Norfolk Virginia Beach Portsmouth and Newport News Hampton, Virginia North Carolina, Metropolitan Areas, May Gloucester. Hampton.

Transcription

1 Area Wage Survey < 6. 3 : Norfolk Virginia Beach Portsmouth and Newport News Hampton, Virginia North Carolina, Metropolitan Areas, May 1978 Bulletin U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Gloucester.«$$$ftiamsburg - $>\>v > ^ ^ ^a> - A v NXaNewport News Portsmouth Hampton Norfolk Virginia Beach North Carolina

2 Preface T h is b u lletin p r o v id e s re su lts o f a M ay 1978 s u r v e y o f o ccu p a tio n a l earn in g s in the N orfolk V ir g in ia B e a c h -P o r ts m o u th and N ew p ort N e w s - H am pton, V irg in ia ^ N orth C a rolin a, Standard M e tro p o lita n S ta tistic a l A r e a. T he su rv e y w as m a d e as part o f the B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s ' annual a re a w age s u rv e y p r o g r a m. It w as con d u cted by the B u re a u 's r e g io n a l o ffic e in P h ila d elp h ia, P a., u nder the g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n o f Irw in L. F eig en b a u m, A s s is ta n t R e g io n a l C o m m is s io n e r fo r O p e ra tio n s. T he s u rv e y cou ld not have b een a c co m p lis h e d w ithout the c o o p e r a tio n o f the m an y fir m s w h o se w age and s a la r y data p r o v id e d the b a sis fo r the s ta tis tic a l in fo rm a tio n in this b u lletin. The B u reau w ish e s to e x p r e s s s in c e r e a p p re cia tio n fo r the co o p e ra tio n r e c e iv e d. M a te ria l in this p u b lica tion is in the p u b lic d om a in and m a y be r e p ro d u ce d w ithout p e r m is s io n o f the F e d e r a l G ov ern m en t. P le a s e c r e d it the B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tistics and c ite the nam e and n u m ber o f this pu blication. Note: C u rren t r e p o r ts on o c c u p a tio n a l ea rn in g s in the N orfolk V ir g in ia B each P ortsm ou th and N ew p ort N ew s H am pton a re a s a re a v a ila b le fo r the m ov in g and s to ra g e (M ay 1978) and la u n d ry and d r y cle a n in g (M a y 1978) in d u strie s. A ls o a v a ila b le fo r the N o r fo lk a r e a a re lis tin g s o f union w a ge ra tes fo r building tr a d e s, prin tin g tr a d e s, lo c a l-t r a n s it o p e r a tin g e m p lo y e e s, lo c a l tr u c k d r iv e r s and h e lp e r s, and g r o c e r y s to r e e m p lo y e e s. F r e e c o p ie s o f th ese are a v a ila b le fr o m the B u r e a u 's re g io n a l o f fic e s. (S ee b a ck c o v e r fo r a d d r e s s e s.)

3 Area Wage Survey Norfolk Virginia Beach Portsmouth and Newport News Hampton, Virginia North Carolina, Metropolitan Areas, May 1978 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Julius Shiskin, Commissioner July 1978 Bulletin Contents Page In tro d u ctio n 2 A ppendix A. S cope and m ethod o f s u r v e y 13 Appendix B. O ccu pational d e s c r ip tio n s 17 T a b le s: A. E arnings, all establishm ents: A - l. W eekly earnings o f o ffic e w o r k e r s 3 A - 2. W eekly earnings o f profession a l and technical w o r k e r s 5 A -3. A v era g e w eekly earnings of o ffic e, p r o fe ssio n a l, and techn ical w o rk e rs, by s e x 6 A - 4. H ourly earnings o f m aintenance, toolroom, and powerplant w o rk e rs 7 A - 5. H ourly earnings of m aterial m ovem ent and custodial w o rk ers 8 A - 6. A verage hourly earnings of m aintenance, to o lro o m, p ow erplant, m aterial m ovem ent, and cu stodial w o rk e rs, by s e x 10 A - l. P e r ce n t in cre a ses in average h ourly earn ings, adjusted fo r em ploym ent shifts, for selected occu pational g ro u p s 11 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C , GPO Bookstores, or BLS Regional Offices listed on back cover.

4 Introduction T h is a re a is 1 o f 75 in w h ich th e U.S. D ep a rtm en t o f L a b o r 's B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s con d u cts s u rv e y s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s and rela te d b e n e fits. (See lis t o f a re a s on in sid e b a ck c o v e r.) In ea ch a r e a, o ccu p a tio n a l e a rn in g s data ( A -s e r ie s ta b le s ) a re c o lle c t e d annually. In fo rm a tio n on e s ta b lish m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w a ge b e n e fits ( B -s e r ie s ta b le s ) is ob ta in ed e v e r y th ird y e a r. T h is r e p o r t has no B - s e r i e s ta b le s. E a ch y e a r a fte r a ll in d iv id u a l a r e a w a ge s u rv e y s h ave b e e n c o m p le te d, tw o su m m a ry b u lle tin s a re is s u e d. T h e fir s t b r in g s to g e th e r data fo r ea ch m e tro p o lita n a r e a s u r v e y e d ; the s e c o n d p r e s e n ts n a tion a l and re g io n a l e s tim a te s, p r o je c t e d fr o m in d iv id u a l m e tro p o lita n a r e a data, fo r a ll S tandard M e tro p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a s in the U nited S ta tes, exclu d in g A la sk a and H aw aii. A m a jo r c o n s id e r a tio n in the a re a w age s u rv e y p r o g r a m is the n eed to d e s c r ib e the le v e l and m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s in a v a r ie ty o f la b o r m a r k e ts, th rou gh the a n a ly sis o f (1) the le v e l and d is trib u tio n o f w a g e s by o ccu p a tio n, and (2) the m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s by o c c u p a tio n a l c a te g o r y and s k ill le v e l. The p r o g r a m d e v e lo p s in fo rm a tio n that m a y b e u se d fo r m any p u r p o s e s, in clu d in g w age and s a la r y a d m in is tra tio n, c o lle c t iv e b a rg a in in g, and a s s is ta n c e in d e te rm in in g plant lo c a tio n. S u rv ey r e s u lts a ls o a re u sed b y the U.S. D e p a rtm en t o f L a b o r to m a k e w agd d e te rm in a tio n s u n d er the S e r v ic e C on tra ct A ct o f A - s e r i e s ta b les T a b les A - l th rou gh A -6 p r o v id e e s tim a te s o f s tr a ig h t-tim e w e e k ly o r h o u rly earn ings fo r w o r k e r s in o ccu p a tio n s co m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m an u factu rin g and n onm an ufacturin g in d u s tr ie s. F o r the 31 la r g e s t s u rv e y a r e a s, ta b les A -8 th rou gh A - 13 p r o v id e s im ila r data fo r esta b lish m e n ts em p lo y in g 500 w o r k e r s o r m o r e. T able A -7 p r o v id e s p e r c e n t ch a n g es in a v e ra g e h o u rly ea rn in g s o f o ffic e c le r ic a l w o r k e r s, e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g w o r k e r s, in d u stria l n u r s e s, sk ille d m ain ten ance tr a d e s w o r k e r s, and u n sk ille d plant w o r k e r s. W h ere p o s s ib le, data a re p r e se n te d fo r a ll in d u strie s and fo r m a n u fa c tu rin g and n onm anufacturing s e p a r a te ly. D ata a r e not p r e s e n te d fo r s k ille d m a in ten a n ce w o r k e r s in n on m an u fa ctu rin g b e c a u s e the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in this occu p a tio n a l g ro u p in n on m an u fa ctu rin g is to o s m a ll to w a rra n t separa te p rese n ta tio n. T h is ta b le p r o v id e s a m e a s u r e o f w age tr e n d s a fte r elin im a tion o f changes in a v e ra g e e a rn in g s ca u se d by e m p lo y m en t sh ifts am ong esta b lish m e n ts as w e ll as tu r n o v e r o f e sta b lish m e n ts in clu d e d in su rv ey sa m p le s. F o r fu rth e r d e ta ils, se e app endix A. A p p en d ix es A ppendix A d e s c r ib e s the m eth od s and c o n c e p ts u sed in the a re a w a ge su rv ey p r o g r a m and p r o v id e s in fo r m a tio n on the s c o p e o f the s u rv e y. A ppendix B p r o v id e s jo b d e s c r ip tio n s u se d by B u re a u fie ld e c o n o m is ts to c la s s ify w o r k e r s by o ccu p a tio n.

5 A. E a rn in g s Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Norfolk Virginia Beach Portsmouth and Newport News Hampton, Va. N.C., May 1978 Occupation and industry division Average weekly hours 1 (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of and under m o ALL WORKERS SECRETARIES MANUFACTURING NONHANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S $ SECRETARIES. CLASS A SECRETARIES. CLASS B - MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING SECRETARIES. CLASS C - MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S s e c r e t a r ie s, c la ss d - m a n u fa ctu r in g NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TIL ITIE S * STENOGRAPHERS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TIL ITIE S STENOGRAPHERS. GENERAL NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S STENOGRAPHERS. SENIOR nonm anufactur in g TYPISTS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S TYPISTS. CLASS A NONMANUFACTURING TYPISTS. CLASS B MANUFACTURING NONHANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S FILE CLERKS NONMANUFACTURING FILE CLERKS. CLASS C - NONMANUFACTURING JO See footn otes at end of tables. 3

6 Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Norfolk Virginia Beach Portsmouth and Newport News Hampton, Va. N.C., May 1978 Continued Occupation and industry division "^"^eekl^earning^^ Number of workers receiving (standard) straight-time wee kly earnings of---- N U. Average S $ * * s s s S % 1 1 $ $ $ * % t % % s weekly of workers hours1 (standard] Mean2 Median 2 Middle range 2 and * ALL WORKERS CONTINUED HESSEN6ERS NONNANUFACTURING SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS NONNANUFACTURING SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTS- NANUFACTURING NONNANUFACTURING ORDER CLERKS NONNANUFACTURING order c l e r k s, class b NONNANUFACTURING ACCOUNTING CLERKS NANUFACTURING NONNANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TILITIE S ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS A NANUFACTURING NONNANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TILITIE S ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS B NANUFACTURING NONNANUFACTURING BOOKKEEPING-HACHINE OPERATORS NACHINE BILLERS PAYROLL CLERKS NANUFACTURING NONNANUFACTURING KEY ENTRY OPERATORS NANUFACTURING KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS A NONNANUFACTURING KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS BI MANUFACTURING $ $ $ $ ~ " ~ * _ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ _ ~ i " i i _ " ~ _ - _ _ - _ " _ i ~ " ~ * ~ ~ " ' " See footnotes at end of tables. 4

7 Table A-2. Weekly earnings of professional and technical workers in Norfolk Virginia Beach Portsmouth and Newport News Hampton, Va. N.C., May 1978 Occupation and industry division Number of workers ^^Weddy^arnlng^^ (standard) Average weekly hours1 (standard) Mean2 Median 2 Middle range 2 Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of "* t i t s $ % f* * i t * * * * * * * * * * and under ALL WORKERS COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS (BUSINESS) COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS (BUSINESS). CLASS A COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS (BUSINESS). CLASS B COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS (BUSINESS). CLASS C COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (BUSINESS) COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (BUSINESS). CLASS B COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (BUSINESS). CLASS C COMPUTER OPERATORS MANUFACTURING NONHANUFACTURING COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS B MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS C NONMANUFACTURING DRAFTERS NONMANUFACTURING DRAFTERS. CLASS B d r a f t e r s, c l a s s c ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS MANUFACTURING n o n m an ufac tur in g: PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS. CLASS A- MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS. CLASS 8- NONMANUFACTURING ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS. CLASS C- NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S REGISTERED INDUSTRIAL NURSES MANUFACTURING $ 320* $ $ * * OC * I i _ i _ i ~ C _ _ ~ - ~ _ ~ _ - _ _ ~ _ _ See footn otes at end of ta b les. 5

8 Table A-3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex, in Norfolk Virginia Beach Portsmouth and Newport News Hampton, Va. N.C., May 1978 Sex,1 occupation, and industry division Number of workers Week hr hours (standard) Average (mean*) Weekly earnings1 (standard) Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division Number of woikers Weekly hours (standard) Average (mean2) Weekly earnings1 (standard) Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly hours* (standard) Average (mean2) Weekly earning!1 (standard) OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - HEN MESSENGERS OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN SECRETARIES MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TILITIE S SECRETARIES. CLASS A - SECRETARIES. CLASS B - MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING SECRETARIES. CLASS C - MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TILITIE S SECRETARIES. CLASS 0 - MANUFACTURING nonmanufacturing PUBLIC U TILITIE S STENOGRAPHERS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TILITIE S STENOGRAPHERS. GENERAL NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TILITIE S STENOGRAPHERS. SENIOR NONMANUFACTURING TYPISTS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TILITIE S TYPISTS. CLASS A NONMANUFACTURING TYPISTS. CLASS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TILITIE S FILE CLERKS NONMANUFACTURING $ A o o OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN CONTINUED FILE CLERKS - CONTINUED FILE CLERKS. CLASS C NONMANUFACTURING SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS NONMANUFACTURING SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTS- MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING ORDER CLERKS NONMANUFACTURING ORDER CLERKS. CLASS B NONMANUFACTURING ACCOUNTING CLERKS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TILITIE S ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS A MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TILITIE S ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS B MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS MACHINE BILLERS PAYROLL CLERKS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING KEY ENTRY OPERATORS MANUFACTURING KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS A NONMANUFACTURING KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS BZ MANUFACTURING PROFESSIONAL and te c h n ic a l OCCUPATIONS - HEN COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS (BUSINESS) PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN CONTINUED COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS 137 $ ( BUSINESS) - CONTINUED I COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS (BUSINESS). CLASS A COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS (BUSINESS). CLASS B COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS (BUSINESS). CLASS C COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (BUSINESS) COMPUTER OPERATORS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS B NONMANUFACTURING COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS C NONMANUFACTURING DRAFTERS DRAFTERS. CLASS B ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS MANUFACTURING n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g: PUBLIC U TIL ITIE S ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS. CLASS A MANUFACTURING nonm anufacturing PUBLIC U TIL ITIE S ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS. CLASS B- 182 NONMANUFACTURING PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS (BUSINESS) COMPUTER OPERATORS NONMANUFACTURING COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS B NONMANUFACTURING COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS C REGISTERED INDUSTRIAL NURSES MANUFACTURING o ft O O o $ o o o o * O o o o o o o «O V* See footn otes at end of tables. 6

9 Table A-4. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant workers in Norfolk Virginia Beach Portsmouth and Newport News Hampton, Va. N.C., May 1978 Occupation and industry division Hourly earnings 4 Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earning s of s * $ t S * * $ $ * s s $ S $ $ $ s $ $ $ s N l of workers Mean2 Median 2 Middle range 2 and under ALL UORKFRS MAINTENANCE CARPENTERS MANUFACTURING MAINTENANCE ELECTRICIANS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S MAINTENANCE PAINTERS MAINTENANCE MACHINISTS MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MACHINERY) MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MOTOR VEHICLES) MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S MAINTENANCE PIPEFITTERS MANUFACTURING MAINTENANCE SHEET-METAL WORKERS - MAINTENANCE TRADES HELPERS NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S STATIONARY ENGINEERS MANUFACTURING BOILER TENDERS MANUFACTURING $ $ $ $ * _ " _ ~ ~ » ~ 18 " ~ ~ ~ i _ i ~ 17 ~ _ * i i i See footnotes at end of tables. 7

10 Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers in Norfolk Virginia Beach Portsmouth and Newport News Hampton, Va. N.C., May 1978 O ccupation and industry d iv ision Hourly earnings * N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s re c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e ho u rly e a r n in g s o f NuuiU of S 2.60 S 2.70 $ 2.80 * 2.90 s 3.00 s s 3.40 t 3.60 S 3.80 s 4.00 s 4.20 s 4.60 $ 5.00 % 5.40 * 5.80 * 6.20 $ 6.60 $ 7.00 S $ 7.80 i 8.20 ~i ~i workers Mean2 Median2 Middle range 2 and unde r CO O CM CO o *o ALL UORKERS TRUCKDRIVERS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S TRUCKDRIVERS. LIGHT TRUCK - NONMANUFACTURING TRUCKDRIVERS. MEDIUM TRUCK MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING TRUCKDRIVERS. HEAVY TRUCK (TRAILER! m a n u f a c t u r in g NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S TRUCKDRIVERS. HEAVY TRUCK (OTHER THAN TRAILER! MANUFACTURING SHIPPING CLERKS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING RECEIVING CLERKS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS NONMANUFACTURING UAR EHOUSEMEN MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURIN PUBLIC U TIL ITIE S ORDER FILLERS SHIPPING PACKERS MANUFACTURING MATERIAL HANDLING LABORERS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING FORKLIFT OPERATORS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S $ $ $ $ _ _ ~ _ _ ~ ~ 118 ~ 78 " _ " _ _ _ - _ " _ _ See footnotes at end of ta bles. 8

11 Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers in Norfolk Virginia Beach Portsmouth and Newport News Hampton, Va. N.C., May 1978 Continued Hourly earnings * Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of O ccupation and industry d iv ision workers Mean2 Median* Middle range * and under s $ s s $ S * s s s S 1 $ % $ $ S $ $ s $ % ( ALL UORKERS CONTINUED POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS (OTHER THAN FORKLIFT) MANUFACTURING GUARDS AND WATCHMEN NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S JANITORS. PORTERS. AND CLEANERS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TIL ITIE S $ $ $ $ l l ~ <*<* ~ 6 ~ 3 ~ _ 17 _ - <* ~ See footn otes at end of ta b les. 9

12 Table A-6. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, powerplant, material movement, and custodial workers. by sex, in Norfolk Virginia Beach Portsmouth and Newport News Hampton, Va. N.C., May 1978 Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division Number of Average (mean^) hourly earnings 4 MAINTENANCE' TOOLROOM' AND POUERPLANT OCCUPATIONS - MEN MAINTENANCE CARPENTERS MANUFACTURING MAINTENANCE ELECTRICIANS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TILITIE S MAINTENANCE PAINTERS MAINTENANCE MACHINISTS MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MACHINERY) - MANUFACTURING NONHANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TILITIE S MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MOTOR VEHICLES) MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TILITIE S MAINTENANCE PIPEFITTERS MANUFACTURING MAINTENANCE SHEET-METAL WORKERS MAINTENANCE TRADES HELPERS NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TILITIE S STATIONARY ENGINEERS MANUFACTURING BOILER TENDERS MANUFACTURING MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN TRUCKDRIVERS MANUFACTURING NONHANUFACTURING - PUBLIC U TILITIE S $ MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTOOIAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN CONTINUED TRUCKDRIVERS - CONTINUED TRUCKDRIVERS' HEAVY TRUCK (TRAILER! MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TILITIE S TRUCKDRIVERS. HEAVY TRUCK (OTHER THAN TRAILER) MANUFACTURING SHIPPING CLERKS NONHANUFACTURING RECEIVING CLERKS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS NONMANUFACTURING WAREHOUSEMEN MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TILITIE S ORDER FILLERS SHIPPING PACKERS MANUFACTURING MATERIAL HANOLING LABORERS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING FORKLIFT OPERATORS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING - PUBLIC U TILITIE S POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS (OTHER THAN FORKLIFT) MANUFACTURING GUARDS AND WATCHMEN NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TILITIE S $ TRUCKDRIVERS. LIGHT TRUCK NONMANUFACTURING TRUCKDRIVERS. MEDIUM TRUCK MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING JANITORS. PORTERS. AND CLEANERS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U TILITIE S MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN JANITORS. PORTERS. AND CLEANERS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING See footnotes at end of tables. 10

13 Table A-7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings, adjusted for employment shifts, for selected occupational groups in Norfolk Virginia Beach Portsmouth and Newport News Hampton, Va. N.C., for selected periods I n d u s tr y and o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p 5 J a n u a r y 1972 to J a n u a r y 1973 J a n u a r y 1973 to J a n u a r y 1974 J a n u a r y 1974 to M a y M a y to M a y m o n th i n c r e a s e A n n u a l ra te o f in c r e a s e M a y 1976 to M a y 1977 M a y 1977 to M a y A l l in d u s t r ie s : O ffice c le r ic a l E l e c t r o n i c da ta p r o c e s s in g (6 ) ( 6 ) In du strial nurses (6 ) S k ille d m a in te n a n c e tra d e s U n skilled plant w ork ers M a n u fa ctu rin g : O ffic e c l e r i c a l (6 ) ( 6 ) ( 6 ) (6 ) (6 ) ( 6 ) ( 6 ) E l e c t r o n i c d a ta p r o c e s s in g (6 ) ( 6 ) ( 6 ) ( 6 ) ( 6) ( 6 ) ( 6 ) I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s _ ( 6 ) ( 6 ) ( 6 ) (6 ) ( 6) 13.5 ( 6 ) S killed m aintenance trades U n skilled plant w orkers N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g : O ffic e c l e r i c a l E l e c t r o n i c d a ta p r o c e s s in g (6 ) ( 6 ) ( 6 ) (6) ( 6 ) ( 6 ) ( 6 ) I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s (6 ) ( 6 ) (6 ) (6) (6 ) ( 6 ) ( 6 ) U n s k ille d p la n t w o r k e r s See footnotes at end of tables. Footnotes 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for overtime at regular and/or premium rates), and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. 2 The mean is computed for each job by totaling the earnings of all workers and dividing by the number of workers. The median designates position half of the workers receive the same or more and half receive the same or less than, the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay; a fourth of the workers earn the same or less than the lower of these rates and a fourth earn the same or more than the higher rate. 3 Earnings data relate only to workers whose sex identification was p r o v id e d by the establishment. 4 E xclu des prem iu m pay fo r ov ertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. 5 Estimates for periods ending prior to 1976 relate to men only for skilled maintenance and unskilled plant workers. All other estimates relate to men and women. 6 Data do not meet publication criteria or data not available. 11

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15 Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey In ea ch o f th e 75 1 a r e a s cu r r e n tly s u rv e y e d, the B u rea u obtain s w a g e s and r e la te d b e n e fits data fr o m r e p re se n ta tiv e e sta b lish m e n ts w ithin s ix b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s : M a n u fa ctu rin g ; tr a n s p o rta tio n, c o m m u n ica tio n, and o th e r p u b lic u tilit ie s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e ta il tr a d e ; fin a n ce, in su ra n c e, and r e a l e sta te ; and s e r v i c e s. G overn m en t o p e r a tio n s and th e c o n stru ctio n and e x tra c tiv e in d u s trie s a r e e x clu d e d. E sta b lish m en ts having fe w e r than a p r e s c r ib e d n u m b er o f w o r k e r s a r e a lso ex clu d e d b e ca u se o f in su fficie n t e m p lo y m e n t in the o c c u p a tio n s stu d ied. A p p en d ix table 1 show s the n u m ber o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s estim a te d to be w ithin the s c o p e o f th is s u r v e y, as w e ll as the n u m b e r a ctu a lly studied. B u rea u fie ld r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s obtain data by p e r s o n a l v is its at 3 -y e a r in te r v a ls. In ea ch o f th e tw o in terven in g y e a r s, in fo rm a tio n on e m p lo y m e n t and o c c u p a tio n a l ea rn in g s on ly is c o lle c te d by a com b in a tio n o f p e r s o n a l v is it, m a il q u e s tio n n a ir e, and telephon e in terv iew fr o m e s ta b lis h m en ts p a r tic ip a tin g in th e p r e v io u s su rv e y. A s a m p le o f th e esta b lish m e n ts in the sco p e o f the s u r v e y is s e le c t e d f o r study p r io r to e a ch p e r so n a l v is it su rv e y. T h is s a m p le, le s s e s ta b lis h m e n ts w h ich go out o f b u s in e s s o r a re no lon g er w ithin th e in d u stria l s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y, is re ta in e d fo r the fo llo w in g two annual s u r v e y s. In m o s t c a s e s, e s ta b lis h m e n ts n ew to the a re a a re not c o n s id e r e d in the s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y u n til th e s e le c t io n o f a sa m p le fo r a p e r so n a l v is it s u rv e y. T h e sa m p lin g p r o c e d u r e s in v olv e d eta iled s tr a tific a tio n o f a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in th e s c o p e o f an in divid ual area s u rv e y by in d u stry and n u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s. F r o m th is stra tifie d u n iv e rse a p r o b a b ility sa m p le is s e le c t e d, w ith ea ch e sta b lish m e n t having a p r e d e te r m in e d ch a n ce o f s e le c t io n. T o o b ta in o p tim u m a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t, a g r e a te r p r o p o r tio n o f la r g e than s m a ll esta b lish m e n ts is s e le c te d. W hen data a re co m b in e d, e a ch e s ta b lis h m e n t is w eigh ted a c c o r d in g to its p r o b a b ility o f s e le c t io n s o that u n b ia s e d e s tim a te s a re gen era ted. F o r e x a m p le, if one out o f fo u r e s ta b lis h m e n ts is s e le c t e d, it is given a w eight o f 4 to r e p r e s e n t it s e lf p lu s th r e e o th e r s. An a lte rn a te o f the sam e o r ig in a l p r o b a b ility is c h o s e n in the s a m e in d u s t r y -s iz e c la s s ific a tio n if data a r e not a v a ila b le fr o m the o r ig in a l s a m p le m e m b e r. If no su ita b le substitu te is a v a ila b le, a d d itio n a l w eigh t is a s s ig n e d to a sa m p le m e m b e r that is s im ila r to the m is s in g unit. * Included in the 75 areas are 5 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These areas are Akron, Ohio; Birmingham, A la.; N orfolk Virginia Beach Portsmouth and Newport News Hampton, V a. N.C.; Poughkeepsie Kingston Newburgh, N.Y.; and Utica Rom e, N.Y. In addition, the Bureau conducts more lim ited area studies in approxim ately 100 areas at the request o f the Employment Standards Administration of the U. S. Department o f Labor. O ccu p a tio n s and earn in g s O ccu p a tio n s s e le c te d fo r study a re co m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u fa c tu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u s trie s, and a re o f the fo llo w in g ty p e s : (1) O ffic e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (3) m a in ten a n ce, to o lr o o m, and p ow erp la n t; and (4) m a te r ia l m ov em en t and c u sto d ia l. O ccu p a tion a l c la s s ific a tio n is b a sed on a u n ifo rm set o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d esig n ed to take a ccou n t o f in ter esta b lish m e n t v a ria tio n in d u ties w ithin the sa m e jo b. O ccu p a tio n s s e le c te d fo r study a r e lis te d and d e s c r ib e d in appendix B. U n less o th e r w is e in d ica te d, the ea rn in g s data fo llo w in g the jo b title s a re fo r a ll in d u strie s c o m b in e d. E a rn in gs data fo r som e o f the o ccu p a tio n s lis te d and d e s c r ib e d, o r fo r som e in d u stry d iv is io n s w ithin the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y, a re not p r e se n te d in the A - s e r i e s ta b les b eca u se e ith e r (1) em p loym en t in the o ccu p a tio n is too s m a ll to p r o v id e enough data to m e r it p r e se n ta tio n, o r (2) th e r e is p o s s ib ilit y o f d is c lo s u r e o f individual e s ta b lish m e n t data. S ep arate m e n 's and w o m e n 's e a rn in g s data a re not p r e se n te d w hen the n u m ber o f w o r k e r s not id e n tifie d by s e x is 20 p e rce n t o r m o r e o f the m en o r w om en id en tified in an o ccu p a tio n. E arn ings data not show n s e p a r a te ly fo r in d u stry d iv is io n s a r e in clu d ed in data fo r all in d u strie s co m b in e d. L ik e w is e, fo r o ccu p a tio n s w ith m o r e than one le v e l, data a re in clu d ed in the o v e r a ll c la s s ific a tio n w hen a sub c la s s ific a tio n is not show n o r in fo rm a tio n to s u b c la s s ify is not a v a ila b le. O ccu p a tio n a l em p loym en t and ea rn in gs data a r e show n fo r fu ll-tim e w o r k e r s, i.e., th o s e h ir e d to w o rk a re g u la r w e e k ly sch e d u le. E arn ings data e x clu d e p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w eek e n d s, h o lid a y s, and la te s h ifts. N on p rod u ction b o n u ses a r e e x clu d e d, but c o s t -o f-liv in g a llo w a n ce s and in ce n tiv e b on u ses a r e in clu d ed. W eek ly h ou rs fo r o ffic e c l e r i c a l and p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o ccu p a tio n s r e fe r to the standard w o rk w e e k (ro u n d e d to the n e a r e st h a lf hour) fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e re g u la r s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s (e x c lu s iv e o f pay fo r o v e r tim e at regu la r a n d /o r p r e m iu m r a te s ). A v e r a g e w e e k ly ea rn in g s fo r th e se occu p a tio n s a re rou nded to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r. V e r t ic a l lin e s w ithin the d istrib u tion o f w o r k e r s on so m e A -ta b le s in d ica te a ch ange in the s iz e o f the c la s s in te rv a ls. T h e s e s u rv e y s m e a s u r e the le v e l o f o ccu p a tio n a l e a rn in g s in an a rea at a p a r tic u la r tim e. C o m p a ris o n s o f in d ivid u al o ccu p a tio n a l a v e ra g e s o v e r tim e m a y not r e fle c t e x p e cte d w age ch a n g e s. The a v e r a g e s for individual jo b s a r e a ffe c te d by ch a n ges in w a g es and em p loym en t p a tte rn s. F o r ex a m p le, p r o p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d by h ig h - o r lo w -w a g e fir m s m ay ch ange, o r h ig h -w a g e w o r k e r s m a y advance to b e tte r jo b s and be r e p la c e d by new w o r k e r s at lo w e r r a te s. Such sh ifts in em p loym en t co u ld d e c r e a s e an o c c u p a tion a l a v e r a g e even though m o st e s ta b lish m e n ts in an a r e a in c r e a s e w ages 13

16 du rin g th e y e a r. C h an ges in ea rn in g s o f o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s, show n in ta b le A - 7, a re b e tte r in d ic a to r s o f w age tr e n d s than a r e e a rn in g s ch a n g es fo r in d ivid u a l jo b s w ithin the g r o u p s. A v e r a g e e a rn in g s r e fle c t c o m p o s ite, a rea w id e e s tim a te s. In d u stries and e s ta b lis h m e n ts d iffe r in p a y le v e l and jo b s ta ffin g, and thus co n trib u te d iffe r e n tly to the e s tim a te s fo r ea ch jo b. P a y a v e r a g e s m a y fa il to r e fle c t a c c u r a te ly the w a ge d iffe r e n tia l am on g jo b s in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts. A v e r a g e p a y le v e ls fo r m en and w om en in s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n s should not be a s su m e d to r e fle c t d iffe r e n c e s in p ay o f the s e x e s w ithin in d ivid u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts. F a c t o r s w h ich m a y co n trib u te to d iffe r e n c e s in clu d e p r o g r e s s i o n w ith in e s ta b lis h e d ra te ra n g e s (o n ly the ra te s paid in cu m b en ts a r e c o lle c te d ) and p e r fo r m a n c e o f s p e c ific d u ties w ithin the g e n e ra l s u r v e y jo b d e s c r ip tio n s. Job d e s c r ip tio n s u se d to c la s s ify e m p lo y e e s in th e s e s u r v e y s u su a lly a r e m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th o s e u se d in in d ivid u al esta b lish m e n ts and a llo w fo r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am on g e sta b lis h m e n ts in s p e c ific d u ties p e r fo r m e d. O ccu p a tio n a l e m p loy m en t e s tim a te s r e p r e s e n t the to ta l in a ll e s ta b lish m e n ts w ithin the s c o p e o f the study and not the n u m b er a ctu a lly s u rv e y e d. B e ca u se o c c u p a tio n a l s tru c tu r e s am on g esta b lish m e n ts d iffe r, e s tim a te s o f o ccu p a tio n a l e m p loy m en t ob ta in ed fr o m the sa m p le o f e sta b lis h m e n ts stu died s e r v e on ly to in d ica te the r e la tiv e im p o rta n ce o f the jo b s stu d ied. T h e se d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l str u c tu r e do not a ffe ct m a te r ia lly the a c c u r a c y o f the earn ings data. W age tr e n d s fo r s e le c te d o ccu p a tio n a l grou p s The p e r c e n t in c r e a s e s p r e se n te d in ta b le A -7 a r e b a s e d on ch a n g es in a v e ra g e h o u rly e a rn in g s o f m en and w om en in e sta b lis h m e n ts r e p o rtin g the tren d jo b s in both the cu rre n t and p r e v io u s y e a r (m a tch e d e s ta b lis h m e n ts ). The data a r e a d ju sted to r e m o v e the e ffe c ts on a v e r a g e e a rn in g s o f e m p lo y m ent sh ifts am on g e sta b lis h m e n ts and tu r n o v e r o f e sta b lis h m e n ts in clu d ed in s u rv e y s a m p le s. T h e p e r c e n t in c r e a s e s, h o w e v e r, a r e s till a ffe c te d by fa c to r s o th e r than w a ge in c r e a s e s. H ir in g s, la y o ffs, and tu rn o v e r m a y a ffe ct an e s ta b lish m e n t a v e r a g e fo r an o c cu p a tio n when w o r k e r s a r e p aid under plans p r o v id in g a ra n ge o f w age ra te s fo r in d ivid u a l jo b s. In p e r io d s o f in c r e a s e d h ir in g, fo r e x a m p le, new e m p lo y e e s m a y en ter at the b o tto m o f the ra n g e, d e p r e s s in g the a v e r a g e w ithout a ch ange in w a g e r a te s. The p e r c e n t ch a n ges r e la te to w a ge ch a n ges b etw een th e in d ica ted d a tes. W hen the tim e span b etw een s u r v e y s is oth er than 12 m on th s, annual ra tes a re show n. (It is a s su m e d that w a g e s in c r e a s e at a con sta n t rate betw een s u r v e y s.) O ccu p a tio n s u se d to com p u te w age O ffic e c l e r i c a l S e c r e t a r ie s S te n o g r a p h e r s, g e n e r a l S te n o g r a p h e r s, s e n io r T y p is ts, c la s s e s A and B F ile c l e r k s, c la s s e s A, B, and C M e s s e n g e r s S w itch b oa rd o p e r a to r s tr e n d s a re : O ffic e c le r ic a l C ontinued O r d e r c le r k s, c la s s e s A and B A cco u n tin g c le r k s, c la s s e s A and B B o ok k eep in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s, c la s s B P a y r o ll c le r k s K ey e n try o p e r a t o r s, c la s s e s A and B E le c tro n ic data p r o c e s s in g C om puter sy ste m s a n a ly sts, c la s s e s A, B, and C C om puter p r o g r a m m e r s, c la s s e s A, B, and C C om puter o p e r a t o r s, c la s s e s A, B, and C Industrial n u rses R e g is te r e d in d u stria l n u rses S k illed m a in ten a n ce C a rp e n te r s E le c t r ic ia n s P a in te r s M a ch in is ts M e c h a n ic s (m a ch in e ry ) M e c h a n ic s (m o to r v e h icle ) P ip e fitt e r s T o o l and die m a k e rs U n sk ille d plant J a n ito r s, p o r t e r s, and c le a n e r s M a te r ia l handling la b o r e r s P e r ce n t ch anges fo r in d iv id u a l a r e a s in the p r o g r a m a re com p u ted as fo llo w s ; 1. A v e ra g e ea rn in gs a re com p u te d fo r ea ch o c cu p a tio n fo r the 2 y e a r s being c o m p a r e d. T h e a v e r a g e s a r e d e r iv e d fr o m earn ings in th o s e e s ta b lis h m e n ts w h ich a r e in the s u rv e y both y e a r s ; it is a s su m e d that em p loym en t rem ains unchanged. 2. E ach o ccu p a tion is a s sig n e d a w eigh t b a s e d on its p r o p ortion a te em p loym en t in the o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p in the b a se y e a r. 3. T h ese w eigh ts a re u se d to com p u te g rou p a v e r a g e s. E ach o c c u p a tio n 's a v e r a g e e a rn in g s (co m p u te d in step 1) is m u ltip lie d by its w eig h t. T h e p r o d u c ts a r e to ta le d to obtain a grou p a v e ra g e. 4. The ra tio o f grou p a v e r a g e s fo r 2 c o n s e c u tiv e y e a r s is com pu ted by d iv id in g the a v e r a g e for the c u r r e n t y e a r by the a v e ra g e for the e a r lie r y e a r. T he re su lt e x p r e s s e d as a p e r ce n t le s s 100 is the p e r c e n t ch a n g e. F o r a m o r e d eta iled d e s c r ip tio n o f the m eth od u se d to co m p u te th e se w a g e tr e n d s, s e e "Im p rov in g A r e a W age S u rv ey I n d e x e s," M on th ly L a b o r R e v ie w, January 1973, pp E sta b lish m en t p r a c tic e s and su p p le m e n ta ry w a g e p r o v is io n s T abu lation s on s e le c te d e sta b lish m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w a ge p r o v is io n s ( B -s e r ie s ta b le s) a re not p r e s e n te d in th is b u lletin. I n fo r m a tion fo r th ese tabu lation s is c o lle c t e d at 3 -y e a r in te r v a ls. T h e se ta b u la tion s on m in im u m en tra n ce s a la r ie s fo r in e x p e r ie n c e d o ffic e w o r k e r s ; shift d iffe r e n tia ls ; s ch e d u le d w e e k ly h ou rs and d a y s; p a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a ca tio n s ; and h ealth, in su ra n c e, and p e n sion p la n s a r e p r e s e n te d (in the B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) in p r e v io u s b u lletin s fo r th is a r e a. 14

17 Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Norfolk Virginia Beach Portsmouth and Newport News Hampton, Va. N.C.,1May 1978 Industry d iv ision 2 M in im u m e m p lo y m e n t in e s t a b lis h - m e n ts in s c o p e o f stu d y N um ber of establishm ents W ith in s c o p e o f stu d y 3 S tu d ied W ork ers in establishm ents W ith in s c o p e o f stu d y 4 N u m b e r P e r c e n t S tu d ied ALL DIVISIONS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING ~ TRANSPORTATION, c o m m u n ic a t io n, and OTHER PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE t840 FINANCE. INSURANCE. AND REAL ESTATE SERVICES The N orfolk V irg in ia B each P ortsm ou th and N ew port New s Hampton Standa r d M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a s, as d e fin e d b y the O ffic e o f M a n a gem e n t and B u d g e t th r o u g h F e b r u a r y , c o n s is t o f the c it ie s o f C h e s a p e a k e, H a m p to n, N e w p o r t News, N o r f o lk, P o q u o s o n, P o r t s m o u t h, S u ffo lk, V ir g in ia B e a c h, and W illia m s b u r g, V a.; and th e c o u n tie s o f G lo u c e s t e r, J a m e s C ity, and Y o r k, V a., and C u r r itu c k, N.C. T h e " w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s tu d y " e s t im a t e s sh ow n in th is ta b le p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f the s iz e and c o m p o s itio n o f the la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y. E s tim a t e s a r e n ot in te n d e d, h o w e v e r, f o r c o m p a r is o n w ith o t h e r e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s t o m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t tr e n d s o r le v e ls s in c e (1 ) p la n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s e s t a b lis h m e n t d a ta c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in a d v a n c e o f the p a y r o l l p e r io d s tu d ie d, and (2 ) s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s a re e x c lu d e d fro m the scop e of the su rvey. 2 T h e 1972 e d it io n o f th e S ta n d a rd I n d u s tria l C la s s if ic a t io n M anual w a s u s e d in c l a s s i f y in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n. H o w e v e r, a ll g o v e r n m e n t opera tion s a re exclu ded fro m the scop e o f the survey. 3 In c lu d e s a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith t o t a l e m p lo y m e n t at o r a b o v e the m in im u m lim it a t io n. A l l o u t le t s (w ith in the a r e a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in in d u s t r ie s s u c h as t r a d e, fin a n c e, auto r e p a ir s e r v i c e, and m o t io n p ic t u r e th e a t e r s a r e c o n s id e r e d a s on e e sta b lis h m e n t. 4 I n c lu d e s a ll w o r k e r s in a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith t o t a l e m p lo y m e n t (w ith in the area ) at o r above the m inim um lim itation. 5 A b b r e v ia t e d to " p u b lic u t ilit ie s " in th e A - s e r i e s t a b le s. T a x ic a b s and s e r v i c e s in c id e n t a l to w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t io n a r e e x c lu d e d. 6 S eparate presen tation o f data is not m ade fo r this division. 7 H o te ls and m o t e ls ; la u n d r ie s and o t h e r p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u to m o b ile r e p a i r, r e n t a l, and p a r k in g ; m o t io n p ic t u r e s ; n o n p r o fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a t io n s (e x c lu d in g r e lig io u s and c h a r it a b le o r g a n iz a t io n s ); and e n g in e e r in g and a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s. 15

18

19 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions T h e p r im a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a rin g jo b d e s c r ip tio n s fo r the B u r e a u 's w a g e s u r v e y s is to a s s is t its fie ld staff in c la s s ify in g into a p p ro p ria te o c c u p a tio n s w o r k e r s who a re em p loyed u nder a v a r ie ty o f p a y r o ll title s and d iffe r e n t w o rk a rra n g e m e n ts fr o m e sta b lish m e n t to esta b lish m e n t and fr o m a r e a to a re a. T h is p e r m its th e grou p in g o f o c c u p a tio n a l w a g e ra te s r e p r e se n tin g co m p a ra b le job con ten t. B e ca u se o f th is e m p h a s is on in te re s ta b lis h m e n t and in te ra re a c o m p a r a b ility o f o c c u p a tio n a l co n te n t, the B u rea u 's jo b d e s c r ip tio n s m ay d iffe r s ig n ific a n tly fr o m th o s e in u se in in d iv id u a l e sta b lish m en ts o r th o s e p r e p a r e d fo r o th e r p u r p o s e s. In a p p lyin g th e s e jo b d e s c r ip tio n s, the B u re a u 's fie ld e c o n o m is ts a r e in stru cte d to exclu d e w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s ; a p p r e n tic e s ; and p a r t -t im e, t e m p o r a r y, a n d p r o b a tio n a ry w o r k e r s. H an dicap ped w o r k e r s w h o s e e a rn in g s a r e re d u ce d b e ca u se o f th e ir h an d icap a r e a ls o e x clu d e d. L e a r n e r s, b e g in n e r s, and tr a in e e s, u n less s p e c ific a lly in clu d ed in the jo b d e s c r ip t io n, a r e exclu d ed. Office S E C R E T A R Y A s s ig n e d a s p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y, n o r m a lly to on e in d iv id u a l. M a in ta in s a c lo s e and h ig h ly r e s p o n s iv e re la tio n sh ip to the d a y -t o -d a y w o rk o f the s u p e r v is o r. W o r k s f a i r ly in d ep en d en tly r e c e iv in g a m in im u m o f d e ta ile d s u p e r v is io n and g u id a n ce. P e r fo r m s v a r ie d c le r i c a l and s e c r e t a r ia l d u tie s, u s u a lly in clu d in g m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : a. R e c e iv e s te le p h o n e c a lls, p e r s o n a l c a lle r s, and in co m in g m a il, a n s w e r s rou tin e in q u ir ie s, and ro u te s te c h n ica l in q u ir ie s to the p r o p e r p e r s o n s ; b. E s ta b lis h e s, m a in ta in s, and r e v is e s the s u p e r v is o r 's f ile s ; c. M a in ta in s the s u p e r v is o r 's ca le n d a r and m a k e s a p p oin tm en ts as in s tru c te d ; d. R e la y s m e s s a g e s fr o m s u p e r v is o r to su b o rd in a te s; e. R e v ie w s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e, m e m o ra n d a, and r e p o r ts p r e p a r e d b y o th e r s f o r the s u p e r v is o r 's sig n a tu re to a s s u r e p r o c e d u r a l and ty p o g ra p h ic a c c u r a c y ; f. P e r fo r m s s te n o g r a p h ic and typin g w o rk. SEC R E T A R Y C ontinue d M ay a ls o p e r fo r m o th e r c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r ia l ta sk s o f co m p a ra b le n atu re and d iffic u lty. The w o rk ty p ic a lly r e q u ir e s k n ow led ge o f o ffic e routine and u n d ersta n d in g o f the o rg a n iz a tio n, p r o g r a m s, and p r o c e d u r e s re la te d to the w o r k o f the s u p e r v is o r. E x c lu s io n s N ot a ll p o s itio n s that a r e title d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s the a b ov e c h a r a c t e r is t ic s. E x a m p le s o f p o s itio n s w h ich a re e x clu d e d fr o m the d efin ition a re as fo llo w s : a. P o s itio n s w h ich do n ot m e e t the " p e r s o n a l" s e c r e t a r y co n ce p t d e s c r ib e d a b o v e ; b. S te n o g r a p h e rs n o t fu lly train e d in s e c r e t a r ia l-t y p e d u ties; c. S te n o g r a p h e rs s e r v in g as o ffic e a s sista n ts to a grou p o f p r o fe s sio n a l, te c h n ic a l, o r m a n a g e r ia l p e r s o n s ; d. S e c r e t a r y p o s itio n s in w h ich the d u ties a r e e ith e r su b sta n tia lly m o r e rou tin e o r su b sta n tia lly m o r e c o m p le x and r e s p o n s ib le than th ose c h a r a c te r iz e d in the d e fin itio n ;

20 SE CRETARY Continued E x c lu s io n s C ontinued SECRETARY Continued C la s s C e. A s s is ta n t-ty p e p o s itio n s w h ich in v o lv e m o r e d iffic u lt o r m o r e 1. S e c r e ta r y to an e x e cu tiv e o r m a n a g e r ia l p e r so n w h o se r e s p o n r e s p o n s ib le te c h n ic a l, a d m in is tra tiv e, s u p e r v is o r y, o r s p e c ia liz e d c l e r i c a l s ib ility is not equivalent to one o f the s p e c ific le v e l situ a tion s in the d e fin ition d u ties w h ich a r e not ty p ic a l o f s e c r e t a r ia l w o rk. fo r c la s s B, but w h ose o r g a n iz a tio n a l unit n o r m a lly n u m b e rs at le a s t s e v e r a l d o z e n e m p lo y e e s and is u su a lly d iv id e d in to o r g a n iz a tio n a l se g m e n ts w h ich a re o fte n, in turn, fu rth er su b d ivid ed. In som e c o m p a n ie s, th is le v e l in clu d e s a N O T E : T he te r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r, " u sed in the le v e l d e fin itio n s w id e ran ge o f o rg a n iz a tio n a l e c h e lo n s ; in o th e r s, on ly one o r tw o; cm fo llo w in g, r e f e r s to th o s e o ffic ia ls w ho have a s ig n ifica n t co r p o r a te w id e p o licy m a k in g r o le w ith r e g a r d to m a jo r co m p a n y a c tiv itie s. T he title "v ic e p r e sid e n t, " though n o r m a lly in d ica tiv e o f th is r o le, d o e s not in a ll c a s e s id e n tify such p o s itio n s. V ic e p r e s id e n ts w h ose p r im a r y r e s p o n s ib ility is to act p e r s o n a lly on in d iv id u a l c a s e s o r tr a n s a c tio n s ( e.g., a p p ro v e o r deny in d iv id u a l loan o r c r e d it a c tio n s ; a d m in is te r in d iv id u a l tr u s t a cco u n ts; d ir e c tly s u p e r v is e a c l e r i c a l staff) a re not c o n s id e r e d to be " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r s " fo r p u rp o s e s o f a p p lyin g the fo llo w in g le v e l d e fin itio n s. C la s s A 1. S e c r e ta r y to the ch a irm a n o f the b o a rd o r p r e s id e n t o f a com p a n y that e m p lo y s, in a ll, o v e r 100 but fe w e r than 5,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 2. S e c r e ta r y to a c o r p o r a te o f fic e r (o th e r than the ch a irm a n o f the b o a rd o r p r e sid e n t) o f a co m p a n y that e m p lo y s, in a ll, o v e r 5, 000 but fe w e r than 2 5,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 3. S e c r e ta r y to the h ead, im m e d ia te ly b e lo w the c o r p o r a te o ffic e r le v e l, o f a m a jo r se g m e n t o r s u b s id ia r y o f a co m p a n y that e m p lo y s, in a ll, o v e r 2 5,0 0 0 p e r s o n s. C la s s B 2. S e c r e ta r y to the head o f an in d iv id u a l p lan t, fa c to r y, e tc. (o r oth e r equivalent le v e l o f o ffic ia l) that e m p lo y s, in a ll, fe w e r than 5,0 0 0 p e r s o n s. C la s s D 1. S e c r e ta r y to the s u p e r v is o r o r head o f a s m a ll o rg a n iz a tio n a l unit (e.g., fe w e r than about 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ); o 2. S e c r e ta r y to a n o n s u p e r v is o r y staff s p e c ia lis t, p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e, a d m in istra tiv e o f fic e r, o r a s s is ta n t, s k ille d te c h n icia n, o r e x p e rt. (N O T E : Many co m p a n ie s a ssig n s te n o g r a p h e r s, ra th e r than s e c r e t a r ie s as d e s c r ib e d a bove, to th is le v e l o f s u p e r v is o r y o r n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r.) ST E N O G R A PH E R P r im a r y duty is to take d ic ta tio n u sin g sh orth a n d, and to tr a n s c r ib e the d icta tio n. M ay a lso type fr o m w ritte n c o p y. M ay o p e r a te fr o m a s te n o g ra p h ic p o o l. M ay o c c a s io n a lly tr a n s c r ib e fr o m v o ic e r e c o r d in g s (if p r im a r y duty is tr a n s c r ib in g fr o m r e c o r d in g s, s e e T r a n s c r ib in g -M a c h in e T y p is t). N O T E : T h is jo b is d istin g u ish e d fr o m that o f a s e c r e t a r y in that a s e c r e t a r y n o rm a lly w o rk s in a co n fid e n tia l re la tio n s h ip w ith on ly one m a n a g e r o r e x e cu tiv e and p e r fo r m s m o r e r e s p o n s ib le and d is c r e t io n a r y ta sk s as d e s c r ib e d in the s e c r e t a r y jo b d e fin itio n. 1. S e c r e t a r y to the ch a irm a n o f the b o a rd o r p r e s id e n t o f a com p a n y that e m p lo y s, in a ll, fe w e r than 100 p e r s o n s ; o r 2. S e c r e ta r y to a c o r p o r a te o f fic e r (o th er than the ch a irm a n o f the b o a rd o r p r e sid e n t) o f a co m p a n y that e m p lo y s, in a ll, o v e r 100 but fe w e r than 5,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 3. S e c r e t a r y to the h ead, im m e d ia te ly b e lo w the o f fic e r le v e l, o v e r e ith e r a m a jo r c o r p o r a tio n w id e fu n ctio n a l a c tiv ity (e.g., m a rk e tin g, r e s e a r c h, o p e r a tio n s, in d u stria l r e la t io n s, e tc.) o r a m a jo r g e o g r a p h ic o r o rg a n iz a tio n a l segm en t ( e.g., a r e g io n a l h e a d q u a rte rs; a m a jo r d iv is io n ) o f a com p a n y that e m p lo y s, in a ll, o v e r 5,0 0 0 but fe w e r than 2 5,0 0 0 e m p lo y e e s ; o r 4. S e c r e ta r y to the head o f an in d iv id u a l p lan t, fa c to r y, e tc. (o r oth er eq u iv a len t le v e l o f o ffic ia l) that e m p lo y s, in a ll, o v e r 5, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r 5. S e c r e ta r y to the head o f a la rg e and im p orta n t o r g a n iz a tio n a l segm en t ( e.g., a m id d le m a n a g em en t s u p e r v is o r o f an o r g a n iz a tio n a l seg m en t often in v o lv in g as m an y as s e v e r a l hundred p e r s o n s ) o r a co m p a n y that e m p lo y s, in a ll, o v e r 2 5,0 0 0 p e r s o n s. S tenographer, G en eral D ictation in v o lv e s a n o r m a l rou tin e v o c a b u la r y. M ay m a in ta in f ile s, k eep sim p le r e c o r d s, o r p e r fo r m o th e r r e la t iv e ly rou tin e c l e r i c a l ta s k s. S tenographer, Sen ior D ictation in v o lv e s a v a r ie d te c h n ic a l dr s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y such as in le g a l b r ie fs o r r e p o r ts on s c ie n t ific r e s e a r c h. M ay a ls o set up and m a in ta in file s, k eep r e c o r d s, e tc. OR P e r fo r m s sten ogra p h ic d u ties re q u ir in g s ig n ific a n tly g r e a te r in d e p en d en ce and r e s p o n s ib ility than s te n o g r a p h e r, g e n e r a l, as e v id e n c e d by the fo llo w in g : W ork r e q u ir e s a high d e g r e e o f s te n o g ra p h ic sp e e d and a c c u r a c y ; a th orou g h w ork in g kn ow led ge o f g e n e r a l b u s in e s s and o ffic e p r o c e d u r e ; and o f the s p e c ific b u sin e ss o p e r a tio n s, o r g a n iz a tio n, p o li c ie s, p r o c e d u r e s, f ile s, w o r k flo w, e tc. U ses th is k n ow led ge in p e r fo r m in g ste n o g ra p h ic d u ties and r e s p o n s ib le c le r ic a l ta sk s such as m a in ta in in g fo llo w u p file s ; a s s e m b lin g m a te r ia l fo r r e p o r ts, m e m o ra n d a, and le t t e r s ; c o m p o s in g s im p le le t te r s fr o m g e n e ra l in stru c tio n s ; rea d in g and rou tin g in co m in g m a il; and a n sw e rin g routine q u estion s, etc.

21 T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E T Y P IS T P r im a r y duty is to ty p e co p y o f v o ic e r e c o r d e d d icta tio n w h ich d o e s not in v o lv e v a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o ca b u la ry su ch as that u sed in le g a l b r ie fs o r r e p o r ts on s c ie n tific r e s e a r c h. M ay a lso ty p e fr o m w ritten c o p y. M ay m ain tain f i l e s, k eep sim p le r e c o r d s, o r p e r fo r m oth e r r e la tiv e ly rou tin e c l e r i c a l ta s k s. (S ee S ten ograp h er d efin ition fo r w o r k e r s in v olv ed w ith shorthand d icta tion.) T Y P IS T U s e s a ty p e w r ite r to m ake c o p ie s o f v a rio u s m a te r ia ls o r to m ake out b ills a fte r c a lc u la tio n s h ave b een m ade by another p e r s o n. M ay in clu d e typin g o f s t e n c ils, m a ts, o r s im ila r m a te r ia ls fo r use in d u p licatin g p r o c e s s e s. M a y do c l e r i c a l w o r k in volvin g little s p e c ia l tr a in in g, su ch as k e e p in g s im p le r e c o r d s, filin g r e c o r d s and r e p o r ts, o r s o rtin g and d istrib u tin g in c o m in g m a il. C la s s A. P e r fo r m s on e o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g ; T y p in g m a te r ia l in fin a l fo r m w hen it in v o lv e s co m b in in g m a te r ia l fr o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s ; o r r e s p o n s ib ility f o r c o r.r e c t s p e llin g, s y lla b ica tio n, punctuation, e tc., o f te c h n ic a l o r u nu su al w o r d s o r fo r e ig n language m a te r ia l; o r planning la y ou t and typin g o f c o m p lic a t e d s ta t is tic a l ta b le s to m ain tain u n ifo rm ity and b a la n ce in s p a cin g. M a y ty p e rou tin e fo r m le t te r s, v a ry in g d e ta ils to suit c ir c u m s t a n c e s. C la s s B. P e r fo r m s on e o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : C op y typing fr o m rou g h o r c le a r d r a fts ; o r rou tin e typing o f fo r m s, in su ra n ce p o li c ie s, e t c.; o r settin g up s im p le sta n d a rd ta b u la tion s; o r cop y in g m o r e c o m p le x ta b les a lr e a d y set up and sp a c e d p r o p e r ly. F IL E C L E R K F ile s, c l a s s i f i e s, and r e t r ie v e s m a te r ia l in an e s ta b lis h e d filin g s y s te m. M a y p e r fo r m c l e r i c a l and m anual task s re q u ire d to m a in ta in f ile s. P o s it io n s a r e c la s s ifie d in to le v e ls on the b a s is o f the fo llo w in g d e fin itio n s. C la s s A. C la s s ifie s and in d ex es file m a te r ia l su ch as c o r r e s p o n d e n c e, r e p o r ts, te c h n ic a l d o c u m e n ts, e t c., in an e s ta b lis h e d filin g s y s te m co n ta in in g a n u m b e r o f v a r ie d s u b je ct m a tte r file s. M a y a ls o file this m a t e r ia l. M a y k e e p r e c o r d s o f v a rio u s ty p es in con ju n ction w ith the f ile s. M a y le a d a s m a ll g ro u p o f lo w e r le v e l file c le r k s. C la s s B. S o r t s, c o d e s, and file s u n c la s s ifie d m a t e r ia l b y sim p le (s u b je c t m a tte r) h e a d in g s o r p a r t ly c la s s ifie d m a te r ia l b y fin e r su b h ea d in gs. P r e p a r e s s im p le re la te d in d e x and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e a id s. A s re q u e ste d, lo c a t e s c le a r ly id e n tifie d m a t e r ia l in file s and fo rw a rd s m a t e r ia l. M ay p e r fo r m r e la te d c l e r i c a l ta sk s re q u ire d to m aintain and s e r v ic e file s. C la s s C. P e r fo r m s rou tin e filin g o f m a te r ia l that h as a lr e a d y b een c la s s ifie d o r w h ich is e a s ily c la s s ifie d in a sim p le s e r ia l c la s s ific a t io n s y s te m ( e.g., a lp h a b e tic a l, c h r o n o lo g ic a l, o r n u m e r ic a l). A s re q u e ste d, lo c a t e s r e a d ily a v a ila b le m a t e r ia l in file s and fo rw a rd s m a t e r ia ls ; and m a y f i l l out w ith d raw a l c h a r g e. M a y p e r fo r m sim p le c le r ic a l and m anual task s r e q u ir e d to m a in ta in and s e r v ic e file s. M ESSEN G ER P e r fo r m s v a r io u s rou tin e du ties su ch as running e r r a n d s, operating m in o r o ffic e m a ch in e s su ch as s e a le r s o r m a ile r s, open in g and d istributing m a il, and oth e r m in o r c le r i c a l w o rk. E x clu d e p o s itio n s that re q u ire o p e r a tion o f a m o to r v e h ic le as a s ig n ifica n t duty. SW ITCH B O A R D O P E R A T O R O p e ra te s a telep h on e sw itch b o a rd o r c o n s o le u se d w ith a p riv a te b ra n ch exch a n ge (P B X ) s y s te m to r e la y in co m in g, ou tg oin g, and in tra syste m c a lls. M ay p r o v id e in fo rm a tio n to c a lle r s, r e c o r d and tr a n sm it m e s s a g e s, k eep r e c o r d o f c a lls p la c e d and t o ll c h a r g e s. B e s id e s o p e ra tin g a telephon e s w itch b o a rd o r c o n s o le, m a y a ls o ty p e o r p e r fo r m rou tin e c le r ic a l w ork (typ ing o r rou tin e c l e r i c a l w o r k m a y o c c u p y the m a jo r p o r tio n o f the w o r k e r 's tim e, and is u su a lly p e r fo r m e d w h ile at the sw itch b o a rd o r c o n s o le ). C hief o r le a d o p e r a to r s in e s ta b lish m e n ts em p loyin g m o r e than one o p e r a to r a re ex clu d e d. F o r an o p e r a to r who a ls o a cts as a r e c e p tio n is t, s e e Sw itchboard O p e ra to r -R e c e p t io n is t. SW ITCH B O A R D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T At a s in g le -p o s itio n telep h on e s w itch b o a rd o r c o n s o le, a cts both as an o p e r a to r s e e S w itch b oa rd O p e ra to r and as a r e c e p tio n is t. R e ce p tio n ist's w o r k in v o lv e s su ch du ties as g re e tin g v is it o r s ; d e te rm in in g n ature o f v is ito r 's b u sin e ss and p r o v id in g a p p ro p ria te in fo rm a tio n ; r e fe r r in g v is ito r to a p p r o p r ia te p e r s o n in the o rg a n iz a tio n o r con ta ctin g that p e r s o n by telephon e and a rra n g in g an a ppointm en t; k eep in g a lo g o f v is it o r s. O R D E R C L E R K R e c e iv e s w ritten o r v e r b a l c u s t o m e r s ' p u rch a se o r d e r s fo r m a te ria l o r m e r c h a n d is e fr o m c u s to m e r s o r s a le s p e o p le. W o rk ty p ic a lly in volves so m e co m b in a tion o f the fo llo w in g d u ties: Q uoting p r ic e s ; d eterm in in g a v a ila b ility o f o r d e r e d ite m s and su g g estin g su b stitu tes w hen n e c e s s a r y ; advising e x p e cte d d e liv e r y date and m ethod o f d e liv e r y ; r e c o r d in g o r d e r and cu sto m e r in fo rm a tio n on o r d e r sh e e ts; ch e ck in g o r d e r sh eets fo r a c c u r a c y and a d eq u a cy o f in fo rm a tio n r e c o r d e d ; a s ce rta in in g c r e d it rating o f cu sto m e r ; fu rn ish in g c u s to m e r w ith ack n ow led g em en t o f r e c e ip t o f o r d e r ; fo llo w in g -u p to s e e that o r d e r is d e liv e r e d b y the s p e c ifie d date o r to let cu sto m e r know o f a d e la y in d e liv e r y ; m ain tain in g o r d e r file ; ch e ck in g shipping in v o ice a gain st o r ig in a l o r d e r. E x clu d e w o r k e r s p aid on a c o m m is s io n b a s is o r w h ose duties in clu d e any o f the fo llo w in g : R e c e iv in g o r d e r s fo r s e r v ic e s ra th er than fo r m a te r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e ; p rov id in g c u s to m e r s w ith con su lta tiv e a d vice u sin g k n ow led ge gain ed fr o m e n g in eerin g o r e x te n siv e te c h n ic a l train in g; e m p h a sizin g s e llin g s k ills ; handling m a te r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e as an in tegra l part o f the jo b. P o s itio n s a r e c la s s ifie d into le v e ls a c c o r d in g to the follow in g d e fin itio n s : C la ss A. H andles o r d e r s that in v o lv e m akin g ju d g m en ts such as ch o o sin g w h ich s p e c ific p r o d u c t o r m a te r ia l fr o m the e s ta b lis h m e n t's p rod u ct lin e s w ill s a tis fy the c u s t o m e r 's n e e d s, o r d e te rm in in g the p r ic e to be quoted w hen p r ic in g in v o lv e s m o r e than m e r e ly r e fe r r in g to a p r ic e lis t or m aking som e sim p le m a th e m a tica l ca lc u la tio n s. 19

22 O R D E R C L E R K C ontinued C la ss B. H an d les o r d e r s in v olv in g ite m s w h ich h ave r e a d ily id e n tifie d u se s and a p p lic a tio n s. M ay r e fe r to a c a ta lo g, m a n u fa c tu r e r 's m a n u a l, o r s im ila r d ocu m en t to in siire that p r o p e r ite m is su p p lied o r to v e r ify p r ic e o f o r d e r e d item. A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K P e r fo r m s on e o r m o r e a cco u n tin g c l e r i c a l ta sk s su ch as p o s tin g to r e g is t e r s and le d g e r s ; r e c o n c ilin g bank a c c o u n ts; v e r ify in g the in te rn a l c o n s is te n c y, c o m p le t e n e s s, and m a th e m a tica l a c c u r a c y o f a cco u n tin g d o c u m e n ts; a ssig n in g p r e s c r ib e d a ccou n tin g d is trib u tio n c o d e s ; exam in in g and v e r ify in g fo r c l e r i c a l a c c u r a c y v a rio u s ty p e s o f r e p o r t s, lis t s, c a lc u la tio n s, p o s tin g, e tc.; o r p r e p a r in g s im p le o r a s s is tin g in p r e p a r in g m o r e c o m p lic a te d jo u rn a l v o u c h e r s. M ay w o r k in e ith e r a m an ual o r autom ated a cco u n tin g s y s te m. T he w o rk r e q u ir e s a k n ow led g e o f c l e r i c a l m eth od s and o ffic e p r a c tic e s and p r o c e d u r e s w h ich r e la te s to the c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s in g and r e c o r d in g o f tr a n s a c tio n s and a cco u n tin g in fo rm a tio n. W ith e x p e r ie n c e, the w o r k e r ty p ic a lly b e c o m e s fa m ilia r w ith the b o ok k eep in g and a cco u n tin g te r m s and p r o c e d u r e s u se d in th e a s sig n e d w o r k, but is not r e q u ir e d to have a k n ow led g e o f the fo r m a l p r in c ip le s o f b o o k k e e p in g and a cco u n tin g. P o s itio n s a r e c la s s ifie d d e fin itio n s: into le v e ls on the b a s is o f the fo llo w in g C la ss A. U n der g e n e ra l s u p e r v is io n, p e r fo r m s a ccou n tin g c le r ic a l o p e r a t io n! w h ich r e q u ir e the a p p lica tio n o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju d g m e n t, fo r e x a m p le, c l e r i c a l l y p r o c e s s in g c o m p lic a te d or n o n re p e titiv e a cco u n tin g t r a n s a c tio n s, s e le c tin g am on g a su b sta n tia l v a r ie ty o f p r e s c r ib e d a cco u n tin g co d e s and c la s s ific a t io n s, o r tr a c in g tr a n s a c tio n s th rou g h p r e v io u s a ccou n tin g a ctio n s to d e te rm in e s o u r c e o f d is c r e p a n c ie s. M ay be a s s is t e d by on e o r m o r e c la s s B a cco u n tin g c le r k s. C la s s B. U nder c lo s e s u p e r v is io n, fo llo w in g d e ta ile d in stru ctio n s and s ta n d a rd ized p r o c e d u r e s, p e r fo r m s on e o r m o r e rou tin e a cco u n tin g c l e r ic a l o p e r a tio n s, su ch as p o stin g to le d g e r s, c a r d s, o r w o r k s h e e ts w h e re id e n tifica tio n o f ite m s and lo c a tio n s o f p o s tin g s a r e c le a r ly in d ica ted; ch e ck in g a c c u r a c y and c o m p le te n e s s o f sta n d a rd ized and r e p e titiv e r e c o r d s o r a cco u n tin g d o c u m e n ts; and co d in g d ocu m en ts u sin g a few p r e s c r ib e d a ccou n tin g c o d e s. B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p e r a te s a b o ok k eep in g m a ch in e (w ith o r w ithout a ty p e w r ite r k e y b oa rd ) to k eep a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s tr a n s a c tio n s. C la s s A. K eeps a set o f r e c o r d s r e q u irin g a k n ow led g e o f and e x p e r ie n c e in b a s ic b o o k k e e p in g p r in c ip le s, and fa m ilia r it y w ith the str u c tu r e o f the p a r tic u la r a cco u n tin g s y s te m u se d. D e te r m in e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d is trib u tio n o f d eb it and c r e d it ite m s to be u sed in ea ch p h a se o f the w o rk. M ay p r e p a r e c o n s o lid a te d r e p o r t s, b a la n ce s h e e ts, and o th e r r e c o r d s by hand. C la ss B. K e e p s a r e c o r d o f on e o r m o r e p h a ses o r s e c tio n s o f a set o f r e c o r d s u s u a lly r e q u ir in g little k n ow led g e o f b a s ic b o o k k e e p in g. P h a se s o r s e c tio n s in clu d e a cco u n ts p a y a b le, p a y r o ll, c u s t o m e r s ' a cco u n ts (not in clu d in g a s im p le ty p e o f b illin g d e s c r ib e d u n d er m a ch in e b ille r ), B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R C ontinued c o s t d istrib u tio n, e x p en se d is trib u tio n, in v e n to ry c o n tr o l, e tc. M ay c h e c k o r a s s is t in p rep a ra tio n o f tr ia l b a la n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n tr o l sh eets fo r the accou nting departm ent. M ACHINE BILLER P r e p a r e s sta tem en ts, b ills, and in v o ic e s on a m a ch in e oth e r than an o r d in a r y o r e le c tr o m a tic ty p e w r ite r. M a y a ls o k eep r e c o r d s a s to b illin g s o r ship pin g ch a rg e s o r p e r fo r m o th e r c l e r i c a l w o r k in cid e n ta l to b illin g o p e r a tio n s. F o r w age study p u r p o s e s, m a ch in e b ille r s a r e c la s s ifie d by ty p e o f m a c h in e, as fo llo w s : B illin g -m a c h in e b ille r. U ses a s p e c ia l b illin g m a ch in e (co m b in a tio n typin g arid adding m ach in e) to p r e p a r e b ills and in v o ic e s fr o m c u s t o m e r s ' p u rch a se o r d e r s, in tern a lly p r e p a r e d o r d e r s, ship pin g m e m o r a n d a, e tc. U su a lly in v o lv e s a p p lica tion o f p r e d e te r m in e d d is c o u n ts and sh ip pin g c h a r g e s and en try o f n e c e s s a r y e x te n s io n s, w h ich m a y o r m a y not be co m p u te d on the b illin g m a ch in e, and to ta ls w h ich a r e a u to m a tic a lly a ccu m u la te d by m a ch in e. The o p e ra tio n u su a lly in v o lv e s a la r g e n u m ber o f c a r b o n c o p ie s o f the b ill being p r e p a re d and is ofte n d on e on a fa n fo ld m a ch in e. B o o k k e e p in g -m a ch in e b ille r. U ses a b o ok k eep in g m a ch in e (w ith o r w ithout a ty p e w rite r k eyboard ) to p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ' b ills as p a rt o f the a cco u n ts r e c e iv a b le op e ratio n. G e n e r a lly in v o lv e s the sim u lta n e o u s e n try o f fig u r e s on c u s to m e r s ' le d g e r r e c o r d. T he m a ch in e a u to m a tic a lly a ccu m u la te s fig u r e s on a n um ber o f v e r t ic a l co lu m n s and co m p u te s and u su a lly p rin ts a u to m a tica lly the debit o r cre d it b a la n c e s. D o e s not in v o lv e a k n ow led g e o f b ook k eepin g. W o rk s fr o m u n ifo r m and sta n d a rd ty p e s o f s a le s and c r e d it s lip s. P A Y R O L L CLE R K P e r fo r m s the c le r ic a l ta sk s n e c e s s a r y to p r o c e s s p a y r o lls and to m ain tain p a y r o ll r e c o r d s. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : P r o c e s s in g w o r k e r s ' tim e o r p rod u ctio n r e c o r d s ; a d ju stin g w o r k e r s ' r e c o r d s fo r ch a n ges in w a ge r a te s, su p p lem en ta ry b e n e fits, o r ta x d e d u ctio n s; ed itin g p a y r o ll lis tin g s against s o u r c e r e c o r d s ; tr a c in g and c o r r e c t in g e r r o r s in lis tin g s ; and a s s is tin g in p r e p a ra tio n o f p e r io d ic su m m a ry p a y r o ll r e p o r t s. In a n o n - autom ated p a y r o ll s y s te m, com p u tes w a g e s. W o rk m a y r e q u ir e a p r a c tic a l k n ow led ge of g o v e rn m e n ta l r e g u la tio n s, co m p a n y p a y r o ll p o lic y, o r the co m p u te r sy stem fo r p r o c e s s in g p a y r o lls. KEY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R O p era tes a keypunch m a ch in e to r e c o r d o r v e r ify a lp h a b e tic a n d /o r n u m e ric data on tabulating ca rd s o r on ta p e. P o s itio n s a r e c la s s ifie d into d e fin itio n s. le v e ls on th e b a s is o f the fo llo w in g C la ss A. W o rk r e q u ir e s th e a p p lica tio n o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju d g m en t in s e le c tin g p r o c e d u r e s to be fo llo w e d and in s e a r c h in g f o r, in te r p r e tin g, s e le c tin g, o r cod in g ite m s to be k eyp u n ch ed fr o m a v a r ie ty o f s o u r c e d o c u m e n ts. On o c c a s io n m ay a lso p e r fo r m s o m e rou tin e k eyp unch w o rk. M ay tra in in e x p e rie n ce d keyp un ch o p e r a t o r s. 20

23 K EY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R C ontinued C la s s B. W o r k is rou tin e and re p e titiv e. U nder c lo s e s u p e r v is io n o r fo llo w in g s p e c ific p r o c e d u r e s o r in stru c tio n s, w ork s fr o m v a rio u s s ta n d a r d iz e d s o u r c e d o c u m e n ts w h ich h ave been co d e d, and fo llo w s s p e c ifie d p r o c e d u r e s w h ich h av e b e e n p r e s c r ib e d in d eta il and r e q u ir e little o r no s e le c t in g, c o d in g, o r in te r p r e tin g o f data to be r e c o r d e d. R e fe r s to s u p e r v is o r p r o b le m s a r is in g from e r r o n e o u s ite m s or co d e s o r m is s in g in fo r m a tio n. T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p e ra te s on e o r a v a r ie ty o f m a ch in es su ch as the ta b u la to r, c a l c u la t o r, c o lla t o r, in t e r p r e t e r, s o r t e r, re p ro d u cin g punch, e tc. E x clu d e d fr o m th is d e fin itio n a r e w o rk in g s u p e r v is o r s. A ls o e x clu d ed a r e o p e r a t o r s o f e le c t r o n ic d ig ita l c o m p u te r s, even though th ey m ay a ls o o p e r a te e le c t r ic a cco u n tin g m a ch in e e q u ip m en t. P o s itio n s a r e d e fin itio n s. c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a s is o f the fo llo w in g C la ss A. P e r fo r m s c o m p le te r e p o rtin g and tabulatin g a ssig n m e n ts in clu d in g d e v is in g d iffic u lt c o n tr o l p a n el w irin g under g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n. A s s ig n m e n ts ty p ic a lly in v o lv e a v a r ie ty o f lon g and c o m p le x r e p o r ts w h ich o fte n a r e ir r e g u la r o r n o n r e c u r r in g, re q u irin g so m e planning o f the n ature and s e q u e n cin g o f o p e r a t io n s, and the u se o f a v a rie ty o f m a ch in e s. Is ty p ic a lly in v o lv e d in tr a in in g new o p e r a to r s in m a ch in e o p e r a tio n s o r tra in in g lo w e r le v e l o p e r a t o r s in w ir in g fr o m d ia g ra m s and in the o p e ra tin g s e q u e n ce s o f lo n g and c o m p le x r e p o r t s. D oes not in clude p o s itio n s in w h ich w irin g r e s p o n s ib ility is lim ite d to s e le c tio n and in se r tio n o f p r e w ir e d b o a r d s. C la s s B. P e r fo r m s w o rk a c c o r d in g to e s ta b lish e d p r o c e d u r e s and u n d er s p e c ific in s tru c tio n s. A s s ig n m e n ts ty p ic a lly in v olv e co m p le te but r o u tin e and r e c u r r in g r e p o r ts o r p a rts o f la r g e r and m o r e c o m p le x r e p o r ts. O p e r a te s m o r e d iffic u lt ta b u la tin g o r e le c t r ic a l a ccou n tin g m a ch in e s su ch as the ta b u la to r and c a lc u la t o r, in addition to the s im p le r m a ch in e s u se d by c la s s C o p e r a t o r s. M a y be r e q u ir e d to do som e w irin g fr o m d ia g r a m s. M a y tr a in new e m p lo y e e s in b a s ic m a ch in e o p e r a tio n s. C la s s C. U n der s p e c ific in stru c tio n s, o p e r a te s s im p le tabulatin g o r e l e c t r ic a l a cco u n tin g m a c h in e s su ch as the s o r t e r, in te r p r e te r, r e p r o d u cin g p u n ch, c o lla t o r, e tc. A s s ig n m e n ts ty p ic a lly in v olv e p o r tio n s o f a w o r k u n it, fo r e x a m p le, in d iv id u a l so rtin g o r colla tin g ru n s, o r re p e titiv e o p e r a t io n s. M a y p e r fo r m s im p le w irin g fr o m d ia g r a m s, and do som e filin g w o r k. Professional and Technical C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T, BUSINESS A n a ly z e s b u s in e s s p r o b le m s to fo rm u la te p r o c e d u r e s fo r so lv in g th e m b y u se o f e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g equip m en t. D e v e lo p s a c o m p le te d e s c r ip tio n o f a ll s p e c ific a t io n s n eeded to enable p r o g r a m m e r s to p r e p a r e r e q u ir e d d ig ita l c o m p u te r p r o g r a m s. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : A n a ly z e s s u b je c t-m a t te r o p e r a tio n s to be autom ated and id e n tifie s con d itio n s and c r it e r ia r e q u ir e d to a c h ie v e s a tis fa c to r y r e s u lts ; s p e c ifie s n u m ber and C O M P U T E R SY STE M S A N A L Y S T, BUSINESS C ontinued ty p es o f r e c o r d s, file s, and d ocu m en ts to b e u se d ; ou tlin es a ction s to be p e r fo r m e d b y p e r s o n n e l and co m p u te rs in su fficie n t d e ta il fo r p resen ta tion to m a n a gem en t and fo r p r o g r a m m in g (ty p ic a lly th is in v o lv e s p repara tio n o f w o r k and data flo w c h a r ts ); co o r d in a te s the d ev e lo p m e n t o f test p r o b le m s and p a r tic ip a te s in t r ia l runs o f new and r e v is e d s y s te m s ; and re co m m e n d s equip m en t ch a n g es to ob ta in m o r e e ffe c tiv e o v e r a ll o p e r a tio n s. (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g both s y s te m s a n a ly sis and p r o g r a m m in g should be c la s s ifie d as s y s te m s a n a ly sts if th is is the s k ill u sed to d eterm in e th e ir p a y.) D oes not in clu d e e m p lo y e e s p r im a r ily r e s p o n s ib le fo r the m a n a g e m ent o r s u p e r v is io n o f o th e r e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s, o r s y s te m s a n a ly sts p r im a r ily c o n c e r n e d w ith s c ie n tific o r en g in eerin g p r o b le m s. F o r w age study p u r p o s e s, s y s te m s a n a ly sts a r e c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : C la ss A. W o rk s in d ep en d en tly o r u nder on ly g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s in v o lv in g a ll p h a ses o f s y s te m s a n a ly sis. P r o b le m s a re c o m p le x b e c a u s e o f d iv e r s e s o u r c e s o f input data and m u ltip le -u s e r e q u ir e m en ts o f output data. (F o r e x a m p le, d e v e lo p s an in teg ra ted p roductio n s c h e d u lin g, in v e n to ry c o n tr o l, c o s t a n a ly s is, and s a le s a n a ly sis r e c o r d in w hich e v e r y ite m o f ea ch ty p e is a u to m a tica lly p r o c e s s e d th rou gh the fu ll sy ste m o f r e c o r d s and a p p ro p ria te fo llo w u p a ctio n s a r e in itia ted by the co m p u ter.) C o n fe rs w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e te rm in e the data p r o c e s s in g p r o b le m s and a d v is e s s u b je c t-m a tte r p e r so n n e l on the im p lic a tio n s o f new o r r e v is e d s y s te m s o f data p r o c e s s in g o p e r a t io n s. M akes r e c o m m e n d a tio n s, if n eeded, fo r a p p ro v a l o f m a jo r s y s te m s in sta lla tio n s o r ch anges and fo r obtaining equipm ent. M ay p r o v id e fu n ction a l d ir e c tio n to lo w e r le v e l w ho a r e a s s ig n e d to a s s is t. s y s te m s analysts C la ss B. W o rk s in dep en d en tly o r u nder on ly g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n on p r o b le m s that a re r e la tiv e ly u n co m p lica te d to a n a ly z e, p la n, p r o g r a m, and o p e r a te. P r o b le m s a r e o f lim ite d c o m p le x ity b e ca u s e s o u r c e s o f input data a re h o m o g e n e o u s and the output data a r e c lo s e ly re la te d. (F o r ex a m p le, d e v e lo p s s y s te m s fo r m ain tain in g d e p o s ito r a cco u n ts in a bank, m aintaining a cco u n ts r e c e iv a b le in a re ta il e sta b lish m e n t, o r m ain tain in g in ven tory a cco u n ts in a m a n u fa ctu rin g o r w h o le sa le e sta b lish m e n t.) C o n fe rs with p e r sons c o n c e r n e d to d e te rm in e the data p r o c e s s in g p r o b le m s and a d v ise s s u b je c t-m a tte r p e r s o n n e l on the im p lica tio n s o f the data p r o c e s s in g system s to be app lied. OR W o rk s on a segm en t o f a c o m p le x data p r o c e s s in g sch e m e or s y s te m, as d e s c r ib e d fo r c la s s A. W o rk s in depen den tly on rou tin e a ssig n m en ts and r e c e iv e s in stru ctio n and gu id a n ce on c o m p le x a s sig n m e n ts. W o rk is rev ie w e d fo r a c c u r a c y o f ju d g m e n t, c o m p lia n c e w ith in s tr u c tio n s, and to in su re p r o p e r align m en t w ith the o v e r a ll s y s te m. C la ss C. W o rk s u nder im m e d ia te s u p e r v is io n, ca rry in g out a n a ly ses as a s s ig n e d, u su a lly o f a sin g le a c tiv ity. A s s ig n m e n ts a re d esig n ed to d e v e lo p and expand p r a c t ic a l e x p e r ie n c e in the a p p lica tio n o f p r o c e d u r e s and s k ills r e q u ir e d fo r s y s te m s a n a ly sis w o rk. F o r e x a m p le, m ay a s s is t a h igher le v e l s y s te m s an a ly st b y p r e p a r in g the d e ta ile d s p e c ific a tio n s re q u ire d by p r o g r a m m e r s fr o m in fo rm a tio n d e v e lo p e d by the h ig h er le v e l analy st. 21

24 C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R, BUSINESS C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R, BU SINESS C on tin ued C o n v e rts sta tem en ts o f b u s in e s s p r o b le m s, t y p ic a lly p r e p a r e d by a s y s te m s a n a ly st, into a se q u e n ce o f d e ta ile d in s tru c tio n s w h ich a r e r e q u ir e d to s o lv e the p r o b le m s by a u tom a tic data p r o c e s s in g e q u ip m en t. W ork in g fr o m ch a rts o r d ia g r a m s, the p r o g r a m m e r d e v e lo p s the p r e c is e in stru c tio n s w h ich, w hen en te re d into th e co m p u te r s y s te m in co d e d la n g u a g e, c a u se the m a n ip u la tion o f data to a c h ie v e d e s ir e d r e s u lts. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : A p p lie s k n ow led g e o f co m p u te r c a p a b ilit ie s, m a th e m a tic s, lo g ic e m p lo y e d by c o m p u te r s, and p a r tic u la r s u b je ct m a tte r in v o lv e d to a n a ly ze ch a rts and d ia g ra m s o f the p r o b le m to be p r o g r a m m e d ; d e v e lo p s s e q u e n ce o f p r o g r a m ste p s; w r ite s d e ta ile d flo w ch a rts to show o r d e r in w h ich data w ill be p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e r ts th e s e ch a rts to co d e d in s tru ctio n s fo r m a ch in e to fo llo w ; te s ts and c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s in stru ctio n s fo r o p e r a tin g p e r s o n n e l d u rin g p r o d u c tio n run; a n a ly z e s, r e v ie w s, and a lte r s p r o g r a m s to in c r e a s e o p e ra tin g e ffic ie n c y o r adapt to new r e q u ir e m e n ts ; m a in ta in s r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d e v e lo p m e n t and r e v is io n s. (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g both s y s te m s a n a ly sis and p r o g r a m m in g shou ld be c la s s ifie d as s y s te m s a n a ly sts if th is is the sk ill u sed to d e te rm in e th eir pay.) D oes not in clu d e e m p lo y e e s p r im a r ily r e s p o n s ib le fo r the m a n a g e m ent o r s u p e r v is io n o f oth e r e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s, o r p r o g r a m m e r s p r im a r ily c o n c e r n e d w ith s c ie n tific a n d /o r e n g in e e rin g p r o b le m s. F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s, p r o g r a m m e r s a r e c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s C la s s A. W o rk s in d ep en d en tly o r u n d er on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on co m p le x p r o b le m s w h ich r e q u ir e co m p e te n c e in a ll p h a ses o f p r o g r a m m in g co n ce p ts and p r a c t ic e s. W ork in g fr o m d ia g ra m s and c h a r ts w h ich id en tify the n ature o f d e s ir e d r e s u lts, m a jo r p r o c e s s in g step s to be a c c o m p lis h e d, and the r e la tio n s h ip s b etw een v a r io u s step s o f the p r o b le m s o lv in g rou tin e; plans the fu ll ra n g e o f p r o g r a m m in g a ctio n s n eed ed to e ffic ie n tly u tiliz e the com p u te r s y s te m in a ch ie v in g d e s ir e d end p r o d u c ts. At th is le v e l, p r o g r a m m in g is d iffic u lt b e c a u s e co m p u te r equipm ent m u st be o r g a n iz e d to p r o d u c e s e v e r a l in te r r e la te d but d iv e r s e p r o d u c ts fr o m n u m e ro u s and d iv e r s e data e le m e n ts. A w id e v a r ie ty and e x te n s iv e n u m ber o f in tern a l p r o c e s s in g a ctio n s m u st o c c u r. T h is r e q u ir e s su ch a ctio n s as d ev elop m en t o f com m o n o p e r a tio n s w h ich can be r e u s e d, e s ta b lish m e n t o f lin k age p oin ts b etw een o p e r a t io n s, a d ju stm en ts to data w hen p r o g r a m r e q u ir e m en ts e x ce e d co m p u te r s to r a g e c a p a c ity, and su b sta n tia l m a n ip u la tion and re s e q u e n cin g o f data e le m e n ts to fo r m a h igh ly in te g ra te d p r o g r a m. M ay p r o v id e fu n ctio n a l d ir e c tio n to lo w e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r s who a re a s s ig n e d to a s s is t. C la ss B. W o rk s in d ep en d en tly o r u n d er o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on r e la tiv e ly s im p le p r o g r a m s, o r on s im p le seg m e n ts o f c o m p le x p r o g r a m s. P r o g r a m s (o r se g m e n ts) u su a lly p r o c e s s in fo rm a tio n to p r o d u c e data in two o r th r e e v a r ie d s e q u e n ce s o r fo r m a t s. R e p o r ts and lis tin g s a r e p r o d u c e d by re fin in g, adaptin g, a r r a y in g, o r m akin g m in o r a d d ition s to o r d e le tio n s fr o m input data w hich a r e re a d ily a v a ila b le. W h ile n u m e ro u s r e c o r d s m a y be p r o c e s s e d, the data have been r e fin e d in p r io r a ctio n s so that the a c c u r a c y and seq u en cin g o f data can be te s te d by u sin g a fe w rou tin e c h e c k s. T y p ic a lly, the p r o g r a m d ea ls w ith rou tin e r e c o r d k e e p in g o p e r a tio n s. OR W ork s on co m p le x p r o g r a m s (a s d e s c r ib e d f o r c la s s A) u nder c lo s e d ir e c tio n o f a h igh er le v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r s u p e r v is o r. M a y a s s is t h ig h e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r by in depen den tly p e r fo r m in g le s s d iffic u lt ta s k s a s s ig n e d, and p e r fo r m in g m o r e d ifficu lt ta sk s u n d er fa i r ly c lo s e d ir e c tio n. M ay guide o r in stru ct lo w e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r s. C la ss C. M akes p r a c tic a l a p p lic a tio n s o f p r o g r a m m in g p r a c t ic e s and co n ce p ts u su a lly le a rn e d in fo r m a l tr a in in g c o u r s e s. A s s ig n m e n ts a re d e sig n e d to d ev elop co m p e te n ce in th e a p p lica tio n o f sta n d a rd p r o c e d u r e s to rou tin e p r o b le m s. R e c e iv e s c lo s e s u p e r v is io n on new a s p e c ts o f a s sig n m e n ts ; and w o rk is re v ie w e d to v e r ify its a c c u r a c y and c o n fo r m a n c e w ith re q u ire d p r o c e d u r e s. C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R M o n ito rs and o p e r a te s the c o n tr o l c o n s o le o f a d ig ita l co m p u te r to p r o c e s s data a cco rd in g to o p e ra tin g in s t r u c tio n s, u su a lly p r e p a r e d by a p r o g r a m m e r. W ork in clu d es m ost o f the fo llo w in g : S tudies in s tru c tio n s to d e te rm in e equipm ent setup and o p e r a tio n s ; lo a d s equip m en t w ith r e q u ir e d ite m s (tape r e e ls, c a r d s, e tc.); s w itc h e s n e c e s s a r y a u x ilia r y equip m en t into c ir c u it, and starts and o p e r a te s c o m p u te r ; m a k e s a d ju stm e n ts to co m p u te r to c o r r e c t op eratin g p r o b le m s and m e e t s p e c ia l c o n d itio n s ; r e v ie w s e r r o r s m ade d u rin g o p e ra tio n and d e te rm in e s ca u se o r r e f e r s p r o b le m to s u p e r v is o r o r p r o g r a m m e r ; and m ain tain s o p e ra tin g r e c o r d s. M ay te s t and a s s is t in c o r r e c tin g p r o g r a m. fo llo w s : F o r w age study p u r p o s e s, co m p u te r o p e r a to r s a r e c la s s ifie d as C lass A. O p era tes in d ep en d en tly, o r u n d er on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n, a co m p u te r running p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f the fo llo w in g c h a r a c t e r is t ic s : N ew p r o g r a m s a r e freq u e n tly te s te d and in tro d u ce d ; sch e d u lin g r e q u ire m e n ts a re o f c r it ic a l im p o rta n ce to m in im iz e d o w n tim e; the p r o g r a m s a r e o f c o m p le x d esig n so that id e n tifica tio n o f e r r o r s o u r c e often r e q u ir e s a w ork in g k n ow led g e o f the to ta l p r o g r a m, and a lte r n a te p r o g r a m s m a y not be a v a ila b le. M a y g iv e d ir e c tio n and gu id an ce to lo w e r le v e l o p e r a t o r s. C la ss B. O p e ra te s in d ep en d en tly, o r u n d er on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n, a co m p u te r running p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g c h a r a c t e r is t ic s : M ost o f the p r o g r a m s a re e s ta b lis h e d p r o d u c tio n ru n s, t y p ic a lly run on a r e g u la r ly r e c u r r in g b a s is ; th e re is little o r no te s tin g o f new p r o g r a m s r e q u ir e d ; a ltern a te p r o g r a m s a re p r o v id e d in c a s e o r ig in a l p r o g r a m n e e d s m a jo r change o r cannot be c o r r e c t e d w ith in a re a s o n a b ly s h o rt tim e. In 22

25 C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R C ontinued D R A F T E R -T R A C E R c o m m o n e r r o r s itu a tio n s, d ia g n o s e s ca u se and takes c o r r e c t iv e a ctio n. T h is u su a lly in v o lv e s a p p lyin g p r e v io u s ly p r o g r a m m e d c o r r e c t iv e s te p s, o r u sin g sta n d a rd c o r r e c t io n te c h n iq u e s. OR O p e ra te s u nder d ir e c t s u p e r v is io n a com p u ter running p r o g r a m s o r se g m e n ts o f p r o g r a m s w ith th e c h a r a c te r is t ic s d e s c r ib e d fo r c la s s A. M ay a s s is t a h ig h er le v e l o p e r a to r by in depen den tly p e r fo r m in g le s s d iffic u lt ta sk s a s s ig n e d, and p e r fo r m in g d iffic u lt ta sk s fo llo w in g d e ta ile d in stru ctio n s and w ith freq u en t r e v ie w o f o p e r a tio n s p e r fo r m e d. C la s s C. W o rk s on rou tin e p r o g r a m s under c lo s e s u p e r v is io n. Is e x p e cte d to d e v e lo p w o rk in g k n ow led g e o f the com p u ter equip m en t u se d and a b ility to d e te ct p r o b le m s in v o lv e d in running routine p r o g r a m s. U su a lly has r e c e iv e d s o m e fo r m a l tr a in in g in com p u ter o p e ra tio n. M ay a s s is t h ig h er le v e l o p e r a t o r on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s. D R A F T E R C la s s A. P la n s the g ra p h ic p r e se n ta tio n o f c o m p le x ite m s having d is tin c tiv e d e s ig n fe a tu r e s that d iffe r sig n ific a n tly fr o m e sta b lish e d d raftin g p r e c e d e n ts. W o r k s in c lo s e support w ith the design o r ig in a to r, and m ay r e c o m m e n d m in o r d e sig n ch a n g e s. A n a ly zes the effect o f ea ch change on the d e ta ils o f f o r m, fu n ctio n, and p o s itio n a l re la tio n sh ip s o f com p on en ts and p a r t s. W o rk s w ith a m in im u m o f s u p e r v is o r y a s s is ta n c e. C om p leted w o r k is r e v ie w e d by d e s ig n o r ig in a to r f o r c o n s is te n c y w ith p r io r e n g in e e rin g d e t e r m in a tio n s. M a y e ith e r p r e p a r e d raw in gs o r d ir e c t th eir p r e p a r a tio n by lo w e r le v e l d r a ft e r s. C la s s B. P e r fo r m s n on rou tin e and co m p le x d raftin g a ssig n m e n ts that r e q u ir e the a p p lic a tio n o f m o s t o f the sta n d a rd ized d raw in g te ch n iq u es r e g u la r ly u se d. D u ties ty p ic a lly in volve such w o rk a s: P r e p a r e s w ork in g d ra w in g s o f s u b a s s e m b lie s w ith ir r e g u la r sh a p e s, m u ltip le fu n ctio n s, and p r e c i s e p o s itio n a l r e la tio n s h ip s betw een com p on en ts; p r e p a r e s a r c h ite c tu r a l d ra w in g s fo r c o n s tru c tio n o f a buildin g in cluding d eta il d raw in g s o f fo u n d a tio n s, w a ll s e c tio n s, f lo o r p la n s, and r o o f. U ses a c c e p te d fo r m u la s and m a n u a ls in m a k in g n e c e s s a r y com p u ta tion s to d e te rm in e q u an tities o f m a t e r ia ls to b e u s e d, lo a d c a p a c it ie s, stre n g th s, s t r e s s e s, e tc. R e c e iv e s in itia l in s tr u c tio n s, r e q u ir e m e n ts, and a d v ice fr o m s u p e r v is o r. C om p leted w o r k is ch e ck e d fo r te c h n ic a l adequ acy. C la s s C. P r e p a r e s d e ta il d raw in gs o f sin g le u nits o r p a rts fo r e n g in e e r in g, c o n s t r u c tio n, m a n u fa ctu rin g, o r re p a ir p u r p o s e s. T y p e s o f d raw in g s p r e p a r e d in clu d e is o m e t r ic p r o je c t io n s (d ep ictin g th r e e d im e n sio n s in a c c u r a te s c a le ) and s e c tio n a l view s to c la r ify p o sitio n in g o f co m p o n e n ts and c o n v e y n e e d e d in fo r m a tio n. C o n so lid a te s d eta ils fr o m a n u m ber o f s o u r c e s and a d ju sts o r tr a n s p o s e s s c a le as re q u ire d. S u ggested m eth od s o f a p p r o a c h, a p p lic a b le p r e c e d e n t s, and a d v ic e on s o u rce m a te r ia ls a r e given w ith in itia l a s s ig n m e n ts. In stru ctio n s a r e le s s c o m p le te w hen a ssig n m e n ts r e c u r. W o rk m a y b e s p o t -c h e c k e d du rin g p r o g r e s s. C o p ie s p lan s and d ra w in g s p r e p a r e d by o th e rs by p la cin g tr a c in g cloth o r p a p e r o v e r d raw in g s and tr a c in g w ith pen o r p e n c il. (D oes not in clu d e tr a c in g lim ite d to p lan s p r im a r ily c o n sistin g o f straig h t lin es and a la r g e s c a le not r e q u irin g c lo s e d elin ea tion.) A N D /O R P r e p a r e s s im p le o r r e p e titiv e d raw in g s o f e a s ily v isu a liz e d ite m s. W o rk is c lo s e ly s u p e r v is e d du rin g p r o g r e s s. E L E C T R O N IC S TECHNICIA N W o rk s on v a r io u s ty p e s o f e le c t r o n ic equipm ent and rela ted d e v ic e s by p e r fo r m in g one o r a com b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : In sta llin g, m ain tain in g, re p a ir in g, o v e rh a u lin g, tr o u b le s h o o tin g, m o d ify in g, co n stru c tin g, and te stin g. W o rk r e q u ir e s p r a c t ic a l a p p lica tio n o f te c h n ic a l k n ow led ge o f e le c tr o n ic s p r in c ip le s, a b ility to d e te rm in e m a lfu n ctio n s, and s k ill to put equipm ent in re q u ir e d o p e ra tin g co n d itio n. T he equipm ent co n s is tin g o f eith er m any d iffe re n t kinds o f c ir c u its o r m u ltip le re p e titio n o f the sa m e kind o f c ir c u it in c lu d e s, but is not lim ite d t o, the fo llo w in g : (a) E le c tr o n ic tr a n sm ittin g and r e c e iv in g equipm ent (e.g., r a d a r, ra d io, t e le v is io n, te le p h o n e, s o n a r, n avig a tion a l a id s ), (b) d ig ita l and analog c o m p u te r s, and (c) in d u stria l and m e d ic a l m e a s u rin g and co n tro llin g equipm ent. T h is c la s s ific a t io n e x clu d e s r e p a ir e r s o f such standard e le c tro n ic equipm ent as co m m o n o ffic e m a ch in e s and h ou seh old ra d io and te le v is io n s e ts ; p ro d u c tio n a s s e m b le r s and t e s t e r s ; w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a r y duty is s e r v ic in g e le c t r o n ic te s t in stru m e n ts; te c h n icia n s who have a d m in istra tiv e o r s u p e r v is o r y r e s p o n s ib ility ; and d r a ft e r s, d e s ig n e r s, and p r o fe s s io n a l e n g in e e r s. P o s itio n s a re c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a s is o f the follow in g d e fin itio n s. C la ss A. A p p lie s a d van ce te c h n ic a l k n ow led ge to solv e unusually c o m p le x p r o b le m s ( i.e., th o s e that ty p ic a lly cannot be s o lv e d s o le ly by r e f e r en ce to m a n u fa c tu r e r s ' m an u als o r s im ila r docu m en ts) in w ork in g on e l e c tr o n ic equip m en t. E x a m p le s o f su ch p r o b le m s in clu d e lo c a tio n and d en sity of c ir c u it r y, e le c tro m a g n e tic ra d ia tio n, is o la tin g m a lfu n ctio n s, and freq u en t en g in e e rin g ch a n g e s. W o rk in v o lv e s ; A d e ta ile d u n derstandin g o f the in t e r r e la tio n s h ip s o f c ir c u it s ; e x e r c is in g independent judgm ent in p e r fo r m in g such ta sk s as m akin g c ir c u it a n a ly s e s, ca lcu la tin g w ave fo r m s, tr a c in g r e la t io n sh ip s in sig n a l flo w ; and r e g u la r ly u sin g c o m p le x te s t in stru m en ts ( e.g., dual tr a c e o s c illo s c o p e s, Q - m e t e r s, d ev ia tion m e t e r s, p u lse g e n e ra to r s ). W o rk m a y be r e v ie w e d by s u p e r v is o r (fre q u e n tly an en g in eer o r d e s ig n e r) fo r g e n e r a l c o m p lia n c e w ith a c c e p te d p r a c t ic e s. M ay p r o v id e te c h n ic a l g u id a n ce to lo w e r le v e l te c h n ic ia n s. C la ss B. A p p lie s c o m p r e h e n s iv e te c h n ic a l k n ow led g e to so lv e c o m p le x p r o b le m s ( i. e., th o s e that ty p ic a lly can be s o lv e d s o le ly by p r o p e r ly in te rp re tin g m a n u fa c tu r e r s ' m an u als o r s im ila r d ocu m en ts) in w ork in g on

26 E L E C T R O N IC S TECHNIC IA N C ontinued e le c t r o n ic eq u ip m en t. W o rk in v o lv e s : A fa m ilia r it y w ith the in te r r e la t io n sh ip s o f c ir c u it s ; and ju d g m en t in d e te rm in in g w o r k s e q u e n ce and in s e le c tin g to o ls and te stin g in stru m e n ts, u su a lly le s s c o m p le x than th o s e u se d by the c la s s A te c h n icia n. R e c e iv e s te c h n ic a l g u id a n ce, as r e q u ir e d, fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r h ig h e r le v e l te c h n ic ia n, and w o rk is re v ie w e d fo r s p e c ific c o m p lia n c e w ith a c c e p te d p r a c t ic e s and w o rk a s sig n m e n ts. M ay p r o v id e te c h n ic a l gu id a n ce to lo w e r le v e l te c h n ic ia n s. C la ss C. A p p lie s w ork in g te c h n ic a l k n ow led g e to p e r fo r m sim p le o r rou tin e ta sk s in w o rk in g on e le c t r o n ic eq u ip m en t, fo llo w in g d e ta ile d in s t r u c tio n s w h ich c o v e r v ir tu a lly a ll p r o c e d u r e s. W o rk t y p ic a lly in v o lv e s su ch ta sk s a s : A s s is tin g h ig h er le v e l te c h n ic ia n s by p e r fo r m in g su ch a c tiv itie s as r e p la c in g co m p o n e n ts, w irin g c ir c u it s, and takin g te s t re a d in g s ; r e p a ir in g s im p le e le c t r o n ic eq u ip m en t; and u sin g to o ls and co m m o n te s t in stru m en ts (e.g., m u ltim e te r s, audio sig n a l g e n e r a to r s, tube t e s t e r s, o s c illo s c o p e s ). Is not r e q u ir e d to be fa m ilia r w ith the in te r r e la tio n s h ip s o f c ir c u it s. T h is k n ow led g e, h o w e v e r, m a y be a c q u ir e d th rou gh a ssig n m e n ts d e s ig n e d to in c r e a s e c o m p e te n c e (in clu d in g c la s s r o o m train in g ) so that w o r k e r can a dvan ce to h ig h er le v e l te c h n icia n. R e c e iv e s te c h n ic a l g u id a n ce, as r e q u ir e d, fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r h ig h er le v e l te c h n icia n. W o rk is ty p ic a lly spot c h e c k e d, but is g iv en d e ta ile d r e v ie w when new o r advan ced a ssign m en ts a re in volved. R E G IS T E R E D IN D U ST R IA L NURSES A r e g is t e r e d n u rse who g iv e s n u rsin g s e r v ic e u n d er g e n e r a l m e d ic a l d ir e c tio n to ill o r in ju re d e m p lo y e e s o r o th e r p e r s o n s w ho b e c o m e ill o r su ffe r an a ccid e n t on the p r e m is e s o f a fa c t o r y o r oth er e sta b lish m e n t. D uties in v olv e a co m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : G ivin g fir s t aid to thq ill o r in ju red ; attending to subsequen t d r e s s in g o f e m p lo y e e s ' in ju r ie s ; k eep in g r e c o r d s o f p a tien ts tr e a te d ; p r e p a r in g a ccid e n t r e p o r ts fo r co m p e n sa tio n o r oth er p u r p o s e s ; a s s is tin g in p h y s ic a l exam in a tion s and h ealth evalu a tion s o f a p p lica n ts and e m p lo y e e s ; and planning and c a r r y in g out p r o g r a m s in v olv in g health edu ca tion, a ccid e n t p r e v e n tio n, evalu a tion o f plant e n v iro n m e n t, o r oth er a c tiv itie s a ffe ctin g the h ealth, w e lfa r e, and sa fe ty o f a ll p e r s o n n e l. N u rsin g s u p e r v is o r s o r head n u r s e s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g m o r e than one n u r s e a r e e x clu d e d. Maintenance, Toolroom, and Powerplant M A IN T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R P e r fo r m s the c a r p e n try du ties n e c e s s a r y to c o n s tru c t and m ain tain in g ood r e p a ir b u ild in g w o o d w o rk and equip m en t su ch as b in s, c r ib s, c o u n te r s, b e n c h e s, p a r titio n s, d o o r s, f l o o r s, s t a ir s, c a s in g s, and t r im m a d e o f w o o d in an e sta b lish m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P lanning and la yin g out o f w o rk fr o m b lu e p r in ts, d r a w in g s, m o d e ls, o r v e r b a l in stru c tio n s ; u sin g a v a r ie ty o f c a r p e n t e r 's h a n d to o ls, p o r ta b le p o w e r t o o l s, and stan dard m e a su rin g in stru m e n ts; m akin g stan d ard shop co m p u ta tio n s re la tin g to d im en sion s o f w o rk ; and s e le c tin g m a te r ia ls n e c e s s a r y fo r the w o rk. In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m a in ten a n ce c a r p e n te r r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tr a in in g and e x p e r i en ce u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r eq u iv a len t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e. M A IN T E N A N C E E L E C T R IC IA N P e r fo r m s a v a rie ty o f e le c t r ic a l tr a d e fu n ctio n s su ch as the in s t a l la tio n, m a in ten a n ce, o r re p a ir o f equip m en t f o r the g e n e ra tio n, d is trib u tio n, o r u tiliz a tio n o f e le c t r ic en erg y in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o st o f the fo llo w in g : In stallin g o r r e p a ir in g any o f a v a r ie ty o f e le c t r ic a l equip - m ent su ch as g e n e r a to r s, t r a n s fo r m e r s, s w itc h b o a r d s, c o n t r o lle r s, c ir c u it b r e a k e r s, m o to r s, heating u n its, con d u it s y s te m s, o r oth e r tr a n s m is s io n equip m en t; w ork in g fr o m b lu e p r in ts, d r a w in g s, la y o u ts, o r oth e r s p e c i f i c a tio n s ; loca tin g and diagnosin g tr o u b le in the e le c t r ic a l s y s te m o r e q u ip m en t; w ork in g stan dard com p u ta tion s re la tin g to lo a d re q u ir e m e n ts o f w irin g o r e le c t r ic a l equipm ent; and u sin g a v a r ie ty o f e le c t r ic ia n 's h an d tools and m e a s u rin g and testin g in stru m e n ts. In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f the m a in ten a n ce e le c t r ic ia n req u ire s rou nded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tice sh ip o r eq u iv a len t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e. M A IN T E N A N C E P A IN T E R P ain ts and r e d e c o r a te s w a lls, w o o d w o r k, and fix tu r e s o f an e s ta b lish m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : K n ow led g e o f s u r fa c e p e c u lia r it ie s and ty p e s o f paint re q u ire d fo r d iffe r e n t a p p lic a tio n s ; p r e p a r in g s u r fa c e fo r painting by rem ovin g o ld fin ish o r b y p la cin g putty o r fille r in n a il h o le s and in t e r s t ic e s ; and applying paint w ith s p r a y gun o r b ru sh. M a y m ix c o l o r s, o i l s, w h ite le a d, and oth er paint in g re d ie n ts to ob ta in p r o p e r c o lo r o r c o n s is te n c y. In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m a in te n a n ce p a in te r r e q u ir e s rou n d ed trainin g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r equivalent train in g and e x p e r ie n c e. M A IN T E N A N C E M ACHINIST P r o d u c e s rep la cem e n t p a r ts and new p a rts in m akin g r e p a ir s o f m e ta l p a rts o f m e c h a n ica l equipm ent o p e r a te d in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m ost o f the fo llo w in g : In te rp re tin g w ritte n in stru c tio n s and s p e c i-- fic a tio n s ; planning and layin g out o f w o rk ; u sin g a v a r ie ty o f m a c h in is t's h an d tools and p r e c is io n m e a s u rin g in stru m e n ts ; settin g up and o p e r a tin g stan dard m ach in e t o o ls ; shaping o f m e ta l p a r ts to c lo s e to le r a n c e s ; m aking stan dard shop com p u ta tion s rela tin g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k, to o lin g, fe e d s, and sp e e d s of m a ch in in g; k n ow led ge o f th e w o rk in g p r o p e r t ie s o f the co m m o n m e ta ls ; s e le c tin g stan dard m a t e r ia ls, p a r t s, and equip m en t r e q u ir e d fo r th is w o rk ; and fitting and a s se m b lin g p a r ts into m e c h a n ic a l eq u ip m en t. In g e n e r a l, the m a c h in is t's w o rk n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a rou n d ed tr a in in g in m a c h in e -s h o p p r a c tic e u su a lly a cq u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r equiv alen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e. M A IN T E N A N C E M ECH AN IC (M a ch in e ry ) R e p a ir s m a ch in e ry o r m e c h a n ic a l equip m en t o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o st o f the fo llo w in g : E x a m in in g m a ch in e s and m e c h a n ic a l equipm ent to d ia g n ose s o u r c e o f tr o u b le ; d ism a n tlin g o r p a r tly d ism a n tlin g m a ch in e s and p e r fo r m in g re p a ir s that m a in ly in v o lv e the u se o f h a n d tools in s cra p in g and fitting p a r ts ; r e p la c in g b ro k e n o r d e fe c tiv e p a r ts w ith ite m s ob ta in ed fr o m sto ck ; o r d e r in g the p r o d u c tio n o f a re p la c e m e n t p a rt by a m a ch in e shop o r sending the m a ch in e to a m a ch in e shop fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s ; p r e p a rin g w ritten s p e c ific a tio n s f o r m a jo r r e p a ir s o r fo r the p r o d u c tio n o f p a rts o r d e r e d fr o m m a ch in e sh o p s; r e a s s e m b lin g m a c h in e s ; and m akin g a ll n e c e s s a r y adjustm ents fo r o p e r a tio n. In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f a m a c h in e r y m a in ten a n ce m e ch a n ic r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly

27 M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M a ch in e ry ) Continued a c q u ir e d th rou g h a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equivalent tra in in g and e x p e r i e n c e. E x clu d e d fr o m th is c la s s ific a t io n a r e w o r k e r s w h o se p r im a r y du ties in v o lv e setting up o r a d ju stin g m a ch in e s. M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M o to r V e h ic le s ) R e p a ir s a u t o m o b ile s, b u s e s, m o to r tru c k s, and t r a c t o r s o f am e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : E xam inin g a u to m o tiv e e q u ip m en t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f tr o u b le ; d is a s s e m b lin g equipm ent and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s that in v o lv e th e u se o f su ch h an dtools as w r e n c h e s, g a u g e s, d r ills, o r s p e c ia liz e d equip m en t in d is a s s e m b lin g o r fitting p a rts ; re p la c in g b ro k e n o r d e fe c t iv e p a r ts fr o m s to c k ; g rin d in g and adju stin g v a lv e s ; r e a s s e m b lin g and in sta llin g the v a r io u s a s s e m b lie s in the v e h ic le and m akin g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n ts ; and a lig n in g w h e e ls, adjusting b ra k es and lig h ts, o r tightenin g b o d y b o lts. In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f the m o to r v e h ic le m a in ten a n ce m e ch a n ic r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a cq u ired th rou g h a fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a len t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e. T h is c la s s ific a t io n d o e s not in clu d e m e c h a n ics w ho r e p a ir c u s t o m e r s ' v e h ic le s in a u to m o b ile r e p a ir sh op s. M A IN T E N A N C E P IP E F IT T E R In sta lls o r r e p a ir s w a te r, s te a m, g a s, o r oth er ty p e s o f p ip e and p ip e fittin g s in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o st o f the fo llo w in g : L aying out w o r k and m e a s u r in g to lo c a t e p o s itio n o f p ip e fr o m d raw in g s o r oth er w ritte n s p e c ific a t io n s ; cu ttin g v a rio u s s iz e s o f p ip e to c o r r e c t len gth s w ith c h is e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e ty le n e to r c h o r p ip e -c u ttin g m a c h in e s; th readin g p ip e w ith s to c k s and d ie s ; bending p ip e by h an d -d riv e n o r p o w e r -d r iv e n m a c h in e s ; a s s e m b lin g p ip e w ith co u p lin g s and fasten in g p ip e to h a n g e rs; m akin g sta n d a rd sh op co m p u ta tio n s rela tin g to p r e s s u r e s, flo w, and s iz e o f p ip e r e q u ir e d ; and m akin g sta n d a rd te s ts to d e te rm in e w hether fin is h e d p ip e s m e e t s p e c ific a t io n s. In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m a in ten a n ce p ip e fitte r r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a cq u ired th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r eq u iv a len t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e. W o r k e r s p r im a r ily en gaged in in sta llin g and r e p a ir in g buildin g sanitation o r heating syste m s a r e e x clu d e d. M A IN T E N A N C E S H E E T -M E T A L W O R K E R F a b r ic a t e s, in s t a lls, and m ain tain s in g ood re p a ir the s h e e t-m e ta l equip m en t and fix tu r e s (s u c h as m a ch in e g u a rd s, g r e a s e p a n s, s h e lv e s, l o c k e r s, ta n k s, v e n tila t o r s, c h u te s, d u cts, m eta l roofin g ) o f an e sta b lish m e n t. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out a ll ty p e s o f s h e e t -m e ta l m a in te n a n ce w o r k fr o m b lu e p rin ts, m o d e ls, o r o th e r s p e c i f i c a tio n s ; se ttin g up and o p e r a tin g a ll a v a ila b le ty p es o f s h e e t-m e ta l w o rk in g m a c h in e s ; u sin g a v a r ie ty o f h an d tools in cu ttin g, bending, fo r m in g, shaping, fittin g, and a s s e m b lin g ; and in sta llin g s h e e t-m e ta l a r tic le s as r e q u ir e d. In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m a in ten a n ce s h e e t-m e ta l w o rk e r r e q u ir e s rou nded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a len t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e. M IL L W R IG H T In sta lls new m a c h in e s o r h eav y eq u ip m en t, and d is m a n tle s and in s ta lls m a ch in e s o r h eavy equip m en t w hen ch anges in the plant layou t a re r e q u ir e d. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P lanning and la y in g out M IL L W R IG H T C ontinued w o rk ; in te rp re tin g b lu e p rin ts o r oth e r s p e c ific a t io n s ; u sin g a v a rie ty o f handto o ls and rig g in g ; m aking stan dard shop com p u ta tion s rela tin g to s t r e s s e s, stren gth o f m a t e r ia ls, and c e n te r s o f g ra v ity ; a lign ing and balancin g e q u ip m en t; s e le c tin g stan dard t o o l s, eq u ip m en t, and p a rts to be u sed ; and in stallin g and m ain tain in g in g ood o r d e r p o w e r tr a n s m is s io n equipm ent such as d r iv e s and s p e e d r e d u c e r s. In g e n e r a l, the m illw r ig h t's w o r k n o r m a lly r e q u ire s a rou nded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e in the tr a d e a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r eq u iv a len t train in g and e x p e r ie n c e. M A IN T E N A N C E T R A D E S H E L P E R A s s is t s on e o r m o r e w o r k e r s in the s k ille d m a in ten a n ce tr a d e s, by p e r fo r m in g s p e c ific o r g e n e r a l du ties o f le s s e r s k ill, such as keeping a w o r k e r su p p lied w ith m a te r ia ls and t o o ls ; cle a n in g w ork in g a r e a, m a ch in e, and equip m en t; a s s is tin g jo u rn e y m a n by h oldin g m a te r ia ls o r to o ls ; and p e r fo r m in g oth er u n sk ille d ta sk s as d ir e c te d by jou rn e y m a n. The kind o f w ork the h e lp e r is p e r m itte d to p e r fo r m v a r ie s fr o m tr a d e to tr a d e : In som e tr a d e s the h e lp e r is co n fin e d to su p p ly in g, liftin g, and h oldin g m a te ria ls and t o o l s, and cle a n in g w o rk in g a r e a s ; and in o th e rs he is p e r m itte d to p e r fo r m s p e c ia liz e d m a ch in e o p e r a tio n s, o r p a rts o f a tr a d e that a re a lso p e r fo r m e d by w o r k e r s on a fu ll-t im e b a s is. M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A T O R (T O O L R O O M ) S p e c ia liz e s in o p e r a tin g, on e o r m o r e than on e ty p e o f m ach in e to o l ( e.g., jig b o r e r, g rin d in g m a ch in e, engine la th e, m illin g m achine) to m a ch in e m e ta l fo r u se in m akin g o r m ain tain in g ji g s, fix tu r e s, cutting to o ls, g a u g e s, o r m e ta l d ie s o r m o ld s u se d in shaping o r fo rm in g m eta l o r n o n m e ta llic m a te r ia l ( e.g., p la s t ic, p la s t e r, r u b b e r, g la s s ). W ork ty p ica lly in v o lv e s : P lan nin g and p e r fo r m in g d iffic u lt m a ch in in g o p e r a tio n s w hich.re q u ire c o m p lic a te d setu p s o r a high d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; setting up m ach in e to o l o r to o ls (e.g., in sta ll cu tting to o ls and adju st g u id e s, s to p s, w orkin g ta b le s, and oth er c o n tr o ls to handle the s iz e o f s to c k to be m ach in ed; d e te rm in e p r o p e r fe e d s, s p e e d s, to o lin g, and o p e r a tio n seq u en ce o r s e le ct th o s e p r e s c r ib e d in d r a w in g s, b lu e p r in ts, o r la y o u ts ); u sin g a v a rie ty o f p r e c is io n m e a su rin g in stru m e n ts; m akin g n e c e s s a r y adju stm en ts during m a ch in in g o p e r a tio n to a c h ie v e re q u isite d im e n s io n s to v e r y c lo s e to le r a n c e s. M ay be r e q u ir e d to s e le c t p r o p e r co o la n ts and cutting and lu b rica tin g o ils, to r e c o g n iz e w hen to o ls n eed d r e s s in g, and to d r e s s t o o ls. In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f a m a c h in e -t o o l o p e r a to r (to o lr o o m ) at the s k ill le v e l ca lle d fo r in th is c la s s ific a tio n r e q u ir e s e x te n siv e k n ow led g e o f m a c h in e -s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c tic e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh c o n s id e r a b le o n -t h e -jo b train in g and e x p e r ie n c e. F o r c r o s s -in d u s t r y w a ge study p u r p o s e s, th is c la s s ific a tio n d oes not in clu d e m a c h in e -to o l o p e r a t o r s (to o lr o o m ) e m p lo y e d in to o l and die jobbin g sh op s. T O O L AN D DIE M A K E R C o n stru cts and r e p a ir s ji g s, fix tu r e s, cutting t o o l s, g a u g es, o r m e ta l d ie s o r m o ld s u se d in shaping o r fo r m in g m e ta l o r n o n m eta llic m a te r ia l ( e.g., p la s t ic, p la s t e r, r u b b e r, g la s s ). W o rk ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s : P lanning and layin g out w o rk a c c o r d in g to m o d e ls, b lu e p r in ts, d raw in g s, o r oth e r w ritten o r o r a l s p e c ific a t io n s ; u n d ersta n d in g the w ork in g p r o p e r tie s o f co m m o n m e ta ls and a llo y s ; s e le c tin g a p p ro p ria te m a t e r ia ls, t o o ls, and 25

28 T O O L A N D DIE M A K E R C ontinued p r o c e s s e s r e q u ir e d to co m p le te ta s k s ; m akin g n e c e s s a r y shop com p u ta tio n s; setting up and o p e ra tin g v a rio u s m a ch in e to o ls and re la te d equip m en t; u sin g v a rio u s to o l and die m a k e r 's h an d tools and p r e c is io n m e a s u rin g in stru m e n ts; w ork in g to v e r y c lo s e to le r a n c e s ; h e a t-tre a tin g m e ta l p a rts and fin is h e d to o ls and d ie s to a c h ie v e r e q u ir e d q u a litie s ; fittin g and a s s e m b lin g p a rts to p r e s c r ib e d t o le r a n c e s and a llo w a n c e s. In g e n e r a l, the to o l and d ie m a k e r 's w o rk r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tr a in in g in m a c h in e -s h o p and to o lr o o m p r a c t ic e u su a lly a cq u ir e d th rou g h fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equiv alen t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e. F o r c r o s s -in d u s t r y w a g e study p u r p o s e s, th is c la s s ific a tio n d o e s not in clu d e to o l and d ie m a k e r s who (1) a re e m p lo y e d in to o l and d ie job b in g shop s o r (2) p r o d u c e fo r g in g d ie s (d ie s in k e r s ). STATIO N ARY ENGINEER O p e ra te s and m a in ta in s and m a y a ls o s u p e r v is e the o p e r a tio n o f sta tion a ry en g in es and equip m en t (m e c h a n ic a l o r e le c t r ic a l) to su p p ly the esta b lish m en t in w h ich e m p lo y e d w ith p o w e r, h eat, r e fr ig e r a t io n, o r a i r - con d ition in g. W o rk in v o lv e s ; O p e ra tin g and m ain tain in g equip m en t su ch as stea m e n g in e s, a ir c o m p r e s s o r s, g e n e r a to r s, m o t o r s, tu r b in e s, ven tila tin g and r e fr ig e r a t in g eq u ip m en t, ste a m b o ile r s and b o i l e r - f e d w a ter p u m p s; m akin g equip m en t r e p a ir s ; and k eep in g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a tio n o f m a c h in e r y, te m p e r a tu r e, and fu e l co n su m p tio n. M ay a ls o s u p e r v is e th e s e o p e r a tio n s. H ead o r c h ie f e n g in e e rs in e sta b lis h m e n ts em p loyin g m o r e than on e e n g in eer a r e e x c lu d e d ^ B O IL E R T E N D E R F ir e s s ta tio n a ry b o ile r s to fu rn ish the e sta b lish m en t in w hich e m p lo y e d w ith h eat, p o w e r, o r ste a m. F e e d s fu e ls to fir e by hand o r o p e r a te s a m e c h a n ic a l s to k e r, g a s, o r o il b u r n e r; and c h e ck s w a ter and sa fety v a lv e s. M ay c le a n, o il, o r a s s is t in r e p a ir in g b o ile r r o o m equip m en t. Material Movement and Custodial TRU CK DRIVER D r iv e s a tr u c k w ith in a c ity o r in d u stria l a r e a to tr a n s p o r t m a t e r ia ls, m e r c h a n d is e, eq u ip m en t, o r w o r k e r s betw een v a r io u s ty p e s o f e s ta b lish m en ts su ch a s ; M a n u fa ctu rin g p la n ts, fre ig h t d e p o ts, w a r e h o u s e s, w h o le sa le a n d r e ta il e s ta b lis h m e n ts, o r b etw een r e ta il esta b lish m e n ts and c u s t o m e r s ' h o u se s o r p la c e s o f b u s in e s s. M ay a ls o lo a d o r u n load tr u c k w ith o r w ithout h e lp e r s, m ake m in o r m e c h a n ica l r e p a ir s, and k eep tr u c k in g ood w ork in g o r d e r. S a le s ro u te and o v e r - t h e - r o a d d r iv e r s a r e e x c lu d e d. F o r w a ge study p u r p o s e s, tr u c k d r iv e r s a r e c la s s ifie d by s iz e and type o f eq u ip m en t, as fo llo w s ; ( T r a c t o r -t r a ile r sh ou ld be ra te d on the b a s is o f t r a ile r ca p a city.) T r u c k d r iv e r, ligh t tr u c k (under lv 2 ton s) T r u c k d r iv e r, m e d iu m tr u c k (I V 2 to and in clu d in g 4 ton s) T r u c k d r iv e r, h eavy tr u c k (tr a ile r ) (o v e r 4 tons) T r u c k d r iv e r, h eavy tr u c k (o th e r than tr a ile r ) (o v e r 4 ton s) SHIPPING AND RECEIVIN G C LE R K P r e p a r e s m e r ch a n d ise f o r sh ip m en t, o r r e c e iv e s and is r e s p o n s ib le fo r in co m in g ship m en ts 01 m e r c h a n d is e o r o th e r m a t e r ia ls. Shipping w o rk in v o lv e s : A k n ow led ge o f shipping p r o c e d u r e s, p r a c t ic e s, r o u te s, a v a ila b le m ea n s o f tr a n sp o rta tio n, and r a te s ; and p r e p a r in g r e c o r d s o f the g o o d s sh ip p ed, m aking up b ills o f la d in g, p o s tin g w eigh t and shipping c h a r g e s, and k eepin g a file o f shipping r e c o r d s. M ay d ir e c t o r a s s is t in p r e p a r in g the m e r c h a n d is e fo r ship m en t. R e c e iv in g w o r k in v o lv e s ; V e r ify in g o r d ir e c tin g o th e r s in v e rify in g the c o r r e c t n e s s o f sh ip m en ts a gain st b ills o f la d in g, in v o ic e s, o r oth er r e c o r d s ; ch e ck in g fo r s h o r ta g e s and r e je c tin g d a m a g ed g o o d s ; routing m e r ch a n d ise o r m a te r ia ls to p r o p e r d e p a rtm e n ts; and m a in tain in g n e c e s s a r y r e c o r d s and file s. F o r w age study p u r p o s e s, w o r k e r s a re c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s ; Shipping cle r k R e ce iv in g c le r k Shipping and r e c e iv in g c le r k W AREHOUSEM AN A s d ir e c te d, p e r fo r m s a v a r ie ty o f w a re h o u sin g d u ties w h ich r e q u ir e an u nderstanding o f the e s ta b lis h m e n t's s to r a g e p la n. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g ; V e rify in g m a te r ia ls (o r m e r c h a n d is e ) a gain st r e c e iv in g d o c u m e n ts, noting and rep o rtin g d is c r e p a n c ie s and o b v io u s d a m a g e s ; rou tin g m a te r ia ls to p r e s c r ib e d sto ra g e lo c a t io n s ; s to r in g, s ta ck in g, o r p a lle tiz in g m a te r ia ls in a c c o r d a n c e w ith p r e s c r ib e d s to r a g e m e th o d s ; re a r r a n g in g and takin g in v en tory o f s to re d m a t e r ia ls ; exam in in g s to r e d m a te r ia ls and re p o rtin g d e te rio ra tio n and d a m a g e; re m o v in g m a te r ia l fr o m s to r a g e and p r e p a r in g it fo r ship m en t. M ay o p e r a te hand o r p o w e r tr u c k s in p e r fo r m in g w a re h o u sin g d u ties. E xclu d e w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a r y duties in v o lv e sh ip pin g and r e c e iv in g w o rk (s e e Shipping and R e c e iv in g C le r k and Shipping P a c k e r ), o r d e r fillin g (s e e O rd e r F ille r ), o r o p e r a tin g pow er tr u c k s ( s e e P o w e r -T r u c k O p e r a t o r ). O R D E R F IL L E R F ills shipping o r tr a n s fe r o r d e r s fo r fin ish e d g o o d s fr o m s to r e d m e r c h a n d is e in a c c o r d a n c e w ith s p e c ific a t io n s on s a le s s lip s, c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s, o r oth er in stru ctio n s. M a y, in a d d ition to fillin g o r d e r s and in d i ca tin g ite m s fille d o r o m itte d, k eep r e c o r d s o f ou tgoin g o r d e r s, r e q u is itio n a d d ition a l sto ck o r re p o rt sh ort su p p lie s to s u p e r v is o r, and p e r fo r m oth e r re la te d du ties. SH IPPING PACKER P r e p a r e s fin ish e d p r o d u c ts fo r sh ip m en t o r s to r a g e by p la c in g th em in ship pin g co n ta in e r s, the s p e c ific o p e r a tio n s p e r fo r m e d b ein g d ep endent upon the ty p e, s iz e, and n u m ber o f u nits to be p a c k e d, the ty p e o f co n ta in e r e m p lo y e d, and m eth od o f sh ip m en t. W o rk r e q u ir e s th e p la cin g o f ite m s in ship pin g co n ta in e rs and m ay in v o lv e one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g ; K n ow led g e o f v a r io u s item s o f stock in o r d e r to v e r ify con ten t; s e le c t io n o f a p p r o p r ia te ty p e and s iz e o f co n ta in e r; in se rtin g e n c lo s u r e s in co n ta in e r ; u sin g e x c e ls io r o r o th e r m a te r ia l to p reven t b re a k a g e o r d a m a g e; c lo s in g and s e a lin g c o n ta in e r ; and applying la b e ls o r en terin g id e n tify in g data on c o n ta in e r. P a c k e r s w ho a ls o m ake w ood en b o x e s o r c r a t e s a r e e x clu d e d. 26

29 M A T E R IA L H A N D LIN G L A B O R E R A w o r k e r e m p lo y e d in a w a r e h o u s e, m a n u fa ctu rin g p la n t, s t o r e, or o th e r e sta b lish m e n t w h o s e d u ties in v o lv e one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : L oa d in g and u n loa d in g v a r io u s m a te r ia ls and m e r ch a n d is e on o r fr o m fre ig h t c a r s, tr u c k s, o r o th e r tr a n s p o r tin g d e v ic e s ; u npack ing, sh e lv in g, o r p la cin g m a t e r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e in p r o p e r s to r a g e lo c a tio n ; and tr a n s p o r tin g m a t e r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e by h an d tru ck, c a r, o r w h e e lb a r r o w. L o n g s h o r e w o r k e r s, w ho lo a d and u n load s h ip s, a re e x clu d e d. P O W E R -T R U C K O P E R A T O R O p e ra te s a m a n u a lly c o n tr o lle d g a s o lin e - o r e le c t r ic -p o w e r e d tr u c k o r t r a c t o r to tr a n s p o r t g o o d s and m a te r ia ls o f a ll kinds about a w a r e h o u s e, m a n u fa ctu rin g p la n t, o r o th e r e s ta b lish m e n t. F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s, w o r k e r s a re c la s s ifie d b y ty p e o f p o w e r - tr u c k, as fo llo w s : F o r k lift o p e r a t o r P o w e r -t r u c k o p e r a t o r (o th e r than fo rk lift) G U A R D A N D W A T C H M A N G u ard. P e r fo r m s rou tin e p o lic e d u tie s, e ith e r at fix e d p ost o r on to u r, m ain tain in g o r d e r, u sin g a r m s o r f o r c e w h e re n e c e s s a r y. In cludes g u a rd s w ho a r e sta tion ed at gate and c h e c k on id en tity o f e m p lo y e e s and o th e r p e r s o n s e n te r in g. W a tch m a n. M a k es rou n d s o f p r e m is e s p e r io d ic a lly in p r o te ctin g p r o p e r ty a gain st f i r e, th e ft, and ille g a l en try. JA N IT O R, P O R T E R, OR C L E A N E R C lea n s and k eeps in an o r d e r ly co n d itio n fa c to r y w ork in g a re a s and w a s h r o o m s, o r p r e m is e s o f an o f fic e, a p a rtm en t h o u s e, o r c o m m e r ic a l o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. D u ties in v o lv e a com b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : S w eepin g, m op p in g o r s c r u b b in g, and p o lish in g f lo o r s ; re m o v in g ch ip s, tr a s h, and o th e r r e fu s e ; d u stin g eq u ip m en t, fu r n itu r e, o r fix tu r e s ; p olish in g m eta l fix tu r e s o r tr im m in g s ; p r o v id in g su p p lies and m in o r m a in ten a n ce s e r v ic e s ; and cle a n in g la v a to r ie s, s h o w e r s, and r e s t r o o m s. W o r k e r s who s p e c ia liz e in w in dow w ashin g a r e e x clu d e d. 27

30 Service Contract Act Surveys T h e fo llo w in g a r e a s a re s u r v e y e d p e r io d ic a lly fo r u se in a d m in is te r in g the S e r v ic e C on tra ct A ct o f S u rvey resu lts are pu b lish e d in r e le a s e s w h ich are a v a ila b le, at no c o s t, w h ile su p p lies la st fr o m any o f the B L S re g io n a l o ffic e s show n on the b a ck c o v e r. A la sk a (sta te w id e ) A lbany, Ga. A le x a n d ria L e e s v ille, La. A lpena S tandish T a w a s C ity, M ich. Ann A r b o r, M ich. A tla n tic C ity, N.J. A u gu sta, G a. S.C. A u stin, T e x. B a k e r s fie ld, C a lif. B aton R o u g e, L a. B attle C r e e k, M ich. B ea u m on t P o r t A rth u r O r a n g e, T e x. B eaum ont P o r t Arthux O ra n g e and L ake C h a r le s, T e x. L a. B ilo x i G u lfp ort and P a s c a g o u la M o ss P o in t, M is s. B in gh a m ton, N.Y. B irm in g h a m, A la. B lo o m in g to n V in c e n n e s, Ind. B r e m e r to n S h elton, W ash. B r u n s w ick, Ga. C ed a r R a p id s, Iow a C ham paign U rbana R antou l, 111. C h a rle sto n N orth C h a r le sto n W a lt e r b o r o, S.C. C h arlotte G a sto n ia, N.C. C h eyen n e, W y o. C la r k s v ille H o p k in s v ille, T en n. K y. C o lo ra d o S p r in g s, C o lo. C olu m b ia S u m te r, S.C. C olu m b u s, G a. A la. C o lu m b u s, M is s. D e ca tu r, 111. Des M o in e s, Iow a Duluth S u p e r io r, M inn. W is. E l P a s o A la m o g o r d o L as C r u c e s, T e x. N. M ex. E u gene S p rin g fie ld M e d fo r d, O re g. F a y e tte v ille, N.C. F o r t L a u d e rd a le H olly w ood and W est P a lm B e a ch B o c a R aton, F la. F o r t S m ith, A rk. O k la. F r e d e r ic k H ag ers tow n C h a m b e rsb u rg, M d. Pa. G o ld s b o r o, N.C. G rand Island H a stin g s, N ebr. G uam, T e r r it o r y o f H a r r is b u r g L eb a n on, P a. K n o x v ille, T enn. L a r e d o, T e x. L as V e g a s T on opah, N ev. L im a, O hio L ittle R ock ^ N orth L ittle R o ck, A rk. L o g a n s p o rt P e r u, Ind. L o ra in E ly r ia, O hio L o w e r E a s te rn S h o r e, M d. V a. D el. M a co n, Ga. M a d ison, W is. M ain e (sta te w id e ) M a n sfie ld, O hio M ca lle n P harx E d in burg and B r o w n s v ille H arlingen San B e n ito, T e x. M e rid ia n, M is s. M id d le s e x, M on m ou th, and O cean C o s., N.J. M o b ile P e n s a c o la P a n a m a C ity, A la. F la. M ontana (sta te w id e ) N a sh v ille D a v id son, Tenn. New B ern J a c k s o n v ille, N.C. New H a m p sh ire (sta te w id e ) New L ondon N o rw ich, C onn. R.I. N orth D akota (statew id e) N orth ern N ew Y o r k N orth w est T e x a s O rla n d o, F la. O xn ard S im i V a lle y V e n tu ra, C a lif. P e o r ia, 111. P h o e n ix, A r iz. P in e B lu ff, A rk. P u e b lo, C o lo. P u e rto R ic o R a leigh D u rh am, N.C. R en o, N ev. Salin a, K ans. S alin as S easid e M o n te re y, C a lif. S an dusky, O hio Santa B a rb a ra Santa M aria L o m p o c, C alif. Savannah, Ga. S e lm a, A la. S h re v e p o r t, La. South Dakota (statew ide) S ou th ern Idaho S ou th w est V irg in ia Spokane, W ash. S p rin g fie ld, 111. S tock ton, C alif. T a c o m a, W ash. T am pa St. P e te r s b u r g, F la. T o p e k a, K ans. T u cso n D o u g la s, A r iz. T u ls a, O kla. U p p er P en in su la, M ich. V erm on t (statew ide) V irg in Islands o f the U.S. W a co and K illeen T e m p le, T ex. W a te rlo o C edar F a l l s, Iow a W est V ir g in ia (sta tew id e) W ich ita F a lls Lawton A ltu s, T e x. O kla. W ilm in g ton, D el. N.J. M d. Y akim a Richland K ennew ick P e n d le to n, W ash. O re g. A L S O A V A IL A B L E An annual r e p o r t on s a la r ie s fo r a cco u n ta n ts, a u d ito rs, c h ie f a cco u n t an ts, a tto r n e y s, jo b a n a ly sts, d i r e c t o r s o f p e r s o n n e l, b u y e r s, c h e m is ts, e n g in e e r s, e n g in e e rin g te c h n icia n s, d r a ft e r s, a n d c l e r i c a l e m p lo y e e s is a v a ila b le. O r d e r as B L S B u lle tin 1980, N ational S u rv e y o f P r o fe s s io n a l, A d m in is tr a tiv e, T e c h n ic a l and C le r ic a l P a y, M a rch 1977, $ 2.40 a c o p y, fr o m any o f the B LS r e g io n a l s a le s o ffic e s show n on the b a ck c o v e r, o r fr o m the S u p e rin ten den t o f D o cu m e n ts, U.S. G o v e r n m en t P r in tin g O ffic e, W a sh in gton, D.C

31 Area Wage Surveys A lis t o f the la te s t b u lletin s a v a ila b le is p r e se n te d b e lo w. B u lletin s m a y be p u r c h a s e d fr o m any o f the B LS r e g io n a l o ffic e s show n on the b a ck c o v e r, o r fr o m the S u p erin ten d en t o f D ocu m en ts, U.S. G overn m en t P rin tin g O ffic e, W a sh in g ton, D.C M ake ch e ck s payable to S u perin ten den t o f D o cu m e n ts. A d i r e c t o r y o f o c c u p a tio n a l w age s u r v e y s, c o v e r in g the y e a rs 1970 th rou gh 1976, is a v a ila b le on req u e st. B u lle tin n um ber A r e a and p r ic e * A k ro n, O h io, D e c , 80 cen ts A lbany S ch en ecta d y T r o y, N.Y., Sept , 80 cen ts A n ah e im -S a n ta Ana G a rd en G r o v e, C a lif., O ct , $ A tla n ta, G a., M a y , $ B a lt im o r e, M d., A u g , $ B illin g s, M o n t., July , $ B irm in g h a m, A la., M a r , 80 cents B o s to n, M a s s., A u g , $ B u ffa lo, N.Y., O ct , $ C anton, O h io, M ay , $ C h attan ooga, T en n. G a., S ep t , 70 cen ts C h ica g o, 111., M ay , $ C in cin n a ti, O hio K y. In d., July , $ C le v e la n d, O h io, S ep t , $ C olu m b u s, O h io, O ct , $ C orp u s C h r is ti, T e x., July , $ D a lla s -F o r t W o rth, T e x., O c t , $ D avenport R o c k Isla n d M o lin e, Iowa 111., F eb , 70 cen ts D ayton, O h io, D e c , $ D aytona B e a ch, F la., A u g , $ D en v er B o u ld e r, C o lo., D e c , $ D e tr o it, M ic h., M a r , $ F r e s n o, C a lif., June , 70 cen ts G a in e s v ille, F la., S ep t , $ G re e n B a y, W is., July , 70 cen ts G r e e n s b o r o W in s to n -S a le m H igh P o in t, N.C., A u g , $ G r e e n v ille S p a rta n b u rg, S.C., June , 70 cen ts H a r tfo r d, C on n., M a r , $ H ou ston, T e x., A u g , $ H u n ts v ille, A la., F e b , 70 cen ts In d ia n a p o lis, In d., O ct , $ J a ck s o n, M is s., Jan , 70 cen ts J a c k s o n v ille, F la., D e c , 70 cen ts K ansas C ity, M o. K a n s., S ep t , $ L o s A n g e le s L on g B e a c h, C a lif., O ct , $ L o u is v ille, K y. In d., N ov , $ M e m p h is, T enn. A r k. M i s s., N ov , 70 cen ts B ulletin num ber A r e a and p r ic e * M ia m i, F la., O ct , $ M ilw a u k ee, W is., A p r , $ M in n ea p olis St. P a u l, M inn. W is., Jan , $ N a s s a u -S u ffo lk, N.Y., June , $ N ew a rk, N.J., Jan , $ N ew O r le a n s, L a., Jan , $ N ew Y o r k, N.Y ^ -N.J., M ay , $ N orfolk V ir g in ia B ea ch P o r ts m o u th, V a - N.C., M ay , 70 cents N o rfo lk V ir g in ia B e a c h -P o r ts m o u th and N ew p ort N ew s H am pton, V a. N.C., M ay , 80 cen ts N orth ea st P e n n sylv a n ia, A u g , $ O k lahom a C ity, O k la., A u g , $ O m ah a, N e b r.-i o w a, O ct , $ P a te rson C lifton P a s s a ic, N.J., June , 70 cen ts P h ila d e lp h ia, P a. N.J., N ov , $ P ittsb u rg h, P a., Jan , $ P o r tla n d, M a in e, D e c , 70 cents P o r tla n d, O r e g.-w a s h., M ay , $ P o u g h k e e p s ie, N.Y., June , 70 cen ts P ou g h k e e p sie K ingston^-n ew burgh, N.Y., June , 55 cen ts P r o v id e n c e -W a r w ic k P a w tu ck e t, R.I. M a s s., June , $ R ich m o n d, V a., June , $ St. L o u is, M o - I l l., M a r , $ S a cra m e n to, C a lif., D e c , $ Saginaw, M ic h., N ov , 70 cen ts Salt L ake City O gden, U tah, N ov , 80 cents San A n ton io, T e x., M ay , 70 cents San D ie g o, C a lif., N ov , $ San F r a n c is c o O ak land, C a lif., M a r , $ San J o s e, C a lif., M a r , $ S eattle E v e r e tt, W a sh., D e c , 80 cents South B en d, In d., A u g , $ T o le d o, O hio M ic h., M ay , 80 cents T r e n to n, N.J., Sept , 70 cents U t ic a -R o m e, N.Y., July , $ W a sh in gton, D.C. M d. V a., M a r , $ W ic h ita, K a n s., A p r , 80 cents W o r c e s t e r, M a s s., A p r , $ Y o r k, P a., F e b , $ * l Prices are determined by the Government Printing O ffice and are subject to change. Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented.

32 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C Official Business Penalty for private use, $300 Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor Third Class Mail Lab-441 Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region I 1603 JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass Phone: (AreaCode617) Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont Region II Suite Broadway New York, N.Y Phone (AreaCode212) New Jersey New York Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Region lit 3535 Market Street, P.O. Box Philadelphia, Pa Phone: (AreaCode215) Delaware District of Columbia Maryland Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia Region IV Suite 540 >371 Peachtree St., N.E. Atlanta, Ga Phone: (Area Code 404) Alabama Florida Georgia Kentucky Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Region V 9th Floor, 230 S. Dearborn St. Chicago, III Phone: (Area Code 312) Illinois Indiana Michigan Minnesota Ohio Wisconsin Region VI Second Floor 555 Gritfin Square Building Dallas, Tex Phone: (AreaCode214) Arkansas Louisiana New Mexico Oklahoma Texas Regions VII and VIII Federal Office Building 911 Walnut St., 15th Floor Kansas City, Mo Phone: (AreaCode816) VII Iowa Kansas Missouri Nebraska VIII Colorado Montana North Dakota South Dakota Utah Wyoming Regions IX and X 450 Golden Gate Ave Box San Francisco, Calif Phone: (Area Code 415) IX Arizona California Hawaii Nevada X Alaska Idaho Oregon Washington