p r o v id e d f o r each of the broad industry divisions which m eet publication criteria. T h ese su r v e y s a re c o n d u cte d on a sa m p le b a s is. T h e sa m p lin g p r o c e d u r e s in v o lv e d eta iled str a tific a tio n o f a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts w ithin the s c o p e o f an in d iv id u a l a r e a s u r v e y b y in d u stry and n u m b er o f e m p lo y e e s. F r o m th is s tr a tifie d u n iv e r s e a p r o b a b ility sa m p le is s e le c t e d, w ith e a ch esta b lis h m e n t having a p r e d e te r m in e d ch a n ce o f s e le c tio n. T o obtain op tim u m a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t, a g r e a te r p r o p o r tio n o f la r g e than sm a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts is s e le c te d. W hen data a re co m b in e d, e a ch esta b lis h m e n t is w eigh ted a c c o r d in g t o its p r o b a b ility o f s e le c tio n, so that u n biased e s tim a te s a re g e n e ra te d. F o r e x a m p le, if on e.out o f fo u r e sta b lis h m e n ts is s e le c t e d, it is given a w eigh t o f fo u r t o r e p r e s e n t it s e lf plu s th ree o th e r s. An a ltern a te o f the sa m e o r ig in a l p r o b a b ility is c h o s e n in the sa m e in d u s tr y -s iz e cla s s ific a tio n if data a re not a v a ila b le f o r the o r ig in a l sa m p le m e m b e r. I f n o su itab le su bstitu te is available, additional weight is assigned to a sam ple m em ber that is sim ilar to the m issing unit. O ccu p a tion s and E a rn in g s O ccu p a tion s s e le c te d f o r study a re co m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on m anufactu rin g industries, and are of the follow ing types: (1) O ffice clerica l; (2) professional and technical; (3) m aintenance and p o w e rp la n t; and, (4) c u s to d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t. O ccu p a tio n a l c la s s ific a t io n is b a s ed on a u n ifo r m set o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d esig n e d to take accou n t o f in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t v a r ia tio n in du ties w ithin the sa m e jo b. O ccu p a tion s s e le c te d fo r study a re lis te d and d e s c r ib e d in appen dix B. U n less o th e rw ise in d ic a te d, the e a rn in gs data fo llo w in g the jo b title s a re f o r a ll in d u s tr ie s co m b in e d. E arn in gs data fo r so m e o f the o c c u p a tio n s lis te d and d e s c r ib e d, o r f o r so m e in d u stry d iv is io n s w ithin o ccu p a tio n s, a re not p r e s e n te d in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s, b e ca u s e e ith e r (1) e m p loy m en t in the occu p a tion is to o sm a ll t o p r o v id e enough data to m e r it p r e s e n ta tio n, o r (2) th e re is p o s s ib ility o f d is c lo s u r e o f in dividu al esta b lis h m e n t data. S ep a ra te m e n 's and w o m e n 's e a rn in gs data a re n ot p r e s e n te d when the n u m b er o f w o r k e r s not id e n tifie d b y se x is 20 p e r c e n t o r m o r e o f the m en o r w om en id e n tifie d in an occu p a tion. E a rn in g s data not show n se p a r a te ly f o r in d u stry d iv is io n s a re in clu d e d in a ll in d u str ie s com bined data, w here shown. L ikew ise, data are included in the over all classification when a subcla s s ific a tio n o f e le c t r o n ic s te c h n ic ia n s, s e c r e t a r ie s, o r t r u c k d r iv e r s is not show n o r in fo rm a tio n to s u b cla s s ify is not a va ila b le. O ccu p a tion a l e m p loy m en t and e a rn in gs data a re show n fo r fu ll-t im e w o r k e r s, i. e., th o s e h ir e d to w ork a re g u la r w eek ly sch e d u le. E a rn in g s data ex clu d e p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s, and la te s h ifts. N on p rod u ction b o n u se s a re e x clu d e d, but c o s t - o f - liv in g a llo w a n ce s and in cen tive b o n u se s a re in clu d e d. W eek ly h o u r s fo r o ff ic e c l e r i c a l and p r o fe s s io n a l and te ch n ica l occu p a tion s r e f e r to the standard w o rk w eek (rou n d ed t o the n e a re s t h a lf h o u r) fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e re g u la r s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s (e x c lu s iv e o f pay f o r o v e r tim e at r e g u la r a n d /o r p r e m iu m ra te s ). A v e ra g e w eek ly e a rn in gs f o r th e s e o cc u p a tio n s a re rou n ded to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r. T h ese s u r v e y s m e a s u r e the le v e l o f o ccu p a tio n a l e a rn in gs in an a r e a at a p a r tic u la r tim e. C o m p a r iso n s o f in d ivid u a l o ccu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s o v e r tim e m a y not r e f le c t e x p e c te d w age ch a n g es. The a vera g e s f o r in d iv id u a l jo b s a re a ffe c te d by ch a n ges in w ages and em p loy m en t p a tte rn s. F o r exam ple, proportions of w orkers em ployed by high - or low -w age firm s may change, or high -wage w o r k e r s m a y advance to b e tte r jo b s and be r e p la c e d b y new w o r k e r s at lo w e r r a te s. S u ch sh ifts in e m p loy m en t cou ld d e c r e a s e an o ccu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e ev e n though m o s t e s ta b lis h m e n ts in an a re a in c r e a s e w a g es du ring the y e a r. T re n d s in e a rn in g s o f o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s, show n in ta b le A - 7, a re b e tte r in d ic a to r s o f w age tren d s than in d iv id u a l jo b s w ithin th e g ro u p s. A v e ra g e e a rn in gs r e fle c t c o m p o s ite, a re a w id e e s tim a te s. In d u s trie s and e s ta b lis h m e n ts d iffe r in pay le v e l and jo b sta ffin g, and thus c o n tr ib u te d iffe r e n tly t o the e s tim a te s f o r e a ch jo b. P ay a v e r a g e s m a y fa il to r e fle c t a ccu r a te ly the w age d iffe r e n tia l am on g jo b s in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts. A v e ra g e pay le v e ls fo r m en and w om en in s e le c t e d o cc u p a tio n s sh ou ld not b e a ssu m e d to r e fle c t d iffe r e n c e s in pay o f the s e x e s w ithin in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts. F a c t o r s w h ic h m a y co n trib u te to d iffe r e n c e s in clu de p r o g r e s s io n w ithin e s ta b lis h e d ra te ra n g e s, s in c e on ly th e r a te s p a id in cu m b en ts a re c o lle c t e d, and p e r fo r m a n c e o f s p e c ific d u ties w ithin the g e n e r a l s u r v e y jo b d e s c r ip t io n s. J ob d e s c r ip tio n s used to c la s s ify e m p lo y e e s in th e s e s u r v e y s u su a lly a re m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th o s e u sed in in d iv id u a l esta b lis h m en ts and a llow fo r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am on g e s ta b lis h m e n ts in s p e c ific d u ties p e r fo r m e d. O ccu p a tion a l em p loy m en t e stim a te s r e p r e s e n t the to ta l in a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ithin the s c o p e of the study and not the num ber actually surveyed. B ecause occupational structures among establishm en ts d iffe r, e stim a te s o f o ccu p a tio n a l em p lo y m e n t ob tain ed fr o m the sa m p le o f e sta b lis h m e n ts stu d ied s e r v e only to in dicate the re la tiv e im p o rta n ce o f th e jo b s stu d ied. T h e s e d iffe r e n c e s in o ccu p a tio n a l s tr u ctu re do not a ffe c t m a te r ia lly the a c c u r a c y o f th e e a rn in g s data. W age tre n d s f o r s e le c te d o ccu p a tio n a l g rou p s T h e p e r ce n ts o f change in ta ble A - 7 r e la te to w age c h a n g e s b e tw e e n the in d ic a te d d a tes. Annual ra te s o f in c r e a s e, w h ere show n, r e f le c t the am ount o f in c r e a s e fo r 12 m on th s w hen th e tim e span b etw een su rvey s w as oth er than 12 m on th s. Annual r a te s a re b a s e d on the a ssu m p tio n that w ages in creased at a constant rate between surveys. O ccupations used to com pute wage trends are : O ffice clerica l (men and w om en ): B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a to r s, c la s s B C le r k s, accou n tin g, c la s s e s A and B C le r k s, f i le, c la s s e s A, B, and C C le r k s, o r d e r C le r k s, p a y r o ll Keypunch operators, classes A and B M e s s e n g e r s S e c r e ta r ie s S te n o g ra p h e r s, g e n e ra l S te n o g ra p h e r s, s e n io r T a b u la tin g-m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s, c la s s B T ypists, classes A and B E le c tr o n ic data p r o c e s s in g (men and wom en ): C om p u ter o p e r a to r s, c la s s e s A, B, and C C om p u ter p r o g r a m m e r s, c la s s e s A, B, and C E le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g (m en and w om en ) Continued C o m p u te r s y s te m s a n a ly sts, c la s s e s A, B, and C In d u s tria l n u r s e s (m en and w o m e n ): N u rses, industrial (registered ) S k ille d m a in te n a n ce (m e n ): C a r p e n te r s E lectrician s M a ch in is ts M e c h a n ics M echanics (autom otive) P a in te rs P ipefitters T o o l and die m a k e r s U n sk ille d plant (m e n ): J a n ito r s, p o r t e r s, and c le a n e r s L a b o r e r s, m a te r ia l handling P e r c e n t ch a n g e s fo r in d iv id u a l a re a s in the p r o g r a m a re co m p u te d a s fo llo w s : 1. E ach occu p a tion is a ssig n e d a w eight b a s e d on it s p r o p o r tio n a te e m p lo y m e n t in the s e le c t e d g ro u p o f o ccu p a tio n s in the b ase y e a r. ' Personal visits were on a 2-year cycle before July Included in the 82 areas are 12 studies conducted 2. T h e se w eigh ts a re u se d to com p u te g ro u p a v e r a g e s. E a ch o c c u p a tio n 's a v e r a g e (m ea n ) by the Bureau under contract. These areas are Akron, Ohio; Austin, T e x.; Binghamton, e a rn in g s is m u ltip lie d by its w eight. The p r o d u c ts a r e to ta le d to obtain a g ro u p a v e r a g e. N.Y.- P a.; Birmingham, A la.; Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood and West Palm Beach Boca Raton, F la.; Lexington-Fayette, K y.; M elbourne-titusville- 3. T h e ra tio o f g rou p a v e r a g e s f o r 2 c o n s e c u tiv e y e a r s is co m p u te d by d iv id in g the a v e r a g e Cocoa, F la.; Norfolk-Vitginia Beach Portsmouth and Newport News-Hampton, Va. N. C.; Poughkeepeie-Kingston-Newburgh, N. Y. ; R aleigh- Durham, N. C l; Syracuse, N.Y.; and Westchester County, N.Y. In addition, the Bureau conducts more lim ited area studies in approximately 70 f o r the c u r r e n t y e a r by the a vera g e fo r the e a r lie r y e a r. T h e r e s u lts e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t le s s 10D areas at the request of the Employment Standards Administration of the U. S. Department of Labor. is the p e r c e n t change.

21 Establishm ent p ractices and supplem entary wage provisions T he B - s e r i e s ta b le s p r o v id e in fo rm a tio n on e sta blish m en t p r a c tic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age p r o v is io n s f o r fu ll- t im e plant and o f f ic e w o r k e r s. "P la n t w o r k e r s " in clu d e w ork in g fo r e m e n and a ll non s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s (in clu d in g le a d m e n and tr a in e e s ) en gaged in n o n o ffic e fu n ctio n s. C a fe te r ia w o r k e r s and r o u te m e n a re e x c lu d e d fr o m m a n u fa ctu rin g, but in clu d ed in n on m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s. " O ffic e w o r k e r s " in clu d e w o rk in g s u p e r v is o r s and n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g c l e r i c a l o r r e la te d fu n ctio n s. A d m in is tra tiv e, e x e c u tiv e, p r o fe s s io n a l, and p a r t-tim e e m p lo y e e s a re e x clu d e d. P a r t -t im e e m p lo y e e s a re th o s e h ir e d to w o rk a sch ed u le ca llin g re g u la r ly f o r fe w e r w eek ly h o u r s than the e s ta b lis h m e n t's sc h e d u le f o r fu ll- t im e e m p lo y e e s in the sa m e g e n e r a l type o f w o rk. T he d e te r m in a tio n is b a s e d on the e m p lo y e r 's d istin ctio n betw een the tw o g ro u p s w h ich m a y take into account not only d ifferen ces in w ork schedules but differences in pay and benefits. M in im u m e n tra n ce s a la r ie s f o r o ffic e w o r k e r s re la te only to the e sta b lis h m e n ts v is ite d. (See ta b le B - l. ) B e c a u s e o f the op tim u m sa m p lin g tech n iq u es u sed and the p r o b a b ility that la r g e e sta b lis h m e n ts a re m o r e lik e ly than s m a ll esta b lis h m e n ts to have fo r m a l en tra n ce ra te s a bove the su b clerica l level, the table is m ore representative of policies in m edium and large establishm ents. Shift d iffe r e n tia l data a re lim it e d to fu ll-tim e plant w o r k e r s in m anufactu rin g in d u s tr ie s. (See ta b le B - 2.) T h is in fo r m a tio n is p r e s e n te d in te r m s o f (1) esta blis h m en t p o lic y 3 f o r toted plant w o r k e r e m p lo y m e n t, and (2 ) e ffe c t iv e p r a c t ic e f o r w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on the s p e c ifie d sh ift at the tim e o f the s u r v e y. In e sta b lis h m e n ts h avin g v a r ie d d iffe r e n tia ls, ther am ount applying to a m a jo r ity is used. In e sta b lis h m e n ts h avin g s o m e la t e -s h ift h o u r s paid at n o rm a l r a te s, a d iffe re n tia l is r e c o r d e d only if it a p p lie s to a m a jo r it y o f the sh ift h o u r s. A s e c o n d (even in g) sh ift ends w ork at o r n e a r m id n igh t. A third (night) shift starts w ork at or near midnight. The scheduled w eekly hours and days of a m ajority of the first - sh ift w orkers in an establishm en t a re ta b u la ted as applyin g to a ll fu ll- t im e plant o r o ffic e w o rk e r s o f that e s ta b lis h m e n t. (See ta b le B - 3.) S ch e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s and days are th ose w h ich a m a jo r ity o f fu ll-t im e e m p lo y e e s a re expected to w ork for straight-tim e or overtim e rates. P a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a tio n s ; and h ealth, in s u ra n ce, and p en sion plans a re tr e a te d s ta tis tic a lly as applying to a ll fu ll- t im e plant o r o ff ic e w o r k e r s if a m a jo r ity o f such w o r k e r s a re e lig ib le o r m ay e v en tu a lly q u a lify f o r th e p r a c t ic e s lis te d. (See ta b le s B -4 through B - 6.) Sum s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s in ta b le s B - 2 th rou g h B - 5 m a y not e q u a l to ta ls b e ca u se o f rounding. D ata on p a id h o lid a y s a re lim ite d to h olid a y s gra n ted annually on a fo r m a l b a s is, w h ich (1) a r e p r o v id e d f o r in w ritte n fo r m, o r (2) are e sta b lis h e d by cu stom. (See ta ble B - 4.) H olid ays o r d in a r ily g ra n te d a re in clu d e d even th ou gh they m ay fa ll on a nonw ork day and the w o r k e r is not g ra n ted an oth er day o ff. T h e f ir s t p a rt o f the paid h olid a y s ta ble p re se n ts the n u m b er o f w h ole and h a lf h o lid a y s a ctu a lly g ra n ted. T h e s e c o n d p a rt co m b in e s w h ole and h a lf h o lid a y s to show to ta l h olid ay tim e. Table B - 4a reports the in cidence of the m ost com m on paid holidays. T h e su m m a ry o f v a c a tio n plans is a s ta tis tic a l m e a s u r e o f v a c a tio n p r o v is io n s ra th er than a m e a s u r e o f the p r o p o r tio n o f fu ll- t im e w o r k e r s a ctu a lly r e c e iv in g s p e c ific b e n e fits. (See ta ble B - 5.) P r o v is io n s apply t o a ll plant o r o ff ic e w o r k e r s in an e s ta b lis h m e n t r e g a r d le s s o f len gth o f s e r v ic e. P a y m en ts on o th e r than a tim e b a s is a re c o n v e r te d to a tim e p e r io d ; fo r e x a m p le, 2 p e r ce n t of annual e a rn in g s a re c o n s id e r e d eq u ivalen t to 1 w e e k 's p ay. O nly b a s ic p la n s a re in clu d ed. E s tim a tes e x clu d e v a c a tio n b o n u s e s, v a c a tio n -s a v in g s p la n s, and "e x te n d e d " o r "s a b b a tic a l" b e n e fits b eyon d b a s ic p la n s. Such p r o v is io n s a re ty p ic a l in the s t e e l, alu m in u m, and can in d u str ie s. H ealth, in s u r a n c e, and p en sioii p la n s fo r w h ich the e m p lo y e r p a y s at le a st a part o f the c o s t in clu d e th o s e (1) u n d erw ritten by a c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce com p an y o r n on p rofit o rg a n iza tio n, (2) p r o v id e d th rou g h a union fund, o r (3) p a id d ir e c tly b y the e m p lo y e r out o f c u r re n t op eratin g funds o r fr o m a fund se t a sid e fo r th is p u r p o s e. (See ta b le B - 6.) An e sta b lis h m e n t is c o n s id e r e d to have su ch a plan if the m a jo r ity o f e m p lo y e e s a re c o v e r e d even though le s s than a m a jo r ity p a rticip a te u n d er the plan b e c a u s e e m p lo y e e s. a re re q u ir e d to co n tr ib u te to w a r d the c o s t. E xclu d ed are legally required plans, such as w orkm en 's com pensation, socia l security, and railroad retirem ent. S ic k n e s s and a ccid e n t in s u ra n ce is lim ite d to that type o f in s u ra n ce under w h ich p r e d e te r m in e d c a s h p a ym en ts a re m a d e d ir e c tly to the in s u r e d du ring te m p o r a r y illn e s s o r a ccid e n t d isa bility. In fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d fo r a ll su ch p la n s to w h ich the e m p lo y e r co n tr ib u te s. H ow e v e r, in New Y o r k and New J e r s e y, w h ich have e n a cte d te m p o r a r y d is a b ility in su ra n ce law s req u irin g e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s,4 plans a re in clu d e d on ly if the e m p lo y e r (1) c o n tr ib u te s m o r e than is le g a lly re q u ire d, o r (2) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e w ith b e n e fits w h ich e x c e e d the re q u ire m e n ts o f the law. T abulation s o f p a id s ic k le a v e plans a re lim ite d to fo r m a l p la n s 5 w h ich p r o v id e fu ll pay o r a p r o p o r tio n o f the w o r k e r 's pay du rin g a b s e n ce fr o m w o rk b e c a u s e o f illn e s s. S ep a ra te tabu lation s a re p re se n te d a c c o r d in g to (1) plans w h ich p r o v id e fu ll pay and n o w aitin g p e r io d, and (2) p lans w h ich p ro v id e eith er p a r tia l pay o r a w aitin g p e r io d. In addition t o the p r e s e n ta tio n o f p r o p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s p r ov id ed s ic k n e s s and a ccid e n t in s u ra n ce o r p a id s ic k le a v e, an u n d u p lica ted to ta l is shown o f w o r k e r s who receive either o r both types of benefits. L on g t e r m d is a b ility in s u ra n ce p l^ns p r o v id e p a ym en ts t o to ta lly d isa b le d e m p lo y e e s upon the e x p ir a tio n o f th e ir p a id s ic k le a v e a n d /o r s ic k n e s s and a ccid e n t in s u r a n c e, o r a fter a p r e d e te r m in e d p e r io d o f d is a b ility (ty p ic a lly 6 m on th s). P aym en ts a re m a d e until the end o f the d isa b ility, a m a x im u m a ge, o r e lig ib ilit y fo r r e tir e m e n t b e n e fits. F u ll o r p a rtia l p aym ents a re a lm o st alw ays re d u ce d by s o c ia l s e c u r it y, w o r k m e n 's co m p e n s a tio n, and p r iv a te p e n sio n s b e n e fits p ayable to the d is a b le d e m p lo y e e. M a jo r m e d ic a l in s u ra n ce plans p r o te c t e m p lo y e e s fr o m s ic k n e s s and in ju ry ex p e n s e s beyon d the c o v e r a g e o f b a s ic h o s p ita liz a tio n, m e d ic a l, and s u r g ic a l p la n s. T y p ic a l fea tu res o f m a jo r m e d ica l plans a re (1) a " d e d u c tib le " ( e.g., $ 5 0 ) p a id by the in s u re d b e fo r e b e n e fits b egin ; (2) a co in su r a n c e fe a tu re re q u irin g the in s u r e d to pay a p o r tio n (e.g., 20 p e r c e n t) o f ce r ta in e x p e n s e s ; and (3) stated d o lla r m a x im u m b e n e fits ( e.g., $ 1 0,0 0 0 a y e a r ). M e d ic a l in su ra n ce p r o v id e s co m p le te o r p a rtia l paym en t o f d o c t o r s ' fe e s. D ental in s u ra n ce u su a lly c o v e r s fillin g s, e x tr a c tio n s, and X - r a y s. E xclu ded a re p lans w h ich c o v e r on ly o r a l s u r g e r y o r a ccid e n t d a m a ge. R e tire m e n t p en sion p la n s p ro v id e paym ents for the rem ainder of the w ork er's life. 3 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following conditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had formal provisions covering late shifts. An establishment was considered as having formal provisions if it (1) had operated late shifts during the 12 months before the survey, or (2) had provisions in written form to operate late shifts. 4 The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. 5 An establishment is considered as having a formal plan if it established at least die minimum number of days sick leave available to each employee. Such a plan need not be Written; but informal sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, are excluded.

22 Num ber of establishm ents W orkers in establishm ents In d u stry d iv is io n 2 em p loy m en t in e s ta b lis h m en ts in sc o p e o f study W ithin s c o p e o f s tu d y 5 Studied Num ber T otal4 W ithin sc o p e o f study F u ll-t im e plant w o r k e r s P e rce n t F u ll-t im e o f f ic e w o r k e r s Studied T o t a l4 ALL DIVISIONS , , , ,9 0 3 MANUFACTURING , , ,4 4 1 NONMANUFACTURING , , , ,6 5 3 TRANSPORTATION* COMMUNICATION. AND OTHER PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S , , ,0 2 1 w h o lesale TRADE , (6) <6 > 831 RETAIL TRADE , <6 > <6 > 3,4 8 5 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE , <7 > ( 6 ) 1,9 7 6 SERVICES , ( 6 > <6 > 2, The F r e s n o Standard M e tr o p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a, as d e fin e d b y the O ffic e o f M a n a gem en t and B udget through F e b r u a r y 1974, c o n s is ts o f F r e s n o C ou n ty. T h e " w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f stu d y" e stim a te s show n in th is ta ble p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a te d e s c r ip tio n o f the s iz e and c o m p o s itio n o f the la b o r fo r c e in clu d ed in the s u r v e y. E s tim a te s a r e n o t in ten d ed, h o w e v e r, f o r c o m p a r is o n w ith oth er e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t tre n d s o r le v e ls s in c e (1) p lanning o f w age s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s esta b lis h m e n t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in a d v a n ce o f the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied, and (2) s m a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts a r e e x clu d e d fr o m tile s c o p e o f the s u r v e y. The 1967 e d itio n o f the Standard In d u s tria l C la s s ific a t io n M anual w a s u se d to c la s s ify e sta b lis h m e n ts by in d u stry d iv is io n. 3 In clu d es a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts w ith to ta l e m p lo y m e n t at o r a b o v e the m in im u m lim ita tio n. A l l o u tlets (w ith in the a re a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in in d u s tr ie s su ch as tra d e, fin a n c e, auto r e p a ir s e r v ic e, and m otion picture theaters are considered as 1 establishm ent. 4 Includes executive, profession al, part -tim e, and other w orkers excluded from the separate plant and office categories. 5 Abbreviated to "public u tilities" in the A - and B - series tables. T axicabs and serv ices incidental to w ater transportation w ere excluded. 6 T h is d iv is io n is r e p r e s e n te d in e stim a te s f o r " a ll in d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g " in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s, and fo r " a ll in d u s tr ie s " in the B - s e r i e s t a b le s. S ep a ra te p r e s e n ta tio n o f data is n ot m ade f o r one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g r e a s o n s : (1) E m p lo y m e n t is to o s m a ll to p r o v id e enough data to m e r it se p a r a te study, (2) the sa m p le w a s n ot d e s ig n e d in itia lly to p e r m it s e p a r a te presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to perm it separate presentation, and (4) there is possibility of disclosu re of individual establishm ent data. 7 W o r k e r s fr o m th is e n tir e d iv is io n a re r e p r e s e n te d in e s tim a te s f o r " a ll in d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g " in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s, but fr o m the r e a l e sta te p o r tio n o n ly in e s tim a te s f o r " a ll industries " in the B - series tables. Separate presentation of data is not made fo r one or m ore of the reasons given in footnote 6. H otels and m o t e ls ; la u n d rie s and o th e r p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ; a u to m o b ile r e p a ir, re n ta l, and p a rk in g ; m o tio n p ic tu r e s ; n o n p r o fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a tio n s (e x clu d in g r e lig io u s and charitable organizations ); and engineering and architectural serv ices. Industrial com position in m anufacturing O v e r o n e -th ir d o f the w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f the s u r v e y in the F r e s n o a r e a w e re em p lo y e d in m a n u fa ctu rin g f ir m s. T he fo llo w in g p r e s e n ts the m a jo r in d u str y g ro u p s and specific industries as a percent of all m anufacturing: Industry groups S pecific industries F o o d and k in d r e d p r o d u c t s 27 M a ch in e ry, e x ce p t e le c t r i c a l 12 M o to r v e h ic le s and e q u ip m e n t 9 T ra n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t P r im a r y m e ta l in d u s t r ie s A p p a r e l and oth e r te x tile 11 7 C anned, c u r e d, and fr o z e n fo o d s _ M isce lla n e o u s fo o d s and F a b r ic a te d m e ta l p r o d u c t s T e x tile m il l p r o d u c t s 6 P rin tin g and pu blish in g 5 T h is in fo r m a tio n is b a s e d on e s tim a te s o f to ta l e m p lo y m e n t d e r iv e d fr o m u n iv e r s e m a te r ia ls c o m p ile d b e fo r e a ctu a l s u r v e y. P r o p o r tio n s in v a r io u s in d u str y d iv is io n s m a y d iffe r fr o m p r o p o r tio n s b a s ed on the r e s u lts o f the s u r v e y as show n in the appen d ix ta b le. L a b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e The fo llo w in g tabu lation sh ow s the p e r c e n t o f fu ll- t im e plant and o ffic e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in esta b lis h m e n ts in w h ich a u n ion c o n t r a c t o r c o n tr a c ts c o v e r e d a m a jo r it y o f the w o r k e r s in the r e s p e c tiv e c a t e g o r ie s, F r e s n o, C a lif., June 1975: P la n t w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s A ll in d u s t r ie s 61 7 M a n u fa ctu rin g 71 N on m anufactu rin g 54 9 P u b lic u tilitie s An esta b lis h m e n t is c o n s id e r e d to h a ve a c o n t r a c t c o v e r in g a ll plant o r o ff ic e w o r k e r s i f a m a jo r ity o f su ch w o r k e r s a re c o v e r e d b y a la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t. T h e r e fo r e, a ll oth er plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s a r e e m p lo y e d in e s ta b lis h m e n ts that e ith e r do not h a ve la b o r-m a n a g e m e n t co n tr a c ts in e ffe c t, o r h a v e c o n tr a c ts that a p p ly to fe w e r than h a lf o f th e ir plant o r o ff ic e w o r k e r s. E s tim a te s a r e n ot n e c e s s a r ily r e p r e s e n ta tiv e o f the exten t to w h ich a ll w o r k e r s in the a re a m a y be c o v e r e d b y the p r o v is io n s o f la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n ts, b e ca u se s m a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts a r e e x c lu d e d and the in d u s tr ia l s c o p e o f the s u r v e y is lim ite d.

23 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions T h e p r im a r y p u rp o s e o f p r e p a rin g jo b d e s c r ip tio n s fo r the B u r e a u 's w age s u r v e y s is to a s s is t its fie ld sta ff in c la s s ify in g in to a p p r o p r ia te o c c u p a tio n s w o r k e r s w ho a re e m p lo y e d under a v a r ie ty o f p a y r o ll tit le s and d iffe re n t w o rk a rra n g e m e n ts fr o m e s ta b lis h m e n t to e s ta b lis h m e n t and fr o m a r e a to a rea. T h is p e r m its the grou p in g o f o ccu p a tio n a l w age ra tes r e p re s e n tin g co m p a r a b le jo b con ten t. B e c a u s e o f th is e m p h a sis on in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t and in te r a r e a co m p a r a b ility o f o ccu p a tio n a l con ten t, the B u r e a u 's jo b d e s c r ip tio n s m a y d iffe r sig n ifica n tly fr o m th o se in u se in in d iv id u a l e sta b lis h m e n ts o r th o se p r e p a re d f o r oth e r p u r p o s e s. In applyin g th e s e jo b d e s c r ip t io n s, the B u r e a u 's fie ld e c o n o m is ts are in stru c te d to exclude working su pervisors; apprentices; learn ers; beginners ; trainees; and handicapped, part - tim e, tem porary, and probationary w orkers. OFFICE B IL L E R, M A CH IN E P r e p a r e s s ta te m e n ts, b ills, and in v o ic e s on a m a ch in e oth er than an o r d in a ry o r e le c t r o m a t ic ty p e w r ite r. M ay a ls o k e e p r e c o r d s as to b illin g s o r shipping ch a rg e s o r p e r fo r m oth er c l e r i c a l w ork in c id e n ta l t o b illin g o p e r a tio n s. F o r w age study p u r p o s e s, b ille r s, m a ch in e, a re c la s s ifie d b y type o f m a c h in e, ^s fo llo w s : B i ll e r, m a ch in e (b illin g m a c h in e ). U ses a s p e c ia l b illin g m ach in e (co m b in a tio n typin g and adding m a ch in e ) t o p r e p a r e b ills and in v o ic e s fr o m c u s t o m e r s ' p u rch a se o r d e r s, in te rn a lly p r e p a r e d o r d e r s, sh ippin g m e m o r a n d u m s, e tc. U s u a lly in v o lv e s a p p lication o f p r e d e te r m in e d d iscou n ts and sh ippin g c h a r g e s and e n try o f n e c e s s a r y e x te n s io n s, w h ich m ay o r m ay not b e com p u ted on the b illin g m a c h in e, and to ta ls w h ich a re a u to m a tica lly a ccu m u la ted by m a ch in e. T he o p e r a tio n u su ally in v o lv e s a large num ber pf carbon cop ies of the b ill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold m achine. B i lle r, m a ch in e (b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e ). U ses a b ook k eep in g m ach in e (w ith o r without a ty p e w r ite r k e y b o a r d ) t o p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ' b ills as p art o f the accou n ts r e c e iv a b le op e r a tio n. G e n e r a lly in v o lv e s the sim u lta n e o u s e n try o f fig u r e s on c u s t o m e r s ' le d g e r r e c o r d. T he m a ch in e a u to m a tica lly a ccu m u la te s fig u r e s on a n u m b e r o f v e r t ic a l colu m n s and com p u tes and u su a lly p rin ts a u to m a tica lly the debit o r c r e d it b a la n c e s. D oes not in volve a k n ow ledge of b ook k eep in g. W o rk s fr o m u n ifo r m and sta n d a rd ty p e s o f s a le s and c r e d it s lip s. BOOKKEEPING -M ACHINE O PERATO R O p e r a te s a b o o k k e e p in g m a ch in e (w ith o r w ithout a ty p e w r ite r k e y b o a rd ) to k e e p a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s tr a n s a c tio n s. C la s s A. K e e p s a set o f r e c o r d s re q u irin g a kn ow ledge o f and e x p e r ie n c e in b a s ic b ook k eep in g p r in c ip le s, and fa m ilia r ity w ith the s tr u c tu r e o f the p a r tic u la r accou n tin g s y s te m u sed. D e te rm in e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d is tr ib u tio n o f d eb it and c r e d it ite m s to be u sed in ea ch ph ase o f the w o rk. M ay prepare consolidated rep orts, balance sheets, and other records by hand. C la s s B. K e e p s a r e c o r d o f one o r m o r e p h ases o r se c tio n s o f a set o f r e c o r d s u su ally re q u irin g little k n ow led g e o f b a s ic b o o k k e e p in g. P h a s e s o r s e c tio n s include a cco u n ts p a y a b le, p a y r o ll, c u s t o m e r s ' a cco u n ts (not in clu d in g a s im p le type o f b illin g d e s c r ib e d under b ille r, m a ch in e ), c o s t d is tr ib u tio n, ex p e n s e d is tr ib u tio n, in v e n to r y c o n t r o l, e tc. M ay ch e c k o r a s s is t in p r e p a ra tio n o f t r ia l balances and prepare con trol sheets for the accounting department. C L E R K S, A CC OU N TIN G P e r fo r m s one o r m o r e a ccou n tin g c l e r i c a l ta sk s su ch as p o s tin g to r e g is t e r s and le d g e r s ; r e c o n c ilin g bank a cco u n ts ; v e r ify in g the in te rn a l c o n s is te n c y, c o m p le te n e s s, and m a th em a tica l a c c u r a c y o f a ccou n tin g d o c u m e n ts; assign in g p r e s c r ib e d accou n tin g d istr ib u tio n c o d e s ; exam in in g and v e rify in g fo r c l e r i c a l a c c u r a c y v a r io u s ty p e s o f r e p o r t s, lis t s, c a lc u la tio n s, p o s tin g, e t c.; o r p re p a rin g sim p le o r a s s is tin g in p r e p a rin g m o r e c o m p lic a te d jo u r n a l v o u c h e r s. M ay w o rk in e ith e r a m anual o r autom ated a ccou n tin g s y ste m. T h e w o rk r e q u ir e s a know ledge o f c l e r i c a l m eth od s and o ff ic e p r a c t ic e s and p r o c e d u r e s w hich re la te s to the c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s in g and r e c o r d in g o f tra n s a c tio n s and a ccou n tin g in fo rm a tio n. W ith e x p e r ie n c e, the w o r k e r ty p ic a lly b e c o m e s fa m ilia r w ith the b ook k eep in g and accou n tin g te r m s and p r o c e d u r e s u sed in the a ssig n e d w o r k, but is not r e q u ir e d to have a know ledge o f the fo r m a l p r in c ip le s o f b o ok k eep in g and a ccou n tin g. P ositions are classified into levels on the basis of the follow ing definitions. C la s s A. U n der g e n e ra l s u p e r v is io n, p e r fo r m s a ccou n tin g c l e r i c a l o p era tion s w h ich re q u ire the a p p lic a tio n o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju d g m e n t, fo r e x a m p le, c l e r i c a ll y p r o c e s s in g c o m p lic a te d o r n o n r e p e titiv e a ccou n tin g tr a n s a c tio n s, s e le ctin g am ong a su b sta n tia l v a r ie ty o f p r e s c r ib e d accoun ting c o d e s and c la s s ific a t io n s, o r tr a c in g tra n s a c tio n s though p r e v io u s accou n tin g a ction s to d eterm in e source of discrepan cies. May be assisted by one or m ore class B accounting clerk s. C la s s B. U n der c lo s e s u p e r v is io n, fo llo w in g d eta iled in s tru c tio n s and sta n d a rd ized p r o c e d u r e s, p e r fo r m s one o r m o r e rou tin e a ccou n tin g c l e r i c a l o p e r a tio n s, su ch as p ostin g to le d g e r s, c a r d s, or w o rk s h e e ts w h e re id e n tific a tio n o f ite m s and lo c a tio n s o f p o s tin g s a re c le a r ly in d ica ted ; ch eck in g a c c u r a c y and c o m p le te n e s s o f sta n d a rd ized and re p e titiv e r e c o r d s o r accou n tin g d ocu m en ts; and cod in g docum ents using a few p rescrib ed accounting codes. C L E R K, F IL E F ile s, c l a s s i f ie s, and r e t r ie v e s m a te r ia l in an e s ta b lis h e d filin g sy ste m. M ay p e r fo r m c l e r i c a l and m anual ta s k s r e q u ir e d to m ain tain file s. P o s itio n s a re c la s s ifie d in to le v e ls on the b a s is of the follow ing definitions. C la s s A. C la s s if ie s and in d e x e s file m a te r ia l su ch as c o r r e s p o n d e n c e, r e p o r ts, te c h n ic a l d o c u m e n ts, e t c., in an e s ta b lis h e d filin g s y s te m con tain in g a n u m b er o f v a r ie d su b ject m a tter file s. M ay a ls o file th is m a te r ia l. M ay k e e p r e c o r d s o f v a r io u s ty p e s in con ju n ction w ith the file s. May le a d a s m a ll g ro u p o f lo w e r le v e l file c le r k s. R evised occupational depcriptions for sw itchboard operator; sw itchboard op era tor- re - L isted below are revised occupational titles introduced this year to elim inate sex c e p tio n is t; m a c h in e -t o o l o p e r a t o r, t o o lr o o m ; and t o o l and die m a k er a re b e in g in tr o d u c e d th is y e a r. s te r e o ty p e s in the title s : They are the result o f the B ureau 's policy of periodically reviewing area wage survey occupational d e s c r ip tio n s in o r d e r to take in to a ccou n t t e c h n o lo g ic a l d ev elop m en ts and to c la r if y d e s c r ip tio n s so that they are m ore readily understood and uniform ly interpreted. Even though the revised R evised title F orm er title d e s c r ip tio n s r e f le c t b a s ic a lly the sa m e occ u p a tio n s as p r e v io u s ly d efin ed, s o m e r e p o rtin g ch a n ges m ay occu r because of the revision s. D rafter Draftsm an The new single level description for switchboard operator is not the equivalent of the two D ra fter - tra cer D raftsm an-tracer le v e ls p r e v io u s ly d e fin e d. B o ile r te n d e r F ir e m a n, sta tion a ry b o ile r

24 C la s s B. S o r ts, c o d e s, and file s u n c la s s ifie d m a te r ia l by s im p le (s u b je c t m a tte r ) headings o r p a rtly c la s s ifie d m a te r ia l b y fin e r su bheadin gs. P r e p a r e s sim p le re la te d in dex and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e aid s. As re q u e s te d, lo c a t e s c le a r ly id e n tifie d m a te r ia l in file s and fo r w a r d s m a te r ia l. M ay p e r fo r m related clerica l tasks required to maintain and service files. S E C R E T A R Y C ontinued Exclusions Not all p o s itio n s that a re title d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s the abov e c h a r a c t e r is tic s. p o s itio n s w h ich are e x clu d e d fr o m the d e fin itio n a re as fo llo w s : E x a m p le s o f C la s s C. P e r fo r m s rou tin e filin g o f m a te r ia l that has a lre a d y been c la s s ifie d o r w h ich is e a s ily c la s s ifie d in a s im p le s e r ia l c la s s ific a t io n s y s te m (e.g., a lp h a b e tic a l, c h r o n o lo g ic a l, o r n u m e rica l). As re q u e s te d, lo c a t e s r e a d ily a vaila ble m a te r ia l in f ile s and fo r w a r d s m a te r ia l; and n\ay f i ll out w ith d ra w a l ch a r g e. M ay p e r fo r m sim p le c l e r i c a l and m anual ta sk s r e q u ir e d to m ain tain and s e r v ic e file s. CLERK, ORDER R e c e iv e s c u s to m e rs* o r d e r s f o r m a te r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e b y m a il, p h on e, o r p e r s o n a lly. D uties in volve any co m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g ; Q uoting p r ic e s to c u s t o m e r s ; m akin g out an o r d e r sh eet listin g the ite m s to m ake up the o r d e r ; ch eck in g p r ic e s and q u an tities o f ite m s on o r d e r sh eet; and d istrib u tin g o r d e r sh e e ts to r e s p e c tiv e d ep artm en ts to b e fille d. M ay ch e c k w ith c r e d it dep artm en t to d eterm in e c r e d it ratin g o f c u s t o m e r, ack n ow ledge r e c e ip t o f o r d e r s fr o m c u s t o m e r s, fo llo w up o r d e r s to se e that th ey have b een fille d, k e e p file o f o r d e r s r e c e iv e d, and ch e c k shipping in v o ic e s w ith o r ig in a l o r d e r s. C L E R K, P A Y R O L L C om p u tes w a g es o f com p a n y e m p lo y e e s and e n te rs the n e c e s s a r y data on the p a y r o ll sh e e ts. D uties in volves C a lcu la tin g w o rk e r s* e a rn in gs b a s e d on tim e o r p r o d u c tio n r e c o r d s ; and_ p ostin g ca lc u la te d data on p a y r o ll sh e e t, show ing in fo rm a tio n su ch as w o r k e r 's n a m e, w drk in g d a y s, tim e, ra te, d ed u ction s fo r in s u r a n c e, and to ta l w ages due. M ay m ake out p a y ch e c k s and a s s is t p a y m a s te r in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating m achine. K EYPU N CH O P E R A T O R O p erates a keypu n ch m a ch in e to r e c o r d o r v e r ify a lp h abetic a n d /o r n u m e r ic data on tabulating ca rd s o r on tape. Positions are classified into levels on the basis of the follow ing definitions. C la s s A. W ork re q u ir e s the a p p lication o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju dgm en t in s e le ctin g p r o c e d u r e s to be fo llo w e d and in s e a rch in g f o r, in te r p r e tin g, s e le c tin g, o r co d in g ite m s t o be k eypu n ch ed fr o m a v a r ie ty o f s o u r c e d o cu m e n ts. On o c c a s io n m a y a ls o p e r fo r m so m e rou tin e k eypu n ch w o rk. M ay tra in in e x p e rie n ce d k eypu n ch o p e r a to r s. C la s s B. W ork is rou tin e and re p e titiv e. U n der c lo s e s u p e rv is io n o r fo llo w in g s p e c ific p r o c e d u r e s o r in s tru c tio n s, w o rk s fr o m v a r io u s s ta n d a rd ized s o u r c e d ocu m en ts w h ich h ave been co d e d, and fo llo w s s p e c ifie d p r o c e d u r e s w h ich have been p r e s c r ib e d in d e ta il and r e q u ir e little o r n o s e le c tin g, co d in g, o r in te r p r e tin g o f data to be r e c o r d e d. R e fe r s to s u p e r v is o r p r o b le m s a ris in g fr o m e r r o n e o u s item s or codes or m issing inform ation. M ESSENGER P e r fo r m s v a r io u s rou tin e du ties such as running e r r a n d s, op eratin g m in o r o ff ic e m a ch in es su ch as s e a le r s o r m a ile r s, open ing and d istrib u tin g m a il, and oth e r m in o r c l e r i c a l w o rk. E x clu d e p osition s that req u ire op eration o f a m o to r v e h ic le as a sign ifica n t duty. S E C R E T A R Y A s s ig n e d as p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y, n o r m a lly to one in d iv id u a l. M ain tain s a c lo s e and highly re s p o n s iv e r e la tio n sh ip to the d a y -to -d a y w ork o f the s u p e r v is o r. W o rk s fa ir ly in depen den tly re c e iv in g a m in im u m o f d e ta ile d su p e rv is io n and gu id an ce. P e r fo r m s v a r ie d c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r ia l d u tie s, u su a lly in clu d in g m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : a. R e c e iv e s telep h on e c a lls, p e r s o n a l c a ll e r s, and in co m in g m a il, a n sw e rs routine in q u ire s, and rou tes te c h n ic a l in q u irie s to the p r o p e r p e r s o n s ; b. E stablishes, m aintains, and revises the su p ervisor 's files; c. Maintains the su p ervisor 's calendar and m akes appointments as instructed ; d. R elay s m e s s a g e s fr o m s u p e r v is o r to su b ord in a tes; e. R ev iew s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e, m e m o ra n d u m s, and r e p o r ts p r e p a r e d by o th e rs fo r the s u p e r v isor's signature to assure procedural and typographic accuracy ; f. P e r fo r m s s te n o g ra p h ic and typing w o rk. M ay a ls o p e r fo r m oth e r c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r ia l ta sk s o f co m p a r a b le n atu re and d ifficu lty. The w ork ty p ic a lly re q u ir e s kn ow ledge o f o ff ic e rou tin e and understandin g o f the o rg a n iz a tio n, p r o g r a m s, and p r o c e d u r e s re la te d to the w ork o f the s u p e r v is o r. a. P ositions which do not m eet the " p erson a l" secreta ry concept described above; b. Stenographers not fully trained in secreta ria l type duties; c. Stenographers serving as office assistants to a group of p rofession al, technical, or m a n a g e r ia l p e r s o n s ; d. S ecretary position s in w hich the du ties are eith er su bstan tially m o re routine o r substantially m ore com plex and responsible than those ch aracterized in the definition ; e. A ssis ta n t type p o s itio n s w h ich in v o lv e m o r e d iffic u lt o r m o r e r e s p o n s ib le te c h n ic a l, a d m in is tr a tiv e, s u p e r v is o r y, o r s p e c ia liz e d c l e r i c a l d u ties w h ich a re not t y p ic a l o f s e c r e t a r ia l w o rk. N O T E : The t e r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r, " u se d in the le v e l d e fin itio n s fo llo w in g, r e f e r s to th o se o ffic ia ls w ho have a sign ifica n t c o r p o r a t e -w id e p o lic y m a k in g r o le w ith r e g a r d t o m a jo r com p an y activities. The title " vice p residen t," though norm ally indicative of this to le, does not in all cases identify such positions. V ice presidents w hose prim ary responsibility is to act personally on individual c a s e s o r tra n sa ctio n s ( e.g., a p p rove o r den y in d iv id u a l loa n o r c r e d it a c tio n s ; a d m in is te r in d iv id u a l tru s t a cco u n ts ; d ir e c tly s u p e rv is e a c l e r i c a l s ta ff) a re not c o n s id e r e d to be " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r s " fo r p u r p o s e s o f applying the follow in g le v e l d e fin itio n s. C la s s A 1. S e c r e ta r y to the ch a irm an o f the b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t o f a co m p a n y that e m p lo y s, in a ll, over 100 but few er than 5, 000 p erson s ; or 2. S e c r e ta r y to a c o r p o r a te o ff ic e r (o th e r than the ch a irm a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t) o f a com pany that em ploys, in all, over 5, 000 but (ew er than 25, 000 p erson s ; or 3. S e c r e ta r y to the h ead, im m e d ia te ly b e lo w the c o r p o r a t e o f f ic e r le v e l, o f a m a jo r segm en t or subsidiary of a com pany that em ploys, in all, over 25,000 p erson s. C la s s B 1. S e c r e ta r y to the ch a irm an o f the b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t o f a co m p a n y that e m p lo y s, in a ll, few er than 100 persons ; or 2. S e c r e ta r y to a c o r p o r a te o ff ic e r (o th e r than the ch a irm a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t) o f a com pany that em ploys, in all, over 100 but few er than 5, 000 p erson s ; or 3. Secretary to the head, im m ediately below the o fficer level, over either a m ajor corp oratew id e fu n ction a l a ctiv ity (e.g., m a rk e tin g, r e s e a r c h, o p e r a tio n s, in d u s tr ia l r e la t io n s, e t c.) o r a m a jo r g e o g r a p h ic o r org a n iza tio n a l segm en t (e.g., a r e g io n a l h e a d q u a r te rs; a m a jo r d iv is io n ) o f a com p an y that em ploys, in all, over 5,000 but few er than 25,000 em ployees; or 4. S e c r e ta r y to the head o f an in d iv id u a l p la n t, fa c t o r y, e t c. (o r o th e r eq u iv a len t le v e l o f officia l) that em ploys, in all, over 5,000 p erson s ; or 5. S e c r e ta r y to the head o f a la r g e and im p orta n t o rg a n iz a tio n a l seg m en t ( e.g., a m id d le m anagem en t s u p e r v is o r o f an o r g a n iz a tio n a l se g m en t often in volvin g as m any as s e v e r a l h undred persons ) or a company that em ploys, in all, over 25,000 p erson s. C la s s G 1. S e cr e ta r y to an ex e cu tiv e o r m a n a g e r ia l p e r s o n w h ose r e s p o n s ib ilit y is not e q u iv a len t to one o f the s p e c ific le v e l situ ation s in the d e fin itio n f o r c la s s B, but w h ose o r g a n iz a tio n a l unit n o r m a lly n u m b ers at le a st s e v e r a l d ozen e m p lo y e e s and is u su a lly d iv id e d in to o rg a n iz a tio n a l se g m e n ts w h ich a re often, in tu rn, fu rth e r su b d ivid ed. In s o m e c o m p a n ie s, th is le v e l in clu d e s a w id e range o f organizational echelons ; in others, only one or tw o ; o 2. S e c r e ta r y to the head o f an in d iv id u a l p la n t, fa c t o r y, e tc. (o r o th e r e q u iv a len t le v e l o f officia l) that em ploys, in all, few er than 5,000 p erson s. C la s s D 1. S e c r e ta r y to the s u p e r v is o r o r h ea d o f a s m a ll o rg a n iz a tio n a l unit (e.g., fe w e r than about 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ); o r 2. S e cr e ta r y to a non s u p e r v is o r y s ta ff s p e c ia lis t, p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e, a d m in istr a tiv e o f f ic e r, o r a ssista n t, sk ille d tech n icia n o r e x p e r t. (N O TE : M any co m p a n ie s a ssig n s te n o g r a p h e r s, rather than secretaries as described above, to this level of su pervisory or non su pervisory w ork er.)

25 P r im a r y duty is t o take d icta tio n u sin g sh orth an d, and to tra n s c r ib e the d icta tion. M ay a ls o ty p e fr o m w ritten co p y. M ay o p e r a te f r o m a s te n o g ra p h ic p o o l. M ay o c c a s io n a lly t r a n s c r ib e fr o m v o ic e r e c o r d in g s (if p r im a r y duty is tr a n s c r ib in g fr o m r e c o r d in g s, s e e T ra n s c r ib in g -M a c h in e O p e r a to r, G e n e ra l). N O T E ; T h is jo b is d istin g u ish e d fr o m that o f a s e c r e ta r y in that a s e c r e t a r y n o r m a lly w o rk s in a co n fid e n tia l r e la tio n s h ip w ith on ly one m a n a g e r o r e x e cu tive and p e r fo r m s m o r e re s p o n s ib le and discretionary tasks as d escrib ed in the secretary job definition. Stenographer, G eneral D ictation in v o lv e s a n o r m a l rou tin e v o ca b u la ry. M ay m aintain f ile s, k e e p sim p le r e c o r d s, o r p e r fo r m o th e r r e la t iv e ly rou tin e c l e r i c a l ta sk s. S te n o g ra p h e r, S e n io r D ictation in v o lv e s a v a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o ca b u la ry su ch as in le g a l b r ie fs o r reports on scien tific research. May also set up and maintain files, keep record s, etc. OR P e r fo r m s ste n o g r a p h ic d u ties re q u irin g sig n ifica n tly g r e a te r in d ep en d en ce and r e s p o n s ib ility than stenographer, general, as evidenced by the follow ing : W ork requires a high degree of stenographic s p e e d and a c c u r a c y ; a th o ro u g h w o rk in g k n ow led ge o f g e n e ra l b u s in e s s and o ff ic e p r o c e d u r e ; and o f the s p e c ific b u s in e s s o p e r a tio n s, o r g a n iz a tio n, p o lic ie s, p r o c e d u r e s, file s, w o rk flo w, e tc. U ses th is k n ow led g e in p e r fo r m in g s te n o g r a p h ic d u ties and re s p o n s ib le c l e r i c a l ta sk s such as m ain tain in g follow u p f i le s ; a s s e m b lin g m a te r ia l f o r r e p o r t s, m e m o ra n d u m s, and le t t e r s ; co m p o sin g sim p le le tte r s fr o m g e n e r a l in s tr u c tio n s ; rea d in g and rou tin g in co m in g m a il; and a n sw erin g routine q u e s tio n s, e tc. S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R O p e r a te s a te le p h o n e s w itc h b o a r d o r c o n s o le u sed w ith a p riv a te b ra n ch exch a n ge (P B X ) s y s te m to r e la y in c o m in g, ou tg o in g, and in tr a -s y s t e m c a lls. M ay p r o v id e in fo rm a tio n to c a lle r s, r e c o r d and tra n s m it m e s s a g e s, k e e p r e c o r d o f c a lls p la ce d and t o ll c h a r g e s. B e s id e s op eratin g a te le p h o n e s w itc h b o a r d o r c o n s o le, m a y a ls o type o r p e r fo r m rou tin e c le r ic a l w ork (typing o r rou tin e c l e r i c a l w o rk m a y o c c u p y the m a jo r p o r tio n o f the w o r k e r s tim e, and is u su a lly p e r fo r m e d w h ile at the s w itc h b o a r d o r c o n s o le ). C h ie f o r le a d o p e r a to r s in e sta blish m en ts em p loy in g m o r e than one o p e r a t o r a r e e x clu d e d. F o r an o p e r a t o r w h o a lso a cts as a re c e p tio n is t, se e S w itch b oa rd O p e r a to r - R eceptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATO R -RECEPTIO N IST At a single -position telephone sw itchboard or con sole, acts both as an operator see Switchb o a r d O p e r a to r and as a r e c e p t io n is t. R e c e p tio n is t's w ork in v o lv e s such du ties as g re e tin g v is it o r s ; d e te r m in in g n a tu re o f v i s i t o r 's b u s in e s s and p r o v id in g a p p ro p ria te in fo rm a tio n ; r e fe r r in g v is it o r to a p p r o p r ia te p e r s o n in the o r g a n iz a tio n, o r co n ta ctin g that p e r s o n b y telep h on e and a rra n g in g an appointm ent; keeping a log of v isitors. O p e ra te s one o r a v a r ie ty o f m a ch in e s su ch as the ta b u la to r, c a lc u la t o r, c o lla t o r, in te r p r e te r, s o r t e r, re p ro d u cin g pu n ch, e tc. E x clu d e d fr o m th is d efin ition a re w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s. A ls o ex clu d ed are operators of electron ic digital com puters, even though they may also operate EAM equipment. Positions are classified into levels on the basis of the follow ing definitions. C la s s A. P e r fo r m s c o m p le te re p o rtin g and tabu latin g a ssig n m e n ts in clu din g d ev isin g d ifficu lt c o n t r o l p a n el w ir in g u n d er g e n e r a l su p e r v is io n. A s s ig n m e n ts ty p ic a lly in v o lv e a v a r ie ty o f lon g and c o m p le x r e p o r ts w h ich often a re ir r e g u la r o r n o n r e c u r r in g, re q u irin g so m e planning o f the n atu re and seq u en cin g o f o p e r a tio n s, and the use o f a v a r ie ty o f m a ch in e s. Is ty p ic a lly in volved in tra in in g new o p e r a to r s in m a ch in e o p e r a tio n s o r tra in in g lo w e r le v e l o p e r a to r s in w irin g fr o m d ia g r a m s and in the op eratin g s e q u e n c e s o f lon g and c o m p le x r e p o r t s. D oes not in clu d e p o s itio n s in w h ich w irin g r e s p o n s ib ility is lim ite d to s e le c tio n and in s e r tio n o f p r e w ir e d b o a r d s. C la s s B. P e r fo r m s w ork a c c o r d in g to e s ta b lis h e d p r o c e d u r e s and under s p e c ific in s tru c tio n s. A s sig n m e n ts ty p ic a lly in v o lv e c o m p le te but rou tin e and r e c u r r in g r e p o r ts o r p a rts o f la r g e r and m o r e c o m p le x r e p o r t s. O p e ra te s m o r e d iffic u lt tabulating o r e le c t r ic a l a ccou n tin g m a ch in es su ch as the ta bu lator and c a lc u la t o r, in addition to the s im p le r m a ch in e s u sed by c la s s C o p e r a to r s. M ay be re q u ir e d to do s o m e w ir in g fr o m d ia g r a m s. M ay tra in new e m p lo y e e s in b a s ic m a ch in e op e ra tio n s. C la s s C. U n der s p e c ific in s tru c tio n s, o p e r a te s s im p le tabulating o r e le c t r ic a l accounting m a ch in e s su ch as the s o r t e r, in te r p r e t e r, re p ro d u cin g pu nch, c o lla t o r, e tc. A s sig n m en ts ty p ica lly in volve p o r tio n s o f a w o rk unit, f o r e x a m p le, in d iv id u a l so r tin g o r co lla tin g ru n s, o r rep etitive o p e r a tio n s. M ay p e r fo r m sim p le w ir in g fr o m d ia g r a m s, and do so m e filin g w ork. T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R, G ENERAL, P r im a r y duty is to tr a n s c r ib e d icta tion in volvin g a n o r m a l rou tin e v o ca b u la ry fr o m tra n - s c r ib in g -m a c h in e r e c o r d s. M ay a ls o type fr o m w ritten co p y and do sim p le c le r ic a l w o rk. W o rk e rs tr a n s c r ib in g d icta tion in volvin g a v a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y su ch as le g a l b r ie fs o r r e p o r ts on s c ie n t ific r e s e a r c h are not in clu d e d. A w o r k e r w ho ta k es d icta tion in shorthand o r by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine is classified as a stenographer. T Y P IS T U ses a ty p e w r ite r to m ake c o p ie s o f v a r io u s m a te r ia ls o r to m ake out b ills a fter ca lcu la tio n s have b een m a d e b y anoth er p e r s o n. M ay in clu d e typin g o f s t e n c ils, m a ts, o r s im ila r m a te r ia ls fo r u se in du p licatin g p r o c e s s e s. M ay d o c l e r i c a l w o rk in volvin g little s p e c ia l tra in in g, su ch as keep ing sim ple record s, filing record s and rep orts, or sorting and distributing incom ing m ail. C lass A. P erform s one or m ore of the follow ing: Typing m aterial in final form when it in v o lv e s com b in in g m a te r ia l fr o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s ; o r r e s p o n s ib ility f o r c o r r e c t sp e llin g, s y lla b ica tio n, pu n ctu ation, e t c., o f t e c h n ic a l o r unusual w o rd s o r fo r e ig n language m a te r ia l; o r planning layout and typin g o f c o m p lic a te d s ta tis tic a l ta b le s to m ain tain u n ifo rm ity and b a la n c e in sp acin g. M ay type routine form letters, varying details to suit circum stan ces. C la s s B. P e r fo r m s one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : C op y typing fr o m rough o r c le a r d ra fts; o r rou tin e typin g o f f o r m s, in su ra n ce p o lic ie s, e tc; o r settin g up sim p le standard ta bu lation s; o r cop yin g m o r e c o m p le x ta b le s a lrea d y set up and sp a c e d p r o p e r ly. PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL COM PUTER OPERATOR M o n ito rs and o p e r a te s the c o n t r o l c o n s o le o f a d ig ita l co m p u te r to p r o c e s s data c c c o r d in g to o p e r a tin g in s tr u c tio n s, u su a lly p r e p a r e d b y a p r o g r a m m e r. W ork in clu d es m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : S tu d ies in s tr u c tio n s to d e te r m in e eq u ip m en t setup and o p e r a tio n s; loads equip m ent w ith re q u ire d ite m s (tape r e e ls, c a r d s, e t c.); s w itc h e s n e c e s s a r y a u xilia ry equip m ent in to c ir c u it, and sta rts and o p e r a te s co m p u te r ; m a k e s a d ju stm en ts t o c o m p u te r to c o r r e c t operatin g p r o b le m s and m e e t s p e c ia l c o n d itio n s ; re v ie w s e r r o r s m a d e du rin g op eration and d e te r m in e s ca u se o r r e f e r s p r o b le m to s u p e r v is o r o r p r o g r a m m e r ; and m a in ta in s operatin g r e c o r d s. M ay test and a s s is t in c o r r e c tin g p r o g r a m. F o r w age study p u r p o s e s, co m p u te r o p e r a to r s a re c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : C la s s A. O p e r a te s in d ep en d en tly, o r under only g e n e ra l d ire c tio n, a c o m p u te r running program s with m ost of the follow ing ch aracteristics : New program s are frequently tested and in tr o d u c e d ; sch ed u lin g re q u ir e m e n ts a re o f c r it ic a l im p o rta n ce to m in im iz e d ow n tim e; the p r o g r a m s a re o f c o m p le x d esig n s o that id e n tific a tio n o f e r r o r so u r c e often r e q u ire s a w ork in g k n ow ledge o f the to ta l p r o g r a m, and a lte rn a te p r o g r a m s m a y not be a va ila b le. M ay give d ire c tio n and gu id an ce to lo w e r le v e l o p e r a to r s. COM PUTER OPERATOR Continued C la s s _ B. O p erates in d epen d en tly, o r u n d er only g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n, a c o m p u te r running program s with m ost of the follow ing ch a ra cteristics : M ost of the program s are established production ru n s, ty p ic a lly run on a r e g u la r ly r e c u r r in g b a s is ; th e re is little o r n o testin g o f new p r o g r a m s r e q u ir e d ; a ltern a te p r o g r a m s a re p r o v id e d in c a s e o r ig in a l p r o g r a m n e e d s m a jo r change o r cannot be c o r r e c t e d w ithin a re a s o n a b ly tim e. In c o m m o n e r r o r s itu a tio n s, d ia g n o s e s ca u se and ta k es c o r r e c tiv e a ctio n. T h is u su a lly in v o lv e s applying p r e v io u s ly p r o g r a m m e d c o r r e c t iv e ste p s, o r using standard c o r r e c tio n te ch n iq u e s. OR O p e ra te s u n d er d ir e c t su p e r v is io n a c o m p u te r running p r o g r a m s o r seg m en ts o f p r o g ra m s w ith the c h a r a c t e r is tic s d e s c r ib e d fo r c la s s A. M ay a s s is t a h igh er le v e l o p e r a to r by in depen dently p e r fo r m in g le s s d iffic u lt ta sk s a ssig n e d, and p e r fo r m in g d ifficu lt ta sk s follow in g d eta iled in stru c tio n s and w ith frequ en t re v ie w o f o p era tion s p e r fo r m e d. C la s s C. W o rk s on rou tin e p r o g r a m s under c lo s e s u p e rv is io n. Is e x p e c te d to d e v e lo p w orkin g k n ow ledge o f the c o m p u te r equip m en t u sed and a bility to d e te c t p r o b le m s in v o lv e d in running routine p r o g r a m s. U s u a lly has r e c e iv e d so m e fo r m a l tra in in g in co m p u te r o p e r a tio n. M ay a s s is t h ig h e r le v e l o p e r a to r on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s.

26 C o n v e rts sta tem en ts o f b u s in e s s p r o b le m s, t y p ic a lly p r e p a r e d b y a s y s te m s a n aly st, in to a se q u en ce o f d e ta ile d in s tru c tio n s w h ich a re r e q u ir e d to s o lv e the p r o b le m s b y a u tom a tic data p r o c e s s in g equip m ent. W ork in g fr o m ch a rts o r d ia g r a m s, the p r o g r a m m e r d e v e lo p s the p r e c is e in s tru c tio n s w h ich, w hen e n te re d in to the co m p u te r s y s t e m in c o d e d la n g u a ge, c a u s e th e m a n ip u la tion o f data t o a ch ieve d e s ir e d r e s u lts. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : A p p lie s k n ow led g e o f c o m p u te r c a p a b ilitie s, m a th e m a tic s, lo g ic e m p lo y e d b y c o m p u t e r s, and p a r tic u la r s u b je c t m a tte r in v o lv e d to a n aly ze c h a rts and d ia gra m s o f th e p r o b le m to b e p r o g r a m m e d ; d e v e lo p s se q u e n ce o f p r o g r a m s te p s ; w r ite s d e ta ile d flo w ch a rts t o show o r d e r in w h ich data w ill b e p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e r ts th e s e ch a rts to c o d e d in s tru c tio n s fo r m a ch in e t o fo llo w ; t e s t s and c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s in s tru c tio n s f o r o p e r a tin g p e r s o n n e l du ring p r o d u c tio n run; a n a ly z e s, r e v ie w s, and a lte r s p r o g r a m s t o in c r e a s e o p e r a tin g e ff ic ie n c y o r adapt to new requirem ents ; m aintains record s of program developm ent and revision s. (NOTE : W orkers p e r fo r m in g b o th s y s te m s a n a ly sis and p r o g r a m m in g sh ou ld b e c la s s ifie d as s y s te m s a n alysts i f th is is the s k ill u sed t o d e te r m in e t h e ir p a y.) D o e s n ot in clu d e e m p lo y e e s p r im a r ily r e s p o n s ib le f o r the m a n agem en t o r s u p e r v is io n o f oth er e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s, o r p r o g r a m m e r s p r im a r ily c o n c e r n e d w ith s c ie n t ific a n d /o r engin eerin g p r o b le m s. F or w age study pu rposes, program m ers are cla ssified as follow s : C la s s A. W o rk s in d epen d en tly o r u n d er on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s w h ich r e q u ire co m p e te n c e in a ll p h a s e s o f p r o g r a m m in g co n c e p ts and p r a c t ic e s. W ork in g fr o m d ia g r a m s and ch a rts w h ic h id e n tify th e n a tu re o f d e s ir e d r e s u lt s, m a jo r p r o c e s s in g ste p s t o b e a c c o m p lis h e d, and the re la tio n s h ip s b etw een v a r io u s ste p s o f the p r o b le m so lv in g ro u tin e ; p la n s the fu ll range o f p r o g ra m m in g a ctio n s n e e d e d t o e ffic ie n tly u tiliz e th e co m p u te r s y s te m in. a ch ie vin g d e s ir e d end p r o d u c ts. At th is le v e l, p r o g r a m m in g is d iffic u lt b e c a u s e c o m p u te r equip m en t m u s t b e o r g a n iz e d to p r o d u c e s e v e r a l in te r r e la te d but d iv e r s e p r o d u c ts fr o m n u m e ro u s and d iv e r s e data e le m e n ts. A w id e v a r ie ty and e x te n s iv e n u m b e r o f in te r n a l p r o c e s s in g a ctio n s m u st o c c u r. T h is r e q u ir e s su ch a ctio n s as d evelop m en t o f co m m o n o p e r a tio n s w h ich ca n b e r e u s e d, e s ta b lis h m e n t o f lin k a g e p o in ts betw een o p e r a tio n s, a d ju stm en ts t o data w hen p r o g r a m r e q u ir e m e n ts e x c e e d c o m p u te r s to r a g e c a p a c ity, and substantial m anipulation and resequencing of data elem ents to form a highly integrated program. May provide functional direction to low er lev el program m ers who are assigned to assist. C la s s B. W o rk s in d ep en d en tly o r u n d er on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on r e la tiv e ly s im p le p r o g r a m s, o r on sim p le s e g m e n ts o f c o m p le x p r o g r a m s. P r o g r a m s (o r s e g m e n ts ) u su a lly p r o c e s s in fo r m a tio n to p r o d u c e data in tw o o r th r e e v a r ie d s e q u e n ce s o r fo r m a t s. R e p o r ts and lis tin g s a re p r o d u c e d b y re fin in g, ada p tin g, a rra y in g, o r m akin g m in o r a d d ition s t o o r d e le tio n s fr o m input data w h ich a re re a d ily a v a ila b le. W h ile n u m e ro u s r e c o r d s m a y b e p r o c e s s e d, the data have b e e n r e fin e d in p r io r a ctio n s s o that th e a c c u r a c y and seq u en cin g o f data can b e t e s t e d b y u sin g a fe w rou tin e c h e c k s. T ypically, the program deals with routine record -keeping type operations. OB W o rk s on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s (a s d e s c r ib e d f o r c la s s A ) u n d er c lo s e d ir e c tio n o f a h ig h e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r s u p e r v is o r. M ay a s s is t h ig h e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r b y in d epen d en tly p e r fo r m in g less difficult tasks assigned, and perform ing m ore difficult tasks under fa irly close direction. May guide or instruct low er lev el program m ers. C la s s C. M a k es p r a c t ic a l a p p lic a tio n s o f p r o g r a m m in g p r a c t ic e s and c o n c e p ts u su a lly le a rn e d in fo r m a l tra in in g c o u r s e s. A s s ig n m e n ts a re d e s ig n e d t o d e v e lo p co m p e te n c e in the a p p lic a tio n o f sta n d a rd p r o c e d u r e s t o rou tin e p r o b le m s. R e c e iv e s c l o s e su p e r v is io n on n ew a s p e c ts o f a ssig n m e n ts ; and w ork is review ed to v erify its accuracy and conform ance with required proced u res. COM PUTER SYSTEMS AN ALYST, BUSINESS A n a ly zes b u s in e s s p r o b le m s to fo r m u la te p r o c e d u r e s f o r so lv in g th e m b y u se o f e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g eq u ip m en t. D e v e lo p s a c o m p le te d e s c r ip tio n o f a ll s p e c ific a tio n s n e e d e d t o enable p r o g r a m m e r s to p r e p a r e r e q u ir e d d ig ita l c o m p u te r p r o g r a m s. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : A n a ly zes s u b je c t -m a t t e r o p e r a tio n s to b e a u tom ated and id e n tifie s co n d itio n s and c r it e r ia re q u ir e d to a ch ieve s a t is fa c t o r y r e s u lt s ; s p e c ifie s n u m b er and ty p e s o f r e c o r d s, f i le s, and d o cu m e n ts t o b e u sed ; ou tlin es a ction s t o b e p e r fo r m e d b y p e r s o n n e l and co m p u te r s in s u ffic ie n t d e ta il f o r p re s e n ta tio n to m an agem en t and f o r p r o g r a m m in g (ty p ica lly th is in v o lv e s p r e p a r a tio n o f w o r k and data flo w c h a r ts ); co o r d in a te s th e d e v e lo p m e n t o f te s t p r o b le m s and p a r tic ip a te s in t r i a l ru n s o f n ew and r e v is e d s y s te m s ; and recom m ends equipm ent changes to obtain m ore effective overa ll operations. (NOTE : W orkers p e r fo r m in g b oth s y s te m s a n a ly s is and p r o g r a m m in g sh ou ld b e c la s s ifie d as s y s te m s a n aly sts i f th is is the skdlll u se d t o d e te r m in e t h e ir p a y.) D oes n ot in clu d e e m p lo y e e s p r im a r ily r e s p o n s ib le f o r th e m a n agem en t o r s u p e r v is io n o f oth e r e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s, o r s y s te m s a n aly sts p r im a r ily c o n c e r n e d w ith s c ie n t ific o r en gin eerin g p r o b le m s. F or wage study pu rposes, system s analysts are cla ssified as follow s : C la s s A. W o rk s in dep en d en tly o r u n d er on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s in v o lv in g a ll p h a se s o f sy s te m a n a ly sis. P r o b le m s a r e c o m p le x b e c a u s e o f d iv e r s e s o u r c e s o f input data and m u ltip le -u s e re q u ire m e n ts o f output data. (F o r e x a m p le, d e v e lo p s an in te g r a te d p r o d u c tio n sch e d u lin g, in v e n to r y c o n t r o l, c o s t a n a ly s is, and s a le s a n a ly s is r e c o r d in w h ic h e v e r y it e m o f e a c h ty p e is a u to m a tica lly p r o c e s s e d th rou gh the fu ll s y s te m o f r e c o r d s and a p p r o p r ia te fo llo w u p a ctio n s a re in itia te d b y th e c o m p u te r.) C o n fe rs w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d t o d e te r m in e the data p r o c e s s in g p r o b le m s and a d v is e s s u b je c t-m a tte r p e r s o n n e l on the im p lic a tio n s o f n ew o r r e v is e d s y s t e m s o f data p r o c e s s in g o p e r a tio n s. M akes re c o m m e n d a tio n s, if n e e d e d, f o r a p p r o v a l o f m a jo r s y s te m s in s ta lla tio n s o r ch a n g es and fo r obtaining equip m en t. May provide functional direction to low er lev el system s analysts who are assigned to assist. C la s s B. W o rk s in depen den tly o r u n d er on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on p r o b le m s that a re r e la t iv e ly u n c o m p lic a te d to a n a ly ze, p la n, p r o g r a m, and o p e r a te. P r o b le m s a re o f lim it e d c o m p le x ity b e c a u s e s o u r c e s o f input data a re h om og en eou s and th e output data a r e c l o s e ly r e la te d. (F o r e x a m p le, d e v e lo p s s y s te m s fo r m aintaining d e p o s ito r a cco u n ts in a b an k, m a in ta in in g a cco u n ts r e c e iv a b le in a r e ta il e s ta b lis h m e n t, o r m aintaining in ven to ry a cco u n ts in a m a n u fa ctu rin g o r w h o le s a le e s ta b lis h m e n t.) C o n fe r s w ith p e r s o n s co n c e r n e d to d e te r m in e th e data p r o c e s s in g p r o b le m s and a d v is e s s u b je c t - m atter personnel on the im plications of the data p rocessin g system s to be applied. O R W o rk s on a seg m en t o f a co m p le x data p r o c e s s in g s c h e m e o r s y s t e m, as d e s c r ib e d f o r c la s s A. W o rk s in depen den tly on rou tin e a s sig n m e n ts and r e c e iv e s in s tr u c tio n and gu id an ce on c o m p le x a ssig n m e n ts. W ork is r e v ie w e d fo r a c c u r a c y o f ju d g m e n t, c o m p lia n c e w ith in s t r u c t io n s, and to in s u r e p r o p e r align m en t w ith the o v e r a ll sy ste m. C la s s C. W o rk s u n d er im m e d ia te s u p e r v is io n, c a r r y in g out a n a ly s e s as a s s ig n e d, u su a lly o f a s in g le a ctiv ity. A s sig n m e n ts a re d e s ig n e d t o d e v e lo p and expand p r a c t ic a l e x p e r ie n c e in the a p p lica tio n o f p r o c e d u r e s and s k ills r e q u ir e d f o r s y s te m s a n a ly s is w o r k. F o r e x a m p le, m a y a s s is t a h ig h e r le v e l sy ste m s an alyst b y p re p a rin g the d e ta ile d s p e c ific a t io n s r e q u ir e d b y p r o g r a m m e r s fr o m in fo rm a tio n d e v e lo p e d b y the h ig h e r le v e l a n aly st. D R A F T E R C la s s A. P la n s the g ra p h ic p re s e n ta tio n o f c o m p le x ite m s havin g d is tin c tiv e d e s ig n fe a tu r e s that d iffe r sign ifica n tly fr o m e s ta b lis h e d d raftin g p r e c e d e n t s. W o rk s in c l o s e su p p o rt w ith the d e s ig n o r ig in a to r, and m a y r e c o m m e n d m in o r d e s ig n ch a n g e s. A n a ly z e s the e ffe c t o f e a ch ch a n ge on the d e ta ils o f fo r m, fu n ction, and p o s itio n a l re la tio n s h ip s o f co m p o n e n ts and p a r ts. W o rk s w ith a m in im u m o f s u p e r v is o r y a s s is ta n c e. C o m p le te d w o r k is r e v ie w e d b y d e s ig n o r ig in a t o r f o r c o n s is te n c y w ith p r io r e n g in eerin g d ete rm in a tio n s. M ay e ith e r p r e p a r e d r a w in g s, o r d ir e c t th e ir p r e p a r a tio n by lo w e r le v e l d r a fte r s. C la s s B. P e r fo r m s n on rou tin e and c o m p le x d ra ftin g a ssig n m e n ts that r e q u ir e th e a p p lic a tio n o f m o s t o f the s ta n d a rd ized draw ing te ch n iq u e s r e g u la r ly u se d. D u ties t y p ic a lly in v o lv e su ch w o r k a s: P r e p a r e s w ork in g d raw in gs o f s u b a s s e m b lie s w ith ir r e g u la r s h a p e s, m u ltip le fu n c tio n s, and p r e c is e p o s itio n a l r e la tio n sh ip s betw een c o m p o n e n ts; p r e p a r e s a r c h it e c t u r a l d ra w in g s f o r c o n s tru c tio n o f a b u ild in g in clu din g d e ta il d raw in gs o f fou n d a tio n s, w a ll s e c t io n s, f l o o r p la n s, and r o o f. U s e s a c c e p te d fo r m u la s and m anuals in m akin g n e c e s s a r y co m p u ta tio n s t o d e te r m in e q u an tities o f m a te r ia ls t o be u s e d, lo a d c a p a c itie s, str e n g th s, s t r e s s e s, e tc. R e c e iv e s in itia l in s t r u c t io n s, r e q u ir e m e n ts, and advice from supervisor. Com pleted w ork is checked for technical adequacy. C la s s G. P r e p a r e s d e ta il d raw in gs o f s in g le u n its o r p a r ts f o r e n g in e e r in g, c o n s tr u c tio n, m a n u fa ctu rin g, o r r e p a ir p u r p o s e s. T y p e s o f d r a w in g s p r e p a r e d in clu d e is o m e t r ic p r o je c t io n s (d e p ictin g th r e e d im e n sio n s in a ccu r a te s c a le ) and s e c t io n a l v ie w s to c la r if y p o s itio n in g o f co m p o n e n ts and c o n v e y n eed ed in fo rm a tio n. C o n s o lid a te s d e ta ils fr o m a n u m b e r o f s o u r c e s and a d ju sts o r tra n s p o s e s s c a le as r e q u ir e d. S u g gested m e th o d s o f a p p r o a c h, a p p lic a b le p r e c e d e n t s, and a d v ic e on s o u r c e m a te r ia ls a re g iv en w ith in itia l a ssig n m e n ts. I n s tru c tio n s a r e le s s c o m p le t e w hen a ssig n m e n ts recu r. W ork m ay be spot-checked during p rog ress. D RAFTER-TRAC ER C o p ie s plans and d raw in gs p r e p a r e d b y o th e r s b y p la c in g tr a c in g c lo th o r p a p e r o v e r d ra w in g s and tra c in g w ith pen o r p e n c il. (D oes not in clu d e tr a c in g lim it e d t o plans p r im a r ily c o n s is tin g o f str a ig h t lin e s and a la r g e s c a le not re q u irin g c l o s e d e lin e a tio n.) A N D /O R P r e p a r e s sim p le o r r e p e titiv e d ra w in gs o f e a s ily v is u a liz e d it e m s. W o rk is c l o s e ly s u p e r v is e d during prog ress.

27 W o rk s on v a r io u s ty p e s o f e le c t r o n ic equip m ent and re la te d d e v ic e s by p e r fo r m in g one o r a co m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : I n s ta llin g, m a in ta in in g, r e p a irin g, ov erh a u lin g, tro u b le s h o o tin g, m o d ify in g, co n s tru c tin g, and te s tin g. W o r k r e q u ir e s p r a c t ic a l a p p lication o f te c h n ic a l k n ow led g e o f e le c t r o n ic s prin cip les, ability to determ ine m alfunctions, and skill to put equipment in required operating condition. T h e equip m en t c o n s is tin g o f e ith e r m any d iffe re n t k inds o f c ir c u its o r m u ltip le re p e titio n o f the s a m e kin d o f c ir c u it in c lu d e s, but is n ot lim ite d t o, the fo llo w in g : (a ) E le c t r o n ic tra n sm ittin g and r e c e iv in g eq u ip m en t (e.g., r a d a r, r a d io, t e le v is io n, te le p h o n e, so n a r, n a v ig a tio n a l a id s ), (b) digital and analog com puters, and (c ) industrial and m edical m easuring and controlling equipment. T h is c la s s ific a t io n e x c lu d e s r e p a ir e r s o f su ch standard e le c t r o n ic equip m en t as co m m o n o ffic e m a c h in e s and h o u se h o ld r a d io and t e le v is io n s e ts ; p rod u ction a s s e m b le r s and t e s t e r s ; w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a r y duty is s e r v ic in g e le c t r o n ic t e s t in stru m e n ts; te ch n icia n s who h ave a d m in istr a tiv e o r supervisory responsibility ; and d ra fters, design ers, and professional engineers. P ositions are cla ssified into levels on the basis of the follow ing definitions. C la s s A. A p p lie s a d v a n c e d t e c h n ic a l kn ow ledge to s o lv e unusually c o m p le x p r o b le m s ( i.e., th o s e that ty p ic a lly ca n n ot b e s o lv e d s o le ly b y r e fe r e n c e to m a n u fa c tu r e r s ' m a n u als o r s im ila r d o c u m e n ts ) in w o rk in g on e le c t r o n ic eq u ip m en t. E x a m p les o f su ch p r o b le m s in clu d e lo c a tio n and d e n sity o f c ir c u it r y, e le c t r o -m a g n e t ic ra d ia tio n, is o la tin g m a lfu n c tio n s, and frequ en t e n g in eerin g changes. W ork in volves: A detailed understanding of the interrelationships of circu its ; exercising in d ep en d en t ju d g m en t in p e r fo r m in g su ch ta s k s as m aking c ir c u it a n a ly se s, ca lc u la tin g w ave fo r m s, tr a c in g r e la tio n s h ip s in sig n a l flo w ; and re g u la r ly using c o m p le x te s t in stru m en ts' ( e.g., dual tr a c e o scilloscop es, Q - m eters, deviation m eters, pulse generators). W o r k m a y b e r e v ie w e d b y s u p e r v is o r (freq u en tly an e n g in eer o r d e s ig n e r ) fo r g e n e ra l com pliance with accepted p ra ctices. M ay provide technical guidance to low er level technicians. C la s s B. A p p lie s co m p r e h e n s iv e t e c h n ic a l k n ow led ge to s o lv e c o m p le x p r o b le m s ( i.e., th ose that ty p ic a lly can b e s o lv e d s o le ly b y p r o p e r ly in te r p r e tin g m a n u fa c tu r e r s ' m anuals o r s im ila r docum ents ) in w orking on electron ic equipm ent. W ork involves: A fam iliarity with the interrelationsh ip s o f c ir c u it s ; and ju d gm en t in d eterm in in g w o rk se q u en ce and in s e le ctin g to o ls and testin g in s tru m e n ts, u su a lly le s s c o m p le x than th o s e u sed b y the c la s s A te ch n icia n. R e c e iv e s t e c h n ic a l g u id a n c e, as r e q u ir e d, fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r h ig h e r le v e l te ch n icia n, and w o r k is re v ie w e d f o r s p e c ific c o m p lia n c e w ith a c ce p te d p r a c t ic e s and w o rk a ssign m en ts. M ay p r o v id e te c h n ic a l gu id an ce t o lo w e r le v e l te c h n ic ia n s. C la s s C. A p p lie s w ork in g te c h n ic a l kn ow ledge to p e r fo r m sim p le o r rou tin e ta sk s in w ork in g on e le c t r o n ic eq u ip m en t, fo llo w in g d e ta ile d in s tru c tio n s w h ich c o v e r v ir tu a lly all p r o c e d u r e s. W ork t y p ic a lly in v o lv e s s u ch ta s k s a s: A s s is tin g h ig h e r le v e l te ch n icia n s by p e r fo r m in g su ch a c tiv itie s as re p la cin g c o m p o n e n ts, w ir in g c ir c u it s, and taking te s t re a d in g s; re p a irin g s im p le e le c t r o n ic equipm ent; and u sing t o o ls and co m m o n te s t in stru m e n ts ( e.g., m u ltim e te r s, audio s ig n a l g e n e r a to r s, tube t e s t e r s, o s c illo s c o p e s ). Is n ot r e q u ir e d to b e fa m ilia r w ith the in te r r e la tio n s h ip s o f c ir c u it s. T h is k n ow ledge, h o w e v e r, m a y b e a c q u ir e d th rou g h a ssig n m e n ts d e s ig n e d to in c r e a s e c o m p e te n c e (in clu din g c la s s r o o m tra in in g ) so that w o r k e r can advance to h igh er le v e l tech n icia n. R e c e iv e s te c h n ic a l g u id a n c e, as r e q u ir e d, fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r h ig h e r le v e l te ch n icia n. W ork is typically spot checked, but is given detailed review when new or advanced assignm ents are involved. NU RSE, IN D U S T R IA L (R e g is te r e d ) A r e g is t e r e d n u r se w h o g iv e s n u rsin g s e r v ic e u n d er g e n e r a l m e d ic a l d ire c tio n to ill o r in ju r e d e m p lo y e e s o r o th e r p e r s o n s w ho b e c o m e i l l o r s u ffe r an a ccid en t on the p r e m is e s o f a fa c t o r y o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. D u ties in v o lv e a co m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : G ivin g fir s t aid to the ill o r in ju r e d ; attending t o su bsequen t d r e s s in g o f e m p lo y e e s ' in ju r ie s ; k eep in g r e c o r d s o f patien ts tre a te d ; p re p a rin g a ccid e n t r e p o r ts f o r c o m p e n sa tio n o r oth e r p u r p o s e s ; a ssis tin g in p h y s ica l exam in ation s and h ealth ev alu a tion s o f a p p lica n ts and e m p lo y e e s ; and planning and c a r r y in g out p r o g r a m s in volvin g health e d u ca tio n, a ccid e n t p r e v e n tio n, ev alu a tion o f plant en v iro n m e n t, o r oth e r a c tiv itie s a ffectin g the health, w e lf a r e, and sa fe ty o f a ll p e r s o n n e l. N u rsin g s u p e r v is o r s o r h ead n u r s e s in esta b lis h m en ts em p loyin g m o re than one n u rse are exclu ded. MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT B O IL E R T E N D E R F ir e s sta tion a ry b o il e r s t o fu r n is h the e sta blish m en t in w h ich e m p lo y e d w ith h ea t, p o w e r, o r s te a m. F e e d s fu e ls t o f i r e b y hand o r o p e r a te s a m e c h a n ic a l sto k e r, g a s, o r o il b u rn e r ; and c h e c k s w a te r and s a fe ty v a lv e s. M ay c le a n, o il, oy a s s is t in rep a irin g b o ile r r o o m equ ip m en t. CAR PE N TER, M AINTENANCE P e r fo r m s the c a r p e n tr y d u ties n e c e s s a r y to co n s tru c t and m aintain in g o o d r e p a ir bu ildin g w o o d w o rk and eq u ip m en t s u c h as b in s, c r ib s, c o u n te r s, b e n c h e s, p a rtitio n s, d o o r s, f l o o r s, s t a ir s, casin gs, and trim m ade of w ood in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the follow ing: Planning and la y in g out o f w o r k fr o m b lu e p r in ts, d r a w in g s, m o d e ls, o r v e r b a l in stru c tio n s; u sing a v a r ie t y o f c a r p e n t e r 's h a n d to o ls, p o r ta b le p o w e r t o o ls, and standard m e a su rin g in stru m e n ts; m akin g standard sh op co m p u ta tio n s r e la tin g t o d im e n s io n s o f w o r k ; and s e le ctin g m a te r ia ls n e c e s s a r y f o r the w o rk. In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n ce c a r p e n te r r e q u ir e s rou n d ed train in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a cq u ired through a fo r m a l a ppren ticesh ip o r equivalent training and ex perien ce. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE P e r fo r m s a v a r ie ty o f e le c t r i c a l tra d e fu n ction s su ch as the in sta lla tio n, m a in te n a n ce, o r r e p a ir o f equip m en t f o r th e g e n e r a tio n, d istr ib u tio n, o r u tilization o f e le c t r ic e n e rg y in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W ork in volves m ost of the follow ing: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrica l equipment su ch as g e n e r a t o r s, t r a n s f o r m e r s, s w itc h b o a r d s, c o n t r o lle r s, c ir c u it b r e a k e r s, m o t o r s, h eatin g u n its, con d u it s y s t e n js, o r o th e r t r a n s m is s io n eq u ip m en t; w ork in g fr o m b lu e p rin ts, d r a w in g s, la y o u ts, o r o th e r s p e c ific a t io n s ; lo c a tin g and d ia g n o s in g tr o u b le in the e le c t r ic a l s y ste m o r equip m en t; w ork in g sta n d a rd co m p u ta tio n s re la tin g t o lo a d re q u ire m e n ts o f w ir in g o r e le c t r ic a l equip m en t; and using a v a r ie t y o f e le c t r ic ia n 's h a n d to o ls and m e a s u rin g and testin g in stru m e n ts. In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m a in ten a n ce e le c t r ic ia n r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e usually a cq u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a len t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e. E N G IN E E R, S T A T IO N A R Y O perate^ and m a in ta in s and m a y a ls o s u p e rv is e the op eration o f sta tio n a ry en g in es and equ ip m en t (m e c h a n io a l o r e le c t r i c a l) t o su p ply the e sta blish m en t in w h ich e m p lo y e d w ith p o w e r, h eat, refrigeration, or air -conditioning. W ork involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as ste a m e n g in e s, a ir c o m p r e s s o r s, g e n e r a t o r s, m o t o r s, tu r b in e s, v en tilatin g and r e fr ig e r a tin g eq u ip m en t, ste a m b o ile r s and b o il e r - f e d w a te r p u m p s; m akin g equipm ent r e p a ir s ; and k eep in g a r e c o r d o f op era tion o f m a c h in e r y, te m p e r a tu r e, and fu e l con s u m p tio n. M ay a ls o su p e rv is e th e s e o p e r a tio n s. H ead o r c h ie f e n g in e e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g m o r e than one e n g in e e r a re e x clu d e d. H ELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES A s s is ts one o r m o r e w o r k e r s in the s k ille d m a in ten a n ce tr a d e s, b y p e r fo rm in g s p e c ific o r g e n e r a l du ties o f le s s e r s k ill, su ch as k eep in g a w o r k e r su p p lied w ith m a te r ia ls and t o o ls ; deem in g w ork in g a re a, m a c h in e, and eq u ip m en t; a ssistin g jo u rn e y m a n by holdin g m a te r ia ls o r t o o ls ; and p e r fo r m in g oth e r u n sk ille d ta s k s as d ir e c te d b y jo u rn e y m a n. The kin d o f w o rk the h e lp e r is p e rm itte d to p e r fo r m v a r ie s fr o m tra d e t o t r a d e : In so m e tr a d e s the h e lp e r is co n fin e d to su p plyin g, liftin g, and holdin g m a te r ia ls and t o o ls, and cle a n in g w ork in g a r e a s ; and in o th e rs he is p e r m itte d to p e r fo r m s p e c ia liz e d m a ch in e o p e r a tio n s, o r p a rts o f a tra d e that a re a ls o p e r fo r m e d by w o r k e r s on a fu ll-tim e b a s is. M ACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM S p e c ia liz e s in op eratin g one o r m o r e than one ty p e o f m a ch in e t o o l (e.g., jig b o r e r, grinding m a ch in e, en gin e la th e, m illin g m a ch in e ) to m a ch in e m e ta l fo r u se in m aking o r m aintaining jig s, fix tu r e s, cutting t o o ls, g a u g e s, o r m e ta l d ies o r m o ld s u s e d in shaping o r fo r m in g m e ta l o r n o n m e ta llic m aterial (e.g., plastic, plaster, rubber, glass). W ork typically in volves: Planning and perform ing d iffic u lt m a ch in in g o p e r a tio n s w h ich r e q u ir e c o m p lic a te d setu p s o r a h igh d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; setting up m a ch in e t o o l o r t o o ls ( e.g., in s ta ll cutting t o o ls and adjust g u id e s, s to p s, w ork in g ta b le s, and oth er c o n tr o ls to handle the s iz e o f sto c k to b e m a ch in e d ; d e te r m in e p r o p e r fe e d s, s p e e d s, to o lin g, and op e ra tio n se q u en ce o r s e le c t th o s e p r e s c r ib e d in d r a w in g s, b lu e p rin ts, o r la y o u ts); using a v a r ie ty o f p r e c is io n m e a su rin g in s tru m e n ts ; m akin g n e c e s s a r y ad ju stm en ts du ring m a ch in in g op era tion to a ch ieve re q u is ite d im e n sio n s to v e r y c lo s e to le r a n c e s. M ay b e r e q u ir e d to s e le c t p r o p e r co o la n ts and cutting and lu b r ica tin g o ils, t o r e c o g n iz e w hen t o o ls n e e d d r e s s in g, and to d r e s s t o o ls. In g e n e ra l, the w ork o f a m a c h in e -t o o l o p e r a to r, t o o lr o o m, at the s k ill le v e l c a lle d f o r in th is c la s s ific a tio n r e q u ir e s e x te n s iv e k n ow led g e o f m a c h in e -s h o p and t o o lr o o m p r a c t ic e u su a lly a cq u ir e d th rou gh c o n s id e ra b le on -th e - job training and experience. F o r c r o s s - in d u s t r y w age study p u r p o s e s, th is c la s s ific a t io n d o e s not in clu d e m a c h in e -to o l operators, toolroom, em ployed in tool- an d -d ie jobbing shops. M A C H IN IST, M A IN T E N A N C E P r o d u c e s re p la ce m e n t p a r ts and new p a rts in m akin g r e p a ir s o f m e ta l p a rts o f m e ch a n ica l equip m en t o p e r a te d in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : in te rp re tin g w ritten in s tr u c tio n s and s p e c ific a tio n s ; planning and la yin g out o f w o r k ; u sing a v a r ie ty o f m a c h in is t's handtools and precision m easuring instrum ents ; setting up and operating standard m achine tools ; shaping of m etal

28 p a rts t o c lo s e t o le r a n c e s ; m akin g sta n d a rd sh op com p u ta tion s rela tin g t o d im e n sio n s o f w o r k, to o lin g, fe e d s, and s p e e d s o f m a ch in in g ; k n ow ledge o f the w o rk in g p r o p e r t ie s o f the c o m m o n m e ta ls ; s e le ctin g standard m a te r ia ls, p a r ts, and equip m en t r e q u ir e d f o r th is w o rk ; and fittin g and a s s e m b lin g p a rts in to m e ch a n ica l equip m en t. In g e n e r a l, the m a c h in is t's w o rk n o r m a lly re q u ir e s a rou n d ed tra in in g in m a c h in e -s h o p p r a c t ic e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou g h a fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e sh ip o r e q u iv a len t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e. MECHANIC, AUTOM OTIVE (M aintenance) R e p a irs a u to m o b ile s, b u s e s, m o to r tr u c k s, and t r a c t o r s o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s m ost of the follow ing: Examining autom otive equipm ent to diagnose source of trouble ; disassem bling equip m ent and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s that in volve the use o f su ch h a n d tools as w r e n c h e s, g a u g e s, d r ills, o r s p e c ia liz e d equip m en t in d is a s s e m b lin g o r fittin g p a r ts ; re p la cin g b ro k e n o r d e fe c tiv e p a rts fr o m sto c k ; grin d in g and adju stin g v a lv e s ; re a s s e m b lin g and in sta llin g the v a r io u s a s s e m b lie s in the v e h ic le and m aking n e c e s s a r y a d ju stm en ts; and aligning w h e e ls, adju stin g b r a k e s and lig h ts, o r tighten in g body b o lts. In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the a u tom otive m e ch a n ic r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly acq u ired through a fo r m a l a p p ren ticesh ip o r equivalent train in g and e x p e r ie n ce. T h is c la s s ific a t io n d o e s not in clu d e m e c h a n ic s w ho r e p a ir c u s t o m e r s ' v e h ic le s in a u tom obile r e p a ir sh op s. M E CH AN IC, M A IN T E N A N C E R e p a irs m a ch in e ry o r m e c h a n ic a l equip m en t o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : E xam in in g m a ch in e s and m e c h a n ic a l equip m en t to d ia gn ose s o u r c e o f tro u b le ; d ism antlin g o r p a rtly d ism a n tlin g m a ch in e s and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s that m a in ly in v o lv e the u se o f h a n d tools in scra p in g and fittin g p a rts ; re p la cin g b ro k e n o r d e fe ctiv e p a rts w ith ite m s obtain ed fr o m sto c k ; o rd e rin g the p rod u ction o f a re p la ce m e n t p a rt by a m a ch in e sh op o r sen d in g o f the m a ch in e to a m a ch in e shqp fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s ; p re p a rin g w ritten s p e c ific a tio n s f o r m a jo r r e p a ir s o r fo r the p r o d u c tio n o f p a rts o r d e r e d fr o m m a ch in e sh op s; r e a s s e m b lin g m a c h in e s ; and m aking a ll n e c e s s a r y ad ju stm en ts fo r op eration. In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f a m a in ten a n ce m e ch a n ic re q u ir e s rou n d ed tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e usually a cq u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e sh ip o r eq u ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e. E x clu d e d fr o m th is c la s s ific a tio n a re w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a r y du ties in v o lv e setting up o r adjusting m a ch in e s. M ILLW RIGH T In sta lls new m a ch in e s o r h eavy eq u ip m en t, and d ism a n tle s and in s ta lls m a ch in e s o r heavy equipm ent w hen ch a n ges in the plant layout a re re q u ire d. W ork in v o lv e s m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and la y in g out o f the w o rk ; in te r p r e tin g b lu e p rin ts o r oth e r s p e c ific a t io n s ; u sing a v a r ie ty o f h andtools and rig g in g ; m aking sta n d a rd sh op com p u ta tion s relatin g to s t r e s s e s, stren gth o f m a te r ia ls, and ce n te r s o f g ra v ity ; aligning and b alan cin g o f eq u ip m en t; se le ctin g.sta n d a rd t o o ls, eq u ip m en t, and p a rts to be u se d ; and in stallin g and m ain tain in g in g o o d o r d e r p o w e r tr a n s m is s io n equip m en t su ch as d r iv e s and sp e e d r e d u c e r s. In g e n e r a l, the m illw r ig h t's w ork n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a rou n d ed tra in in g and ex p erien ce in the tra d e acq u ired through a fo r m a l a p p ren ticesh ip o r equivalent train in g and e x p e r ie n ce. P ain ts and r e d e c o r a te s w a lls, w o o d w o rk, and fix tu r e s o f an e sta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s the follow ing: Knowledge of surface peculiarities and types of paint required for different applications ; p r e p a rin g s u r fa ce f o r painting by re m o v in g o ld fin is h o r b y p la cin g pu tty o r f i ll e r in n a il h o le s and in te r s t ic e s ; and applying paint w ith sp ra y gun o r b ru s h. M ay m ix c o l o t s, o ils, w h ite le a d, and oth e r paint in gred ien ts to obtain p r o p e r c o l o r o r c o n s is te n c y. In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m a in ten a n ce p a in te r re q u ire s rou n ded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou g h a fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a len t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e. PIPE FITTE R, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs w ater, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipe fittings in an establishm en t. W ork in volves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : L ayin g out o f w o rk and m e a s u r in g t o lo c a t e p o s itio n o f p ip e fr o m draw in gs o r oth er w ritten s p e c ific a t io n s ; cu ttin g v a r io u s s iz e s o f p ip e t o c o r r e c t len gth s w ith c h is e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a cety len e t o r c h o r p ip e -c u ttin g m a c h in e s ; th rea d in g p ip e w ith s to c k s and d ie s ; bending pipe b y h a n d -d riv en o r p o w e r -d r iv e n m a c h in e s ; a sse m b lin g p ip e w ith co u p lin g s and fa sten in g pipe to h a n g e r s; m aking standard sh op co m p u ta tio n s r e la tin g t o p r e s s u r e s, flo w, and s iz e o f pipe r e q u ir e d ; and m aking standard t e s ts to d e te r m in e w h eth er fin is h e d p ip e s m e e t s p e c ific a tio n s. In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f the m ain ten ance p ip e fitte r r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a cq u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tice sh ip o r e q u iv a len t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e. W o r k e r s p r im a r ily en g aged in in stallin g and rep a irin g bu ildin g sa n ita tion o r h eatin g systefois a re e x c lu d e d. SH EET -M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE F a b r ic a te s, in s ta lls, and m a in ta in s in g o o d r e p a ir the s h e e t -m e ta l equ ip m en t and fix tu re s (su ch as m a ch in e g u ards, g r e a s e p an s, s h e lv e s, lo c k e r s, ta n k s, v e n t ila t o r s, ch u te s, d u cts, m e ta l r o o fin g ) of an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the follow ing: Planning and laying out all types of sheetm e ta l m ain ten an ce w o rk fr o m b lu e p rin ts, m o d e ls, o r o th e r s p e c ific a t io n s ; settin g up and op eratin g a ll a va ila b le ty p e s o f s h e e t-m e ta l w ork in g m a c h in e s ; u sing a v a r ie ty o f h a n d tools in cu ttin g, ben d in g, fo r m in g, shaping, fittin g, and a sse m b lin g ; and in sta llin g s h e e t -m e ta l a r t ic le s as r e q u ir e d. In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m ain ten ance sh e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a cq u ire d through a fo r m a l a p p ren ticesh ip o r eq u ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e. T O O L AND DIE M A KE R C on s tru cts and r e p a ir s jig s, fix tu r e s * cutting t o o ls, g a u g e s, o r m e ta l d ie s o r m o ld s u s e d in shaping o r fo rm in g m q ta l o r n o n -m e ta llic m a te r ia l ( e.g., p la s t ic, p la s t e r, ru b b e r, g la s s ). W o rk typically involves: Planning and laying out w ork according to m odels, blueprints, draw ings, or other w ritte n o r o r a l s p e c ific a tio n s ; understanding the w ork in g p r o p e r t ie s o f c o m m o n m e ta ls and a llo y s ; s e le c tin g a p p ropria te m a te r ia ls, t o o ls, and p r o c e s s e s r e q u ir e d to c o m p le te ta sk ; m akin g n e c e s s a r y sh op com p u tation ; setting up and operatin g v a r io u s m a ch in e t o o ls and r e la te d eq u ip m en t; using v a r io u s t o o l and die m a k e r 's han dtools and p r e c is io n m e a s u rin g in s tru m e n ts ; w o rk in g t o v e r y c lo s e to le r a n c e s ; h e a t-tre a tin g m etal p a rts and fin is h e d t o o ls and d ie s t o a ch ie v e r e q u ir e d q u a litie s ; fittin g and a sse m b lin g p a rts to p r e s c r ib e d to le r a n c e s and a llo w a n c e s. In g e n e r a l, t o o l and die m a k e r 's w o rk r e q u ir e s rouivded tra in in g in m a ch in e -s h o p and t o o lr o o m p r a c t ic e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip or equivalen t train in g and e x p e r ie n c e. F o r c r o s s -in d u s t r y w age study p u r p o s e s, th is c la s s ific a t io n d o e s not in clu d e t o o l and die m a k e r s w ho (1) a re e m p lo y e d in to o l and die jo b b in g sh op s o r (2) p r o d u c e fo r g in g d ie s (d ie s in k e r s ). CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT GUARD AND W A T C H M E N G u ard. P e r fo r m s rou tin e p o lic e d u tie s, e ith e r at fix e d p o s t o r on to u r, m ain tain in g o r d e r, using a rm s o r fo r c e w h e re n e c e s s a r y. In clu d es g u ards who a r e sta tion ed at gate and ch e c k on identity o f e m p lo y e e s and oth er p e r s o n s en te rin g. W atch m an. M akes roun ds o f p r e m is e s p e r io d ic a lly in p r o te c tin g p r o p e r ly again st f i r e, th eft, and ille g a l en try. JA N IT O R, P O R T E R, OR C L E A N E R C lean s and k e e p s in an o r d e r ly con d ition fa c t o r y w ork in g a re a s and w a s h r o o m s, o r p r e m is e s o f an o ffic e, a p artm en t h o u s e, o r c o m m e r c ia l o r oth e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. D u ties in v o lv e a co m b in a tio n o f the follow ing: Sweeping, m opping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; rem oving chips, trash, and other re fu s e ; dusting eq u ip m en t, fu r n itu r e, o r fix tu r e s ; p o lis h in g m e ta l fix tu r e s o r tr im m in g s ; p rov id in g su p p lies and m in o r m a in ten a n ce s e r v ic e s ; and clean in g la v a t o r ie s, s h o w e r s, and r e s t r o o m s. W o r k e r s w ho s p e c ia liz e in w indow w ash in g a re e x clu d e d. LABORER, M ATERIAL HANDLING A w o rk e r e m p lo y e d in a w a r e h o u se, m a n u fa ctu rin g p la n t, s t o r e, o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t w h ose du ties in v o lv e one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g ; L o a d in g and unload in g v a r io u s m a te r ia ls and m e r c h a n d is e on o r fr o m fr e ig h t c a r s, tr u c k s, o r oth e r tra n s p o r tin g d e v ic e s ; u n p ack in g, sh e lv in g, o r p la cin g m a te r ia ls o r m e rch a n d is e in p r o p e r sto r a g e lo c a tio n ; and tr a n s p o r tin g m a te r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e b y h a n d tru ck, c a r, o r w h e e lb a rro w. L o n g s h o re w o r k e r s w ho lo a d and unload sh ip s a r e e x c lu d e d. O R D E R F IL L E R F ills shipping o r tra n s fe r o r d e r s f o r fin is h e d g o o d s fr o m s to r e d m e r c h a n d is e in a c c o r d a n c e w ith s p e c ific a tio n s on s a le s s lip s, c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s, o r o th e r in s tru c tio n s. M a y, in addition to fillin g o r d e r s and in d icatin g ite m s fille d o r o m itte d, k e e p r e c o r d s o f ou tgoin g o r d e r s, r e q u is itio n additional stock or report short supplies to su p ervisor, and p erform other related duties. P A C K E R, SHIPPING P r e p a r e s fin is h e d p ro d u cts f o r sh ip m en t o r s to r a g e b y p la cin g th em in sh ippin g c o n ta in e r s, the s p e c ific op eration s p e r fo r m e d b ein g d ep en den t upon the ty p e, s iz e, and n u m b e r o f units t o be p a ck e d, the type o f co n ta in e r e m p lo y e d, and m e th o d o f sh ip m en t. W o rk r e q u ir e s the p la cin g o f ite m s in shipping containers and may involve one o r m ore of the follow ing : Knowledge of various item s of

29 s to c k in o r d e r t o v e r ify co n te n t; s e le c tio n o f a p p rop ria te type and s iz e o f c o n ta in e r; in se rtin g e n c lo s u r e s in c o n ta in e r ; u sing e x c e l s io r o r oth e r m a te r ia l to p rev en t b rea k a ge o r d a m a ge; clo s in g and se a lin g c o n ta in e r ; and applyin g la b e ls o r e n te rin g id en tifyin g data on co n ta in e r. P a c k e r s w ho a ls o m ake w ood en b o x e s o r c r a t e s are e x clu d e d. SH IPPIN G AN D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K P r e p a r e s m e r c h a n d is e f o r sh ip m en t, o r r e c e iv e s and is re s p o n sib le fo r in co m in g sh ipm en ts of m erchandise or other m aterials. Shipping w ork in volves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, p r a c t ic e s, r o u te s, a v a ila b le m e a n s o f tra n s p o rta tio n, and ra te s ; and p rep a rin g r e c o r d s o f the g ood s sh ip p e d, m akin g up b ills o f la d in g, p ostin g w eigh t and shipping c h a r g e s, and k eep in g a file o f shipping r e c o r d s. M ay d ir e c t o r a s s is t in p r e p a rin g the m e rch a n d is e fo r shipm ent. R e c e iv in g w o rk in v o lv e s : V e r ify in g o r d ir e c tin g o th e rs in v e r ify in g the c o r r e c tn e s s o f sh ipm en ts again st b ills o f la d in g, in v o ic e s, o r oth e r r e c o r d s ; ch e c k in g f o r s h o r ta g e s and r e je c tin g dam aged g o o d s; rou tin g m e r c h a n d is e o r m aterials to proper departm ents; and m aintaining n ecessary records and files. T R U C K D R IV E R F or w age study pu rposes, w orkers are classified as follow s : R e c e iv in g c le r k Shipping c le r k Shipping and r e c e iv in g c le r k D r iv e s a tr u c k w ith in a c ity o r in d u str ia l a re a to tra n s p o rt m a te r ia ls, m e r c h a n d is e, equip m en t, o r w o r k e r s b e tw e e n v a r io u s ty p e s o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts su ch a s: M anufacturing p la n ts, fr e ig h t d e p o ts, w a r e h o u s e s, w h o le s a le and r e ta il e s ta b lis h m e n ts, o r betw een r e ta il esta b lis h m e n ts and c u s t o m e r s ' h o u s e s o r p la c e s o f b u s in e s s. M ay a ls o lo a d o r unload tru ck w ith o r without h e lp e r s, m ake m in o r m e c h a n ic a l r e p a ir s, and k e e p tr u c k in g ood w ork in g o r d e r. S a le s -r o u te and o v e r -t h e - r o a d d r iv e r s a r e e x c lu d e d. F o r w age study p u r p o s e s, t r u c k d r iv e r s a re c la s s ifie d by s iz e and type o f equip m en t, as follow s : ( T ra ctor- tra iler should be rated on the basis of tra iler capacity.) T ruckdriver (com bination of sizes listed separately ) T ruckdriver, light (under IV2 tons ) T ruckdriver, m edium (IV 2 to and including 4 tons ) T ruckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, tra iler type) T ruckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra iler type ) T R U C K E R, P O W E R O p erates a m a n u ally c o n t r o lle d g a s o lin e - o r e le c t r ic -p o w e r e d tru ck o r tr a c t o r to tra n sp o rt goods and m aterials of all kinds about a w arehouse, m anufacturing plant, or other establishm ent. F or wage study purposes, w orkers are classified by type of truck, as follow s : T rucker, pow er (forklift) T rucker, pow er (other than forklift ) W AR EH O U SE M AN A s d ir e c te d, p e r fo r m s a v a r ie ty o f w a re h o u sin g du ties w h ich re q u ire an u n d erstanding of the e s ta b lis h m e n t's s to r a g e p la n. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : V e r ify in g m a te r ia ls (o r m e r c h a n d is e ) again st r e c e iv in g d o c u m e n ts, notin g and r e p o rtin g d is c r e p a n c ie s and ob viou s d am ages; rou tin g m a te r ia ls to p r e s c r ib e d s to r a g e lo c a tio n s ; s to r in g, sta ck in g, o r p a lletiz in g m a te r ia ls in a c c o r d a n c e w ith p r e s c r ib e d sto r a g e m e th o d s ; r e a rra n g in g and taking in ven to ry o f s to r e d m a te r ia ls ; ex am in in g s to r e d m a te r ia ls and re p o rtin g d e te r io r a tio n and d a m a ge; re m o v in g m a te r ia l fr o m s to r a g e and preparing it for shipm ent. May operate hand or pow er trucks in perform ing warehousing duties. E xclu d e w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a r y du ties in volve sh ippin g and r e c e iv in g w ork (see shipping and r e c e iv in g c le r k and p a c k e r, sh ip p in g ), o r d e r fillin g (s e e o r d e r f i lle r ), o r op eratin g p o w e r tru ck s (s e e tru cker, pow er).

30 Available On Request The fo llo w in g a re a s a re s u r v e y e d p e r io d ic a lly f o r use in a d m in iste r in g the S e r v ic e C o n tra ct A ct o f the B L S r e g io n a l o ffic e s show n on the b ack c o v e r. A lam ogordo Las C ruces, N. Mex. A la s k a A lba n y, Ga. A lb u q u erq u e, N. M ex. A le x a n d ria, La. Alpena, Standish and Tawas City, M ich. Ann A r b o r, M ich. A tlan tic C ity, N.J. A u gusta, G a. S.C. B a k e r s fie ld, C a lif. B aton R ou g e, L a. Battle C reek, M ich. Beaumont P ort Arthui^O range, Tex. B ilo x i G u lfp o rt and P ascagoula, M iss. B o is e C ity, Idaho B rem erton, Wash. B r id g e p o r t, N orw alk and S ta m fo rd, Conn. Brunsw ick, Ga. B u r lin g to n, V t. N.Y. C ape C od, M a s s. C e d a r R a p id s, Iow a C h am paign U rbana, 111. C harleston, S.C. Charlotte G astonia, N.C. Cheyenne, W yo. C la r k s v ille H o p k in sv ille, T e n n.-k y. C olorado Springs, Colo. C o lu m b ia, S.C. Colum bus, Ga. Ala. Colum bus, M iss. C r a n e, Ind. D ecatur, 111. D es M o in e s, Iow a D othan, A la. Duluth S u p e r io r, M inn. W is. El P aso, Tex. Eugene Springfield, O reg. F ayetteville, N.C. Fitchburg L eom inster, M ass. F ort Smith, Ark. Okla. F r e d e r ic k H a g erstow n, M d. C h a m b e r sb u rg, P a. M a rtin sb u rg, W. V a. G adsden A n n iston, A la. G o ld s b o r o, N.C. G rand Islan d H a stin gs, N eb r. Great F alls, Mont. G uam H a r r is b u r g L eba n on, P a. Huntington A sh land, W. V a. K y. Ohio K n o x v ille, T enn. L aredo, Tex. Las V egas, Nev. Lim a, Ohio C o p ie s o f p u b lic r e le a s e s are o r w ill b e a v a ila b le at n o c o s t w h ile s u p p lie s la st fr o m any o f Little Rock North Little Rock, A rk. Log an sport P eru, Ind. L ora in E ly r ia, O hio L o w e r E a stern S h o re, M d. V a. D el. L yn ch b u rg, V a. M a con, Ga. M a d ison, W is. M ansfield, Ohio M a rq u ette, E s ca n ab a, Sault Ste. M a r ie, M ich. M callen Phari^Edinburg and B row nsville H arlin gen San B e n ito, T e x. M ed ford K lam ath F a lls G rants P a s s, O re g. M e rid ia n, M is s. M id d le s e x, M onm outh, and O cean C o s., N.J. M o b ile, A la. and P e n s a c o la, F la. M ontgom ery, Ala. N ash ville D avid son, T en n. _ New B ern J a c k s o n v ille, N.C. North Dakota N orw ich G roton New L on d on, Conn. O rlan d o, F la. Qxnard -Sim i Valley^-Ventura, C alif. P anam a C ity, F la. P eoria, 111. Phoenix, A riz. P in e B lu ff, A rk. P ortsm ou th, N.H. M aine M a s s. P u e b lo, C o lo. P u e rto R ico R en o, Nev. Richland Kennewick W alla W alla P en d leton, W ash. O reg. R iv e r s id e San B e rn a rd in o O n ta r io, C a lif. S alina, K ans. Sandusky, O hio Santa B arbara^santa M aria L o m p o c, C a lif. Savannah, Ga. Selm a, Ala. Sherm an D en ison, T ex. S h re v e p o rt, La. Sioux F alls, S. Dak. Spokane, W ash. S p rin g field, 111. S p r in g fie ld -C h ico p e e H oly ok e, M a s s. Conn. Stam ford, Conn. S tock ton, C a lif. T a c o m a, W ash. Tampa St. P etersburg, Fla. T op ek a, Kans. Tucson, A riz. V a llejo - F a ir field Napa, C alif. W a co and K illeen T e m p le, Te] r W a te rlo o C e d a r F a lls, Iow a W est Texas Plains Reports for the follow ing surveys conducted in the p rior year but since discontinued are also available : A b ile n e, T e x.* * B illin g s, M on t.* C o r p u s C h r is t i, T e x * F r e s n o, C a lif.* Grand F orks, N. Dak. S ac r am ento, C alif * San A n g elo, T e x * * W ilm in gton, D el. N.J. M d.* * E xpanded to an a re a w age s u r v e y in fis c a l y e a r See in sid e b a c k c o v e r. * * In clu d ed in W e st T e x a s P la in s. T he fou rteen th annual r e p o r t on s a la r ie s fo r a ccou n ta n ts, a u d ito rs, c h ie f a cco u n tfu its, a tto r n e y s, jo b a n a ly sts, d ir e c t o r s o f p e r s o n n e l, b u y e r s, c h e m is t s, e n g in e e r s, e n g in e e r in g te c h n ic ia n s, d r a f t e r s, and c l e r i c a l e m p lo y e e s is a v a ila b le. O rd e r as B L S B u lletin 1837, N ational S u rvey o f P r o fe s s io n a l, A d m in is tra tiv e, T e c h n ic a l, and C le r ic a l P a y, M a rc h 1974, $ a co p y, f r o m any o f the B L S r e g io n a l s a le s offices shown on the back cov er, or from the Superintendent of Docum ents, U.S. Governm ent Printing O ffice, Washington, D.C

31 Area Wage Surveys A lis t o f the la te s t a v a ila b le b u lle tin s o r bu lletin supplem en ts is p r e s e n te d b e lo w. A d ir e c t o r y o f a re a w age stu d ies in clu d in g m o r e lim ite d stu d ies co n d u cte d at the req u est o f the E m p loym en t S ta n d a rd s A d m in is tra tio n o f the D ep a rtm en t o f L a b o r is a vaila ble on req u est. B u lle tin s m ay be p u rch a s e d fr o m any o f the B L S r e g io n a l o ffic e s show n on the b ack c o v e r. B u lletin su p plem en ts m ay be obtained without cost, w here indicated, from BLS regional offices. Bulletin num ber A rea and price * A k r o n, O h io, D e c Suppl. F r e e A lbanyh S ch en ectad y^-t roy, N.Y., S ept Suppl. F r e e A lb u q u e rq u e, N. M e x., M a r Suppl. F r e e A llen tow n B eth leh em E a s to n, P a. N. J., M ay Suppl. F r e e A n a h eim Santa Ana G a r d e n G r o v e, C a lif., O ct , 85 cen ts A tlan ta, G a., M ay , $ A u stin, T e x., D e c S u p p l. F r e e B a lt im o r e, M d., A u g Suppl. F r e e B eaum on t P o r t A rth u i^ -O ra n ge, T e x., M ay Suppl. F r e e B illin g s, M o n t., July , 65 cen ts B in gh am ton, N.Y. P a., July , 65 cen ts B irm in g h a m, A la., M a r Suppl. F r e e B o is e C ity, Idaho, N ov Suppl. F r e e B o s to n, M a s s., A ug , $ B u ffa lo, N.Y., O ct Suppl. F r e e B u r lin g to n, V t., D e c Suppl. F r e e C a n ton, O h io, M ay Suppl. F r e e C h a r le s to n, W. V a., M a r Suppl. F r e e C h a r lo tte, N.C., Jan Suppl. F r e e C h a ttan ooga, T e n n.-g a., Sept Suppl. F r e e C h ic a g o, 111., M ay , 85 cen ts C in cin n a ti, O h io K y. In d., F e b Suppl. F r e e C le v e la n d, O h io, Sept , $ C o lu m b u s, O h io, O ct S u p p l. F r e e C o r p u s C h r is t i, T e x., July , 65 cen ts D a lla s, T e x., O ct Suppl. F r e e D alla s F o rt W o rth, T e x., O ct , $ D a v e n p o r t-r o c k Islan d M o lin e, Iow a 111., F e b Suppl. F r e e D ayton, O h io, D ec , 80 cen ts D ayton a B e a c h, F la., A ug , 65 cen ts D e n v e r, C o l o., D e c Suppl. F r e e D e n v e r B o u ld e r, C o lo., D ec , 85 cen ts D es M o in e s, Iow a,. M ay Suppl. F r e e D e tro it, M ich., M a r , 85 cen ts D u rh a m, N.C., D ec , 65 cen ts F ort Lauderdale H ollyw ood and W est P alm Beach Boca Raton, F la., A pr _ , 80 cents F o r t W orth, T e x., O ct Suppl. F r e e F r e s n o, C a lif., June , $ G a in e s v ille, F la., Sept , $ G re e n B a y, W is., July , 80 cen ts G r e e n s b o r o W in sto n -S a le m H igh P o in t, N.C., A u g , 65 cen ts G r e e n v ille, S.C., June , 65 cen ts H a rtfo rd, C o n n., M a r , 80 cen ts H ou ston, T e x., A p r Suppl. F r e e H u n ts v ille, A la., F e b Suppl. F r e e In d ia n a p o lis, In d., O ct Suppl. F r e e J a c k s o n, M is s., F e b Suppl. F r e e J a c k s o n v ille, F la., D e c Suppl. F r e e K an sas C ity, M o.-k a n s., Sept , 80 cen ts L a w re n ce H a v e rh ill, M a s s. N.H., June Suppl. F r e e L exin g ton F a y e tte, K y., N ov Suppl. F r e e L ittle R ock N orth L ittle R o c k, A r k., July Suppl. F r e e L o s A n g e le s L ong B e a c h, C a lif., O ct S u p p l. F r e e Los Angeles Long B each and Anaheim Santa Ana Garden G r o v e, C a lif., O ct Suppl. F r e e L o u is v ille, K y. In d., N ov , 80 cen ts L u b b o ck, T e x., M a r Suppl. F r e e M a n c h e s te r, N.H., J u ly Suppl. F r e e M elbou rn e T itu s v ille C o c o a, F la., A ug , 65 cen ts B u lletin num ber A rea and price * M e m p h is, T en n. A rk. M is s., N ov Suppl. F re e M ia m i, F la., O ct Suppl. F re e M idlan d and O d e s s a, T e x., Jan Suppl. F re e M ilw a u k ee, W is., A p r , 85 cen ts M in n e a p o lis St. P a u l, M inn. W is., Jan , $ 1.05 M u sk egon M u sk egon H eig h ts, M ic h., June Suppl. F re e N assau S u ffo lk, N.Y., June , $ N ew a rk, N.J., Jan , $ 1.00 N ew ark and J e r s e y C ity, N.J.. Jan Suppl. F re e New H aven, C on n., Jan Suppl. F re e New O r le a n s, L a., J an Suppl. F ree New Y o r k, N.Y.-T L J., M ay , $ New Y o r k and N assau S u ffolk, N.Y., A p r Suppl. F re e N orfolk V ir g in ia B ea ch P o r ts m o u th, V a.~ N.C., M ay * 65 cen ts N orfolk V ir g in ia B e a ch P o rtsm o u th and N ew p ort N ew s- H am pton, V a., M ay , 65 cen ts N orth east P e n n sy lv a n ia, A ug , 65 cen ts O k lah om a C ity, O k la., A ug , 65 cen ts O m ah a, N e b r. Iow a, O ct , $ P a te r s o n C lifton P a s s a ic, N.J., June , 80 cen ts P h ila d e lp h ia, P a. N.J., N ov Suppl. F re e P h o e n ix, A r iz., June Suppl. F r e e P ittsb u rg h, P a., J an Suppl. F r e e P o rtla n d, M a in e, N ov Suppl. F re e P o rtla n d, O r e g. W a sh., M ay , 75 cen ts P o u g h k e e p s ie, N.Y P o u gh k eep s ie K in gston N ew burgh, N.Y., June Suppl. F re e P r o v id e n c e W a rw ick P a w tu ck e t, R.I. M a s s., June , 75 cen ts R a le ig h, N.C., D e c , 65 cen ts R a leig h D u rh am, N.C., F e b Suppl. F re e R ich m o n d, V a., June , 65 cents R iverside San Bernardino O ntario, C alif., D ec Suppl. Free R o c k fo r d, 111., June _ Suppl. F re e St. L o u is, M o. 111., M a r Suppl. F re e S a cra m e n to, C a lif., D e c , 80 cen ts Sagin aw, M ich., N ov , 75 cen ts Salt Lake C ity O gd en, U tah, N ov Suppl. F re e San A n ton io, T e x., M ay , 65 cen ts San D ie g o, C a lif., N ov , 80 cen ts San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d, C a lif., M a r , $ San J o s e, C a lif., M a r , 85 cen ts Savannah, G a., M ay Suppl. F re e S cra n to n, P a., July , 55 cen ts S eattle E v e r e tt, W a sh., Jan Suppl. F re e S iou x F a lls, S. D ak., D e c Suppl. F re e South B en d, In d., M a r Suppl. F re e S p ok an e, W a sh., June S u p p l. F re e S y r a c u s e, N.Y., July , 65 cen ts T am p a St. P e t e r s b u r g, F la., A ug Suppl. F re e T o le d o, O h io M ic h., M ay , 80 n ents T r e n to n, N.J., Sept , $ W a sh in gton, D.C. M d. V a., M a r , $ W a te rb u ry, C o n n., M a r Suppl. F re e W a te r lo o, Iow a, Nov , 60 cen ts W e s tc h e s te r C ounty, N.Y., M ay , 80 cen ts W ich ita, K a n s., A p r Suppl. F re e W o r c e s t e r, M a s s., M ay , 80 cents Y o r k, P a., F e b , 80 cen ts Y ou n gstow n W a r r e n, O h io, N ov Suppl. F re e * Prices are determined by the Government Printing Office and are subject to change. 1 Data on establishment practices ^nd supplementary wage provisions are also presented. 2 No longer surveyed. 3 To be surveyed.

32 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS WASHINGTON, D.C OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300 THIRD CLASS MAIL POSTAGE AND FEES PAID U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LAB ll.s.mail Region I B U R E A U 1603 J F K Federal B u ild in g G o vern m e n t C e nte r Boston, Mass Phone: (Area Code 6 1 7) C onnecticut M aine M assachusetts N e w H a m psh ire R h o d e Island V e rm o n t O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S R E G IO N A L O FFIC ES R egion II S u ite B ro a d w a y N e w Y o rk, N.Y P h one: (Area Code 21 2) N e w Jersey N e w Y o rk P u e rto R ico V irg in Islands Region III P.O. B o x P h ila d e lp h ia, Pa Phone: (Area Code 215) D elaw are D is tric t o f C o lu m b ia M a ry la n d Pennsylvania V irg in ia West V irginia Region IV S u ite Peachtree St. N.E. A tlanta, Ga Phone: (Area Code 404) Alabam a F lo rid a G eorgia K e n tu c k y M ississippi N o rth C a rolina S o u th C a rolina T ennessee Region V 9 th Floor, 2 30 S. Dearborn St. Chicago, III Phone: (Area Code 3 12 ) Illin o is In d ia n a M ichigan M inne sota O h io Digitized for WFRASER isconsin Region V I Second F loor 55 5 G riffin Square B u ild ing Dallas, Tex Phone: (Area Code 214 ) Louisia n a Jew M e x ic o O k la h o m a Texas Regions V II a no V I II Feaeral O ffic e B u ild in g 911 W a ln u t SL, 15 th F lo o r Kansas C ity, M o Phone: (Area Code 816 ) V II Io w a Kansas M issouri Nebraska V III C o lo ra d o M ontana N orth Dakota S o u th D a kota U ta h W y o m in g Regions IX and X 45 0 Golden Gate Ave. B o x San Francisco, C a lif P hone: (Area Code 41 5) IX A riz o n a C a lifo rn ia H aw aii Nevada X Alaska Idaho O regon W ashington