Area Wage Survey. Miami, Florida, Metropolitan Area October Z o?-sl- U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Transcription

1 Area Wage Survey Z o?-sl- Miami, Florida, Metropolitan Area October 1979 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Bulletin

2 Preface This bulletin provides resu lts of an O ctober 1979 su rvey of o ccu p a tional earnings in the M iam i, F lorid a, Standard M etropolitan S tatistical A rea. The su rvey was m ade as p art of the Bureau of L abor S tatistics' annual area w age su rvey p rogra m. It was conducted by the Bureau' s region al office in Atlanta, Ga., under the gen eral d irectio n o f J e rry G. A dam s, A ssistant R egional C om m ission er fo r O perations. The su rvey could not have been accom p lish ed without the coop era tion o f the m any firm s w hose w age and salary data provid ed the basis fo r the statistica l inform ation in this bulletin. The Bureau w ishes to ex p ress sin ce re ap preciation fo r the coop era tion receiv ed. M ateria l in this publication is in the public dom ain and m ay be reprodu ced without p e rm issio n o f the F ed era l G overnm ent. P le a se cre d it the Bureau of L abor Statistics and cite the name and num ber o f this publication. Note: R ep orts on occu pation al earnings and supplem entary w age p rovision s in the M iam i area a re available fo r the hotels and m otels (M ay 1978), h ospitals (M ay 1978), auto d ealer rep air shops (June 1978), and nursing and p erson a l ca re fa c ilitie s (June 1978) industries. A report on occupational earnings fo r the m oving and stora ge industry (O ctober 1979) is available fo r the M iam i K ey W est area. A lso available are listings of union wage rates in M iam i fo r building trad es, printing trad es, lo c a l-tra n s it operating em p loyees, lo c a l tru ck d riv e rs, and h elp ers, and g r o c e r y store em p loyees. F ree co p ie s o f these a re available fr o m the B u reau 's region al o ffice s. (See back c o v e r fo r a d d re sse s.)

3 Area Miami, Florida, Wage Metropolitan Area Survey October 1979 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner March 1980 Bulletin Contents Introduction Tables: Earnings, all establishments: A - l. Weekly earnings of office w ork ers 3 A -2. Weekly earnings of professional and technical w orkers 6 A -3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical w orkers, by se x 7 A -4. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant w ork ers 9 A -5. Hourly earnings of m aterial movement and custodial w ork ers 10 A - 6. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, pow erplant, m aterial movement, and custodial w orkers, by se x 11 A -7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings fo r selected occupational groups 12 A - 8. Average pay relationships within establishments for w hite-collar w orkers 13 A -9. Average pay relationships within establishments for blu e-collar w o r k e r s 14 Earnings, large establishm ents: A-10. Weekly earnings of office w ork ers 15 A - l l. Weekly earnings of professional and technical w orkers 17 A -12. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical w orkers, by se x 18 2 Page Tables Continued Earnings, large establishments Continued A -13. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant Page A -14. Hourly earnings of m aterial movement and custodial w ork ers 20 A -15. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, pow erplant, m aterial movement, and custodial w orkers, by se x 21 Appendix A. Scope and method of survey 23 Appendix B. Occupational descriptions 27 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C , GPO Bookstores, or BLS Regional Offices listed Digitized on back for cover.. FRASER Price $2.25. Make checks payable to Superintendent of Documents.

4 Introduction T his area is 1 o f 72 in w hich the U.S. D epartm ent of L a b o r's Bureau o f L a b or Statistics conducts su rveys of occupational earnings and related ben efits. (See lis t of areas on in side back c o v e r.) In each area, earnings data fo r se le cte d occu pation s (A -s e r ie s ta bles) a re co lle cte d annually. In form ation on establishm ent p ra ctices and supplem entary wage benefits (B -s e r ie s ta b les) is obtained e v e ry third year. This rep o rt has no B -s e r ie s ta bles. Each year after a ll individual area wage surveys have been c o m pleted, tw o su m m ary bulletins are issu ed. The fir s t brin gs togeth er data fo r each m etrop olita n area su rveyed; the secon d p resen ts national and region al estim a te s, p ro je cte d from individual m etrop olita n area data, fo r all Standard M etropolitan S tatistical A reas in the United States, excluding A laska and H awaii. A m a jo r con sid era tion in the area w age su rvey p rogra m is the need to d e s crib e the le v e l and m ovem ent of w ages in a v a rie ty of la bor m a rk ets, through the an alysis of ( 1) the level and d istribu tion o f w ages by occu pation, and (2) the m ovem en t o f w ages by occu pation al ca te g o ry and sk ill lev el. The p rogra m d evelop s in form ation that m ay be used fo r many p u rp o ses, including w age and sa la ry ad m in istration, c o lle c tiv e bargaining, and a ssista n ce in determ ining plant location. Survey resu lts also are used by the U.S. D ep artm ent o f L ab or to m ake w age determ ination s under the S e rv ice C on tract A ct of A -s e r ie s tables T ab les A - l through A -6 p rovid e estim ates o f stra ig h t-tim e w eekly or hourly earnings fo r w ork ers in occupations com m on to a v a riety of m anufacturing and nonm anufacturing in d u stries. The occu pation s are defined in Appendix B. F or the 31 la rg est su rvey a reas, tables A -1 0 through A -1 5 provide sim ilar data for establishm ents em ploying 500 w ork ers or m ore. T able A -7 p rovid es p ercen t changes in a verage hourly earnings of o ffice c le r ic a l w o rk e rs, ele ctron ic data p ro ce s sin g w o rk e rs, in du strial n u rses, skilled m aintenance trades w o rk e r s, and unsk illed plant w o rk e rs. W here p ossib le, data are presen ted fo r all industries and fo r m anu facturing and nonm anufacturing sep arately. Data a re not p resen ted fo r skilled m aintenance w ork ers in nonm anufacturing becau se the num ber o f w ork ers em ployed in this occupational group in nonm anufacturing is too sm a ll to w arrant separate presentation. T his table p rovid es a m ea su re of wage trends after elim ination of changes in average earnings caused by em p loy ment shifts am ong establishm ents as w ell as tu rn over of establishm ents included in survey sam ples. F or further details, see appendix A. T ables A -8 and A -9 provide fo r the fir s t tim e m ea su res o f average pay relationships within establishm ents. T h ese m ea su res m ay d iffer co n sid era bly from the pay relationships of o v e ra ll a v erages published in tables A - l through A -6. See appendix A for details. Appendixes Appendix A d e scrib e s the m ethods and con cep ts used in the area wage su rvey p rogram and provides in form ation on the scop e of the survey. Appendix B provides job d escrip tion s used by Bureau field r e presentatives to c la s sify w ork ers by occupation. 2

5 Earnings: All establishments Table A-1. W eekly earnings of office workers, M iam i, Fla., October 1979 Weekly earnings 1 (standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVIN G STRAIGHT -T IM E WEEKLY E4RNIN6S (IN DOLLARS) OF Occupation and industry d ivisio n of workers Average weekly hours * (standard) Mean 2 Median 2 Middle range UNDER AND 110 UNDER ANO OVER S E C R E T A R I E S.... 2* * * * * M A N U FA C TU R IN G NONMANUFACTURING... 2* P U B L IC U T I L I T I E S S E CRETARIES* CLASS A _ - _ - - _ NONMANUFACTURING S E CRETARIES* CLASS B _ M A N U FA C TU R IN G NONMANUFACTURING P U B LIC U T I L I T I E S ~ ~ i i S E C R E T A R IE S. CLASS C M A N U F A C T U R IN G NONMANUFACTURING P U B L IC U T I L I T I E S SECRETARIES* CLASS D _ MANUFACTURING '* NONMANUFACTURING P U B L IC U T I L I T I E S ~ ~ * SECR ETA R IES* CLASS E N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G S T E N O G R A PH E R S _ _ - _ M A N U F A C T U R I N G NONMANUFACTURING P U B L IC U T I L I T I E S STENOGRAPHERS* SENIO R _ 6 - NONMANUF ACTURIN P U B L IC U T I L I T I E S ~ STENOGRAPHERS* G E N E R A L _ MANUFACTURING N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ~ T Y P I S T S _ M A N U FA C T U R IN G i - ~ NONMANUF A CTURIN T Y P IS T S * CLASS A N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G T Y P IS T S * CLASS B _ - 5 M A N U F A C T U R I N G N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G S ee footn otes at end o f ta b le s. 3

6 Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers, M iam i, Fla., October 1979 Continued Weekly earnings 1 (standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVIN G STRAIG HT-TIM E WEEKLY EARNINGS (I N DOLLARS) OF O ccu p a tion and in d u s try d iv is io n of workers Average weekly hours 1 (standard) Mean 2 Median 2 Middle range UNDER AND 110 UNOER AND OVER F I L E CLERKS * * * * NONMANUFACTURING F I L E CLERKS* CLASS B _ - - NONMANUFACTURING ~ F I L E CLERK St CLASS C _ 2 _ M E SSEN G ER S NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ~ ~ SUITCHBOARD OPERATORS _ 2 NONMANUFACTURING SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR- REC EPTIO N IS TS i MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING i 11-3 ORDER CLE RKS _ _ - - MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING ~ ORDER CLE RKS. CLASS B MANUFACTURING ACCOUNTING CLERKS _ - MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PU BLIC U T I L I T I E S ACCOUNTING CLERK St CLASS A MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S * ACCOUNTING CLERKSt CLASS B _ MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PURLIC U T I L I T I E S * BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS _ i NONMANUFACTURING i ~ BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS. CLASS A i 8 See footnotes at end o f ta b le s. 4

7 Table A-1. W eekly earnings of office workers, M iam i, Fla., October 1979 Continued Weekly earnings 1 (standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT -TIM E WEEKLY EARNINGS (IN DOLLARS) OF Occupation and industry divisio n of workers Average weekly hours 1 (standard) Mean 2 Median 2 Middle range UNDER ANO 110 UNDER AND OVER B 00KKEEPIN 6 MACHINE OPERATORS CONTINUED BOOKKEEPING HACHINE OPERATORS. CLASS B * * * * ~ _ 4 NONMANUF ACTURING M A C H I N E - B I L L E R S.... 7* PAYROLL C LE RKS M A N U FA C TU R IN G _ NONMANUFACTURING P U B LIC U T I L I T I E S *5 KEY ENTRY OPERATORS _ 3 M A N U FA C T U R IN G i i i i NONMANUFACTURING PU B LIC U T I L I T I E S KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS A _ 3 MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PU B LIC U T I L I T I E S KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS B _ MANUFACTURING _ NONMANUFACTURING P U B LIC U T I L I T I E S * W orkers w ere at $400 to $420. See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s. 5

8 Table A-2. Weekly earnings of professional and technical workers, M iam i, Fla., October 1979 Weekly earnings 1 (standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT -T IM E WEEKLY EARNINGS ( I N DOLLARS) OF O ccu p a tion and in d u s try d iv is io n of workers Average weekly hours 1 (standard] Mean 2 Median 2 Middle range UNOER AND 150 UNDER COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS (B U S IN E S S ) * * * * NONMANUFACTURING ~ COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS (B U S IN E S S ), CLASS A _ 2 _ NONMANUFACTURING COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS (B U S IN E S S ), CLASS B _ 13 NONMANUFACTURING COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) NONMANUFACTURING COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (B U S IN E S S ), CLASS A NONMANUFACTURING ~ COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (B U S IN E S S ), CLASS B NONMANUFACTURING _ PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ~ COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (B U S IN E S S ), CLASS C NONMANUFACTURING COMPUTER OPERATORS * M A NU FACTU RIN G NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S COMPUTER OPERATORS, CLASS A _ _ NONMANUFACTURING ~ COMPUTER OPERATORS, CLASS B *68 _ _ NONMANUFACTURING ~ ~ COMPUTER OPERATORS, CLASS C _ _ NONMANUFACTURING ~ - - D R A F T E R S _ M A NU FACTU RIN G NONMANUFACTURING DRAFTERS, CLASS A _ - _ NONMANUFACTURING DRAFTERS, CLASS B _ - 2 _ _ - _ - - MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING ~ _ DRAFTERS, c l a s s c m a n u f a c t u r i n g a ~ DRAFTER-TRACERS " " - - ELECTRONICS TEC H N IC IAN S * W o rk e rs w e re at $ 140 to $ 150. See footnotes at end o f ta b le s. 6

9 Table A -3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex, M iam i, Fla., O ctober 1979 O ccupation, se x,3 and industry divisio n of woiken Weekkr hour* (standard) Aven.c (mean*) Weekly earnings1 (standard) O c cu p a tio n, s e x,3 and in d u s try d iv is io n of workers Weekly hours (standard) Average (mean2) Weekly earnings1 (standard) O ccupation, sex.3 and industry division of workers Average (mean2) Weekly hours (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) O FFIC E OCCUPATIONS - O FFIC E OCCUPATIONS - O FFIC E OCCUPATIONS - HEN UOHEN CONTINUEO UOHEN CONTINUEO HESSEN6E RS * STENOGRAPHERS CONTINUED ACCOUNTING CLERKS CONTINUED NONHA NUF A CTU RINS * ACCOUNTING CLERKS* CLASS A******* NONHA NUF AC TU R IN T Y P IS T S, CLASS A BOOKKEEPING-HACHINE OPERATORS, PU B LIC U T I L I T I E S T Y P I S T S, CLASS B O FFIC E OCCUPATIONS UOHEN NONHA NUF A CTU RIN PAYROLL CLERKS S E C R E T A R IE S * * F I L E CLERKS* CLASS B * *.* KEY ENTRY O PERATO RS s e c r e t a r i e s, c l a s s b... 7A n*n ''A'* * SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS* 137* S E C R E T A R IE S. CLA SS C SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR- PU B LIC U T I L I T I E S * *. 10* S E C R E T A R IE S. CLASS P U B LIC U T IL IT IE S * * * * * * * * * * * * * 60 < S E CRETARIES* CLASS E. * 328 OCCUPATIONS - HEN COHPUTER SYSTEHS ANALYSTS COHPUTER SYSTEHS ANALYSTS 482 (B U S INESS)* CLASS A * 2^0 NONNANUFACTURING* PU B LIC U T IL IT IE S * * * * * * * * * * * * * COHPUTER SYSTEHS ANALYSTS *64 39*0 NONNANUFACTURIN6* PU R LIC U T I L I T I E S S ee fo otn otes at end o f ta b le s. 7

10 Table A-3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex, M iam i, Fla., O ctober 1979 O ccu p a tio n, s e x,3 and in d u s try d iv is io n of worker* Continued Weekly hour* (standard) A verms, (me ms1) Weekly earnings1 (standard) O ccu p a tio n, s e x,3 and in d u s try d iv is io n of worker* Weekly hour*1 (standard] Averase (mean2) Weekly earnings1 (standard) O ccu p a tio n, s e x.3 and in d u s try d iv is io n of workers Averase (mean2) Weekly hours r (standard) Weekly earning*1 (standard) PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS - BEN CONTINUED OCCUPATIONS - HEN CONTINUED OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN COMPUTER PR06RANNEPS ( B U S I N E S S! * COMPUTER OPERATORS - CONTINUED COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALTSTS * COMPUTER OPERATORS * CLASS 40*0 $ NONMANUFACTURING* COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (B U S IN E S S ). NONMANUFACTURING A CLASS A COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS C: PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (B U S IN E S S ). COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (B U S IN E S S ). DRAFTERS MANUFACTURING 40* NONMANUFACTURING* COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (B U S IN E S S ). NONMANUFACTURING DRAFTERS. CLASS A * NONMANUFACTURING *0 365*50 COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS B DRAFTERS. CLASS b MANUFACTURING*... 40* NONMANUFACTURING DRAFTERS. CLASS C * ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN S See footn otes at end o f ta b le s. 8

11 Table A -4. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant workers, M ia m i, Fla., October 1979 Hourly earnings * NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT -TIME HOURLY EARNINGS (IN DOLLARS! OF O ccupation and industry divisio n of workers Mean 2 Median2 Middle range 2 UNDER AND AND UNDER OVER MAINTENANCE CARPENTERS * * * * NONMANUFACTURING MAINTENANCE E L E C T R IC IA N S _ _ _ _ _ NONMANUFACTURING ~ P U B LIC U T I L I T I E S MAINTENANCE M A C H IN IS T S MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (M ACHIN ERY!.. A _ 8 _ M A N U FA C T U R IN G ~ ~ NONMANUFACTURING MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MOTOR V E H IC L E S! M A N U F A C T U R IN G i _ - NONMANUFACTURING S TATIO N ARY EN G IN E ERS * * W orkers w ere distributed as follow s : 33 at $3.60 to $3.80; and 3 at $4 to $4.20. See footnotes at end o f ta b le s. 9

12 Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers, M iam i, Fla., October 1979 Hourly earnings * NUMBER OF UORKERS RECEIVIN G STRAIG H T-TIN E HOURLY EARNIN6S (IN OOLLARS) OF O ccupa tion and in d u s try d iv is io n of workers Mean 2 Median2 Middle range 2 2. BO ANO _ UNDER TRUCKDRIVERS... 3,8 11 * 6.31 * * * MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING... 3, PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S O TRUCKORIVERS. LIG H T TRUCK MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING _ - _ - _ TRUCKDRIVERS. MEDIUM TRUCK... 1, MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING... 1, PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S TRUCKDRIVERS. HEAVY TRUCK MANUFACTURING _ TRUCKDRIVERS. TRAC TO R -TRAILER.... 1, MANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S S H IPPER S MANUFACTURING _ i 1 ~ R EC EIVERS MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING SH IPPERS ANO R EC EIV E R S M A N U FA C T U R IN G _ WAREHOUSEMEN... 1, M A NU FACTU RIN G NONMANUFACTURING i i ORDER F I L L E R S... 1, MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING... 1, _ ~ SH IPPING PACKERS MANUFACTURING _ _ MATERIAL HANDLING LABORERS... 1, M A NU FACTU RIN G NONMANUFACTURING... 1, PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S _ ~ i FO R K LIFT OPERATORS MANUFACTURING _ _ G U A R D S , MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING... 1, _ _ GUARDSt CLASS B MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING JANITORS, PORTERS, AND C LE A N ER S.... 4, MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING... 4, PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S See footnotes at end o f ta b le s. 10

13 Table A-6. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, powerplant, material movement, and custodial workers, by sex, Miami, Fla., October 1979 O ccu p a tio n, s e x,3 and in d u s try d iv is io n of workers Average (mean*) hourly earnings4 O ccu p a tio n, s e x,3 and in d u s try d iv is io n of workers Average (mean1) hourly earnings4 MAINTENANCE, TOOLROOM, AND POUERPLANT OCCUPATIONS - MEN m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t a n d c u s t o d i a l OCCUPATIONS - HEN CONTINUED NONMANUFACTURING *266 M A NU FAC TU R IN G MAINTENANCE MECHANICS <HACHINERY N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G.... 1, MANUFACTURING S H IPPIN G PACKERS M A N U FAC TU R IN G MAINTENANCE MECHANICS MATERIAL HANDLIN6 LA B O R ER S.. 1* PU BLIC U T I L I T I E S M A N U FA C TU R IN G MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN GUARDS , M A N U FA C TU R IN G MANUFACTURING GUARDS* CLASS B n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g TRUCKORIVERS, LIG H T TRUCK MANUFACTURING JA N IT O R S, PORTERS, AND C L E A N E R S... 3, M A N U FA C TU R IN G * PU B LIC U T I L I T I E S NONMANUFACTURING... 1, PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S TRUCKORIVERS, HEAVY T R U C K m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t a n d c u s t o d i a l MANUFACTURING OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN TRUCKORIVERS, TRA CTO R - TR AILER... 1, M A N U FA C T U R IN G PU BLIC U T I L I T I E S S H IPPER S JA N IT O R S, PO RTERS, AND C L E A N E R S MANUFACTURING n o n h a n u f a c t u r ; n g R E C E I V E R S MANUFACTURING n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g See footn otes at end o f tables. 11

14 Table A-7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, Miami, Fla., for selected periods Industry and occupational group 5 N o v e m b e r 1972 to Novem ber 1973 N o v e m b e r 197?"to O cto b e r m onth in c re a s e A n n u a l rate o f in c re a s e O cto b e r 1974 to O c to b e r 1975 O cto b e r 1975 to O cto b e r 1976 O cto b e r 1976 to O cto b e r 1977 O c to b e r 1977 to O ctober 1978 O c to b e r 1978 to O cto b e r 1979 A ll industries : O ffic e c l e r i c a l E le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g ( 6) I n d u s tria l n u r s e s 11.9 ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) S k ille d m a in te n a n c e U n s k ille d p l a n t M a n u fa c tu rin g : O ffic e c l e r i c a l ( 6) ( 6) 7.1 ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) E le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g. _ ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) In d u s tr ia l n u rs e s ~ ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) S k ille d m a in te n a n ce _ ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) U n s k ille d p l a n t Nonm anufacturing: O ffic e c l e r i c a l E le c t r o n ic data p ro c e s s in g ( 6) I n d u s tria l n u rs e s. ~ 11.9 ( 6) ( 6) (6) (6) (6) ( 6) ( 6) U nskilled plant See footn otes at end o f ta b le s. 12

15 Table A -8. Average pay relationships w ithin establishments for white-collar occupations, M iam i, Fla., O ctober 1979 O ffice cle ric a l occupation being com pared Bookkeepingmachine Switchboard Order O ccupation w hich equals 100 Secretaries Stenographers Typists File clerks Accounting clerks Switchboard operator- clerks, Messengers operators operators recep tionists class B Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E Senior General Class A Class B Class B Class C Class A Class B Class A Class B Payroll clerks Key entry operators Class A Class B SECRET A R IE S. CLASS A S E C R E T A R IE S. CLASS B S E C R E T A R IE S. CLASS C S E C R E T A R IE S. CLASS S E C R E T A R IE S. CLASS E STENOGRAPHERS. S E N IO R (6 ) (6) 100 STENOGRAPHERS. G ENERAL (6 ) <61 < T Y P I S T S. CLASS A <6> T Y P I S T S. CLASS R <6) < P I L E C LE R K S. CLASS B ( (6) F I L E C LE R K S. CLASS C ( 6 ) 148 <61 (61 < (6) 100 NESSEN6ERS <6 ) < SWITCHBOARD O P E R A T O R S <61 <61 < SUITCHBOARO OPERATOR- R E C E P T IO N IS T S... 1A < ORDER C LE R K S. CLASS B (6) <6) <61 <6 ) ( 6 ) <6> 76 (61 <6> ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS A ( ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS B < BOOKKEEPING-NACHINE OPERATORS. CLASS A <6) (6) <6) <61 <61 <61 <61 <6> <61 <6) < <61 <61 <6) <6> 100 BOOKKEEPING-NACHINE OPERATORS. CLASS B... (6 ) (6 ) (6) (6 ) <6> ( 6) (61 <61 <61 <61 <6> ( 6) (6) <61 <6 ) < (6 ) 100 PAYROLL C LE R K S <6 > KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS A <61 ( 6 ) KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS B < (6 ) (6) Pro fessio n a l and technical occupation being com pared Computer systems analysts (business) Computer programmers (business) Computer operator Drafters Class A Class B Class A Class B Class C Class A Class B Class C Class A Class B Class C Drafters-tracers COHPUTER SVSTEHS ANALYSTS (B U S IN E S S ). CLASS A CONPUTER SYSTEHS ANALYSTS (B U S IN E S S ). CLASS B CONPUTER PROGRANNERS (B U S IN E S S ). CLASS A CONPUTER PROGRANNERS (B U S IN E S S ). CLASS B CONPUTER PROGRANNERS (B U S IN E S S ). CLASS C (6) CONPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS A <6) 100 CONPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS B CONPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS C (6) 175 <6) <6 ) (6) 100 D RAFTERS. CLASS A (6) 112 (6 ) (6) 100 D RAFTERS. CLASS B (6 ) (6 ) D RAFTERS. CLASS C <6) (6) (6) (6 ) (6 ) <6 ) 113 <6 ) D R A F T E R - T R A C E R S (6) (6 ) <6) <6) (6 ) (6) <6 ) (6) (6) 100 See footn ote at end o f ta b le s. N O T E : T a b le s A - 8 and A - 9 p re se n t the avera g e pay re la tio n s h ip betw een p a irs o f o ccu p a tio n s w ith in e s ta b lis h m e n ts. F o r exam ple, a value o f 122 in d ic a te s that earn in g s fo r the o c c u p a tio n d ir e c t ly above in the heading are 22 p e rc e n t g re a te r than e a rn in g s fo r the o ccu p a tio n d ir e c t ly to the le ft in the stub. S im ila r ly, a valu e o f 85 in d ic a te s earn in g s fo r the o ccu p a tio n in the h eadin g a re 15 p e rc e n t below e a rn in g s fo r the o ccu p a tio n in the stub. See appendix A fo r method of computation. 13

16 Table A-9. Average pay relationships w ithin establishments for blue-collar occupations, M ia m i, Fla., O ctober 1979 Maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant occupation being compared Occupation w hich equals 100 Mechanics Carpenters Electricians Machinists Stationary engineers Machinery Motor vehicles m a i n t e n a n c e c a r p e n t e r s m a i n t e n a n c e e l e c t r i c i a n s n a i n t e n a n c e m a c h i n i s t s... (6 ) m a i n t e n a n c e m e c h a n i c s (M ACHIN ERY) * 100 m a i n t e n a n c e m e c h a n i c s (MOTOR V E H IC L E S )... 10* 105 (6) STATIONARY ENGINEERS (6) (6) (6 ) '6 ) 100 M a te ria l movement and custodial occupation being compared Truckdrivers Light truck Medium truck Heavy truck Tractor-trailer Shippers Receivers Shippers and receivers W arehousemen Order fillets Shipping packets Material handling laborers Forklift operators Guards, class B Janitors, portea, and cleaners t r u c k d r i v e r s, l i g h t t r u c k t r u c k d r i v e r s. m e d iu m t r u c k.... 8* 100 TRUCKDRIVERS, HEAVY TRUCK... ( 6 ) t r u c k o r i v e r s. t r a c t o r - t r a i l e r (6 ) 100 SH IPPER S... ( 6 ) (8 ) (6 ) ( 6 ) 100 r e c e i v e r s (8) (6 ) (6 ) 11* 100 SH IPPERS AND R E C EIV E RS (6 ) 95 (6 ) (6) 100 w a r e h o u s e m e n (6 ) ORDER F I L L E R S... ( 6 ) 10* (6 ) (6 ) * 100 SH IPPING PACKERS (6 ) (6 ) 131 (6) (6 ) MATERIAL HANOLING LAB O R ER S (6 ) (6 ) 138 (6 ) 159 1* FO RKLIFT OPERATORS... ( 6 ) 102 (6 ) ( 6 ) 107 (6) (6 ) (6) (6) (6) ( 6 ) 100 GUAROS. CLASS R (6 ) ( 6 ) (6) (6) 98 ( 6 ) (6 ) 100 JA N ITO R S, PO RTERS. AND C L E A N E R S ( 6 ) (6 ) 112 i o n See footnote at end of ta b le s. N O T E : T a b le s A - 8 and A - 9 p re s e n t the a v e ra g e p a y r e la tio n s h ip betw een p a ir s o f o ccu p a tio n s w ith in e s ta b lish m e n ts. F o r exam ple, a valu e o f 122 in d ic a te s th a t e a rn in g s fo r the o c c u p a tio n d ir e c t ly above in the heading a re 22 p e rc e n t g re a te r th an e a rn in g s fo r the o ccu p a tio n d ir e c t ly to the le ft in the stub. S im ila r ly, a valu e o f 85 in d ic a te s e a rn in g s f o r the o c c u p a tio n in the heading a re 15 p e rc e n t below earnings fo r the occupation in the stub. See appendix A fo r method of computation. 14

17 Earnings: Large establishments Table A-10. W eekly earnings of office workers, large establishments, M iam i, Fla., October 1979 Weekly earnings 1 (standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT -TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS <IN DOLLARS! OF Occupation and industry divisio n of workers Average weekly hours * (standard) Mean ^ Median 2 Middle range AND UNDER *0 1* * S E C R E T A R IE S * 2 3 *.0 0 * * * *5 9* MANUFACTURING... 33B * * _ NON MANUFACTURING PU B LIC U T I L I T I E S.... * * S E C R E T A R IE S. CLA SS A NONMANUFACTURING S E C R E T A R IE S. CLA SS B... * * NONMANUFACTURING PU B LIC U T I L I T I E S S E C R E T A R IE S. CLA SS C.... * i _ MANUFACTURING... 1*0 < NONMANUFACTURING i PU B LIC U T I L I T I E S S E C R E T A R IE S. CLASS D I l l NONMANUFACTURING ~ SE CR ETAR IES* CLASS E < NONM ANUFACTURING * S T E N O G R A P H E R S *1-6 _ NONMANUFACTURING * * P U B LIC U T I L I T I E S * * ~ STENOGRAPHERS. SENIO R _ 6 _ NONMANUFACTURING P U B LIC U T I L I T I E S.... 6* ~ 2 ~ T Y P I S T S _ NONMANUFACTURING * * ~ T Y P I S T S. CLASS A * _ NONMANUFACTURING * T Y P I S T S. CLASS B * * * NONMANUFACTURING * * 17 2* F I L E C LE RKS * _ NONMANUFACTURING * ~ M E S S E N G E R S * _ - NONMANUFACTURING * PU B LIC U T I L I T I E S * SWITCHBOARD O PERATO RS NONM ANUFACTURING See fo otn otes at end o f ta b le s. 15

18 Table A-10. W eekly earnings of office workers, large establishments, Miami, Fla., October 1979 Continued Weekly earnings 1 (standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT--TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS (IN DOLLARSI OF O ccu p a tion and in d u s try d iv is io n of workers Average weekly hours 1 (standard] Mean 2 Median 2 Middle range AND UNDER SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR- R E C E P T IO N IS T S * * * * * 3 1 ACCOUNTING CLERK S _ - MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ~ ACCOUNTING C LFRKS. CLASS A MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ~ ACCOUNTING CLE RKS. CLASS B _ - MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S PAYROLL CLERKS _ _ - NONMANUFACTURING KEY ENTRY OPERATORS _ - MANUFACTURING... BO NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ~ KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS A _ NONMANUFACTURING PU BLIC U T I L I T I E S ~ KEY ENTRY OPFRATORS. CLASS R _ - M A NU FACTU RIN G NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S See footnotes at end o f tab les. 16

19 Table A-11. W eekly earnings of professional and technical workers, large establishments, M iam i, Fla., O ctober 1979 Weekly earnings 1 (standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVIN G STRAIGHT -T IM E WEEKLY EARNINGS (IN DOLLARS) OF Occupation and industry divisio n of workers Average weekly hours 1 (standard) Mean 2 Median 2 Middle range 2 1 AO AND UNDER COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS ( B U S I N E S S ) AO. 0 * A * * * A NONNA NUP * CTURI NS... 23A AO.O A 3 A A A ~ ~ COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS (B U S IN E S S ). CLASS A... 1 A3 A 0.0 A A « NONNANUFACTURINS AO.O A A ~ ~ ~ ~ R COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS (B U S IN E S S ). CLASS B AO.O R NONMANUPACTURINS AO.O A A ~ ~ COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (B U S I N E S S ) AO.O NONM ANUFACTURING... AA2 AO.O ~ COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (B U S IN E S S ). CLASS A AO.O A ~ NONNANUPACTURINS... 17A AO.O A COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (B U S IN E S S ). CLASS B B AO.O NONNA NUP A CTURI NG AO.O _ PU B LIC U T I L I T I E S A AO.O * ~ COMPUTER OPERATORS... 30B NONNANUPACTURING A _ PU B LIC U T I L I T I E S ~ COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLA SS A AO.O A NONNA NUPACTURING AO.O COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS B A i i NONMANUPACTURINS l o i i COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS C NONM ANUPACTURINS * D R A F T E R S ELECTRO N ICS T E C H N I C I A N S AO.O A ~ ~ ~ See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s. 17

20 Table A-12. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex, large establishments, Miami, Fla., October 1979 Occupation, sex,3 and industry division of woikert Weekhr hour* ( tandard) Average (mean*) Weekly earnings1 (standard) Occupation, s e x,3 and industry division of worker* Weekly hour*1 (*tandard) Average (mean2) Weekly earning*1 (standard) Occupation, sex.3 and industry division of worker! Weekly hours F (rtandard) Average (mean2) Weekly earnings1 (standard) O FFIC E OCCUPATIONS - O FFIC E OCCUPATIONS - PROFESSIONAL ANO TECHNICAL PEN UO MEN CONTINUEO OCCUPATIONS - MEN CONTINUED < F I L E C L E R K S * * *.*..*. < NONMANUFACTURING (BUSINESS) - CONTINUED ACCOUNTING CLERK S SUITCHROARtl OPERATORS COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS *0 < NONMANUFACTURING SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR- R E C E P T I O N I S T S COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) ACCOUNTING C LERK S. CLASS Bt NONMANUFACTURINS ACCOUNTING CLERK S* * 1* m a n u f a c t u r i n g COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (B U S IN E S S ). NONPANUFACTURING* ACCOUNTINS CLE RKS. CLASS A MANUFACTURING NONNANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ACCOUNTINS CLERKS* CLASS B NONMANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING... 1* KEY ENTRY OPERA T O R S. * COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS C l NONMANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURINS * NONNANUFACTURING. 1 B PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S..* * * * * * * * * * * * PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS B OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN M A N U F A C T U R IN G...* NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS (B U S IN E S S! NON"ANUFACTURING PU B LIC U T I L I T I E S PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) OCCUPATIONS - MEN NONMANUFACTURING *0 T Y P IS T S NONMANUFACTURING COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (R U S IN E S S ) NONNA NUF A C TU R IN G * NONMANUFACTURINS COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS COMPUTER OPERATORS (B U S INESS!* CLASS A See footn otes at end o f tables. 18

21 Table A-13. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant workers, large establishments, M iam i, Fla., O ctober 1979 Hourly earnings 4 NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVIN G STRAIGHT -T IM E HOURLY EARNINGS (IN DOLLARS) OF Occupation and industry division workers Mean 2 Median2 Middle range 2 * H.6 0 AND AND UNDER o v e r * * MAINTENA NCE CARPENTERS... NON«ANUFACTURINS.... MAINTENANCE E L E C T R IC IA N S... NONMANUFACTURING... PU B LIC U T I L I T I E S... MAINTENANCE P A IN TE R S... NONMANUEACTURINS... MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (M ACHINERY) M A N U FA C T U R E S... MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MOTOR V E H IC L E S )..... NONMANUEACTURINS... PU R LIC U T I L I T I E S *8.21 *7.2 1 * *11.2 * i i _ 3 _ _ _ * _ * * " * _ 2 _ A See footn otes at end o f ta b le s. 19

22 Table A-14. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers, large establishments M iam i, Fla., O ctober 1979 Hourly earnings N1MRER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STPAIGHT -TINE HOURLY EARNINGS (IN DOLLARS) OF O ccu p a tio n and in d u s try d iv is io n of workers Mean 2 Median2 Middle range AND UNOER TRUCKS R I V E R S * * * * NONMANUFACTURING TRUCKORIVE RS» MEDIUM TRUCK NORM* NUFA CTURIN * 1 * TRUCKORIVERS. TRAC TOR TR A ILER * NONMANUFACTURING... 20* ~ R EC EIV E RS NONMANUFACTURINS " ~ - SH IPPER S AND REC EIV E RS WAREHOUSEMEN _ M A N U FA C TU R IN G *.1 7 * NONMANUFACTURINS... 58* ~ ORDER F I L L E R S * i N O N M A N U F A C T U R IN G i MATERIAL HANDLING LAGORERS NONMA NUF A CTURI NG FO R K LIFT O P E R A T O R S J _ _ NONMANUFACTURINS * g u a r d s : M A N U FAC TU R IN G * * JANITORS. PORTERS. AND C LE A N ER S * * _ - _ M A N U F A C T U R IN G * NONMANUFACTURING * t o o _ See footn otes at end o f ta b le s. 20

23 Table A-15. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, powerplant. material movement, and custodial workers, by sex, large establishments, Miami, Fla., October 1979 O ccu p a tio n, s e x,3 and in d u s try d iv is io n of woikers Average (mean2) hourly earnings4 O ccu p a tio n, s e x,3 and in d u s try d iv is io n of woiken Average (mean2) hourly earnings4 MAINTE NANCE t TOOLROOM* AND POUERPLANT OCCUPATIONS - PEN MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTOOIAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN CONTINUED R E C E IV E R S.. NON*ANUF A C T U R IN S W A R E H O U S E M E N... M A N U F A C T U R IN G NONMANUFACTURING ORDER F I L L E R S NONNANUEACTURIN MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (M ACHINERY!.. 1B M ATERIAL HANDLING LABORERS NONMANUEACTURINS m a i n t e n a n c e m e c h a n i c s FO R K LIFT OPERATORS NONMANUFACTURING. PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S B g u a r d s : MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTOOIAL m a n u f a c t u r i n g * 06 OCCUPATIONS - MEN GUARDS * CLASS B NONMANUFACTURING NONMANUEACTURINS... 5A* JANITO RS* PORTERS* AND C L E A N E R S... 9* TRUCKORIVERS* T R A C T O R -T R A IL E R N O NM A N U EA CTU R IN S A See footnotes at end of tables. 21

24 Footnotes 1 Standard hours r e fle ct the w orkw eek fo r w hich em p loyees re ce iv e th eir regu lar stra ig h t-tim e sa la ries (exclu sive o f pay fo r o v ertim e at regular a n d /o r prem iu m ra te s), and the earnings corresp on d to these w eekly h ours, 2 The m ean is com puted fo r each job by totaling the earnings of all w ork ers and dividing by the num ber o f w o rk e rs. The m edian designates position half o f the w ork ers re ce iv e the sam e o r m o re and half re ce iv e the sam e o r le s s than the rate shown. The m iddle range is defined by two rates of pay: a fourth of the w ork ers earn the sam e o r less than the low er of these rates and a fourth earn the sam e or m ore than the higher rate. 3 Earnings data relate only to w o rk e rs w hose sex iden tification was provided by the establishm ent. 4 E xcludes prem ium pay fo r ov e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olidays, and late shifts. 5 E stim ates fo r p eriod s ending p r io r to 1976 relate to m en o.nly fo r sk illed m aintenance and unskilled plant w o rk e rs. A ll oth er estim ates relate to men and women. 6 Data do not m eet publication crite ria o r data not available. 22

25 Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey In each o f the 72 1 areas cu rren tly surveyed, the B ureau obtains w ages and related b e n efits data from rep resen tative establishm ents within six broad industry d iv is io n s : M anufacturing; transportation, com m unication, and oth er public u tilitie s ; w h o le sa le trade; retail trade; fin an ce, in su ran ce, and real estate; and s e r v ic e s. G overnm ent operations and the con stru ction and ex tra ctiv e in d u stries are exclu d ed. E stablishm ents having few er than a p r e s c r ib e d num ber o f w o rk e r s are also excluded becau se o f in su fficien t em p loym en t in the o ccu p a tion s studied. Appendix table 1 show s the num ber o f establish m en ts and w o rk e rs estim ated to Ve within the scop e of this su rvey, as w ell as the num ber actually studied. B ureau fie ld repre sen ta tiv e s obtain data by person al v isits at 3 - year in te rv a ls. In each o f the two intervening y ears, inform ation on em ploym ent and o ccu p a tion a l earn in gs on ly is co lle c te d by a com bination o f p erson a l visit, m a il q u e stion n a ire, and telephon e in terview from establishm ents participating in the p revio u s su rv e y. A sa m p le o f the estab lish m en ts in the scop e of the su rvey is sele cte d fo r study p r io r to each p e rso n a l v isit su rvey. This sa m p le, le s s establish m en ts w hich go out o f b u sin e ss o r are no lon ger within the in du strial sc o p e o f the su rv e y, is retain ed fo r the follow in g two annual su rv e y s. In m o s t c a s e s, establish m en ts new to the area are not con sid ered in the scop e o f the su rvey until the se le ctio n o f a sam ple fo r a person al v isit su rvey. The sam pling p ro ce d u re s involve detailed stratification o f all establish m en ts w ithin the sc o p e o f an individual area su rvey by industry and num ber o f e m p lo y e e s. F r o m this stra tified u n iverse a p ro b a b ility sam ple is se le cte d, with each establish m en t having a predeterm in ed chance of sele c tio n. T o obtain optim u m a c c u r a c y at m inim um cost, a g re a te r p rop ortion o f la rg e than sm a ll e stab lish m en ts is se le cte d. When data are com bin ed, each estab lish m en t is w eigh ted a ccord in g to its p robability o f se le ctio n so that unbiased estim a te s are gen erated. F o r exam ple, if one out o f fou r estab lish m en ts is se le cte d, it is given a w eight o f 4 to re p re s e n t itse lf plus th ree o th e r s. An alternate o f the sam e origin a l probability is ch osen in the sam e in d u s tr y -s iz e c la s s ific a tio n if data are not available fro m the orig in a l sa m p le m e m b e r. If no su itable substitute is available, additional w eight is assign ed to a sam ple m e m b e r that is sim ila r to the m issin g unit. O ccupations and earn ings O ccu p ation s se le cte d fo r study are com m on to a v a riety o f m anufacturing and nonm anufacturing in d u stries, and are of the follow in g types: ( 1 ) O ffice c le r ic a l; (2) p r o fe s s io n a l and tech nical; (3) m aintenance, to o lro o m, and pow erplant; and (4) m a te ria l m ovem en t and custodial. Occupational cla s sifica tio n is based on a uniform set of jo b d escrip tion s designed to take account o f in terestablish m en t variation in duties within the sam e job. O ccupations selected for study are listed and d escrib ed in appendix B. U n less oth erw ise indicated, the earnings data follow ing the job titles are fo r all in dustries com bin ed. E arnings data for som e of the occu pation s listed and d e s crib e d, or fo r som e industry divisions within the scop e o f the su rvey, are not p resen ted in the A -s e r ie s tables because either ( 1 ) em ploym ent in the occu pation is too sm all to provide enough data to m e r it presen tation, or (2 ) th ere is p o ssib ility o f d is clo su re of individual establishm ent data. Separate m e n 's and w om en 's earnings data are not p resen ted when the num ber of w o rk e rs not identified by sex is 20 percen t or m o r e o f the m en o r w om en identified in an occu pation. Earnings data not shown sep arately fo r industry d iv ision s are included in data for all in dustries com bin ed. L ik ew ise, fo r occu pation s with m o re than one level, data are included in the o v e ra ll cla s sifica tio n when a su bcla ssification is not shown o r inform ation to su b cla ssify is not available. O ccupational em ploym ent and earnings data are shown fo r fu ll-tim e w o rk e r s, i.e., those h ired to w ork a regu lar w eekly schedule. Earnings data exclu de p rem iu m pay fo r ov e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. N onproduction bonuses are excluded, but c o s t-o f-liv in g allow an ces and in cen tive bon u ses are included. W eekly hours for o ffice c le r ic a l and p r o fe ss io n a l and tech n ical occu pation s re fe r to the standard w orkw eek (rounded to the n ea rest h alf hour) fo r which em p loyees rece iv e regu lar stra ig h t-tim e sa la rie s (e x clu siv e o f pay fo r overtim e at regular a n d /o r prem iu m ra te s). A v era ge w eek ly earnings for these occupations are rounded to the n e a rest half d o lla r. V e rtica l lin es within the distribution of w ork ers on som e A -ta b le s indicate a change in the size of the class intervals. T h ese su rvey s m e a su re the le v e l of occu pation al earnings in an area at a p a rticu la r tim e. C om p arison s of individual occu pation al averages over tim e m ay not r e fle c t expected w age changes. The averages fo r individual jobs are affected by changes in w ages and em ploym ent patterns. F o r exam ple, p rop ortion s o f w o rk e rs em ployed by high- o r low -w age firm s m ay change, or h igh -w age w o rk e rs m ay advance to better jo b s and be rep laced by new w ork ers at low er ra tes. Such shifts in em ploym ent could d ecrea se an o ccu pational average even though m o st establishm ents in an area in crease w ages during the y e a r. Changes in earnings o f occu pation al grou ps, shown in table A - 7, are better in d icators of w age trends than are earnings changes for individual job s within the groups. A v era ge earnings r e fle ct com p o site, areaw ide estim ates. Industries 1 Included in the 72 areas are 2 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These areas are and establishm ents d iffe r in pay le v e l and jo b staffing, and thus contribute Akron, Ohio and Poughkeepsie-Kingston-Newburgh, N.Y. In addition, the Bureau conducts more limited area studies in approximately 100 areas at the request of the Employment Standards Administration of the U. S. d ifferen tly to the estim a tes fo r each jo b. P ay averages m ay fail to re fle ct Department of Labor. a ccu rately the w age d ifferen tia l among job s in individual establishm ents.

26 A v era ge pay le v e ls fo r m en and w om en in sele cte d occu pation s should not be assu m ed to r e fle c t d iffe ren ces in pay of the sexes within individual establishm ents. F a ctors which m ay contribute to d ifferen ces include p r o g re s sio n within establish ed rate ranges (only the rates paid incum bents are colle cte d ) and p e rfo rm a n ce of s p e cific duties within the gen eral su rvey job d escrip tion s. Job d e scrip tio n s used to c la s s ify em p loyees in these su rveys usually are m ore g e n era lized than those u sed in individual establishm ents and allow fo r m in or d iffe ren ces am ong establishm ents in sp e cific duties perform ed. O ccupational em ploym ent estim ates rep resen t the total in all esta b lishm ents within the scope of the study and not the num ber actu ally surveyed. B ecause occu pation al stru ctu res am ong establishm ents d iffe r, estim ates of occupational em ploym ent obtained fr o m the sam ple of establishm ents studied serv e only to indicate the rela tive im p ortan ce of the job s studied. T h ese d ifferen ces in occu p ation al stru ctu re do not a ffe ct m a teria lly the a ccu ra cy of the earnings data. Wage trends fo r selected occu pation al groups The p ercen t in cre a s e s p resen ted in table A -7 a re based on changes in average h ourly earnings of m en and w om en in establishm ents reportin g the trend jobs in both the cu rren t and previous year (m atched establishm ents). The data are adjusted to rem ove the effects on average earnings o f em p loy ment shifts am ong establishm ents and tu rnover of establishm ents included in su rvey sam p les. The p ercen t in c r e a s e s, h ow ever, a re still affected by fa ctors other than w age in crea s e s. H irin gs, la y o ffs, and tu rn over m ay a ffect an establishm ent average fo r an occu pation when w ork ers a re paid under plans providing a range o f w age rates fo r individual jo b s. In p eriod s of in creased h iring, for exam ple, new em p loyees m ay enter at the bottom of the range, depressin g the average without a change in w age rates. The p ercen t changes relate to wage changes betw een the indicated dates. When the tim e span betw een su rveys is other than 12 m onths, annual rates are a lso shown. (It is assu m ed that w ages in crea s e at a constant rate between su rv ey s.) O ccupations used to com pute wage trends are: O ffice c le r ic a l S e cre ta rie s S ten ographers, sen ior S ten ographers, g en eral T y p ists, c la s s e s A and B F ile c le r k s, c la s s e s A, B, and C M essen g ers Sw itchboard op era tors O rder c le r k s, c la s se s A and B A ccounting c le r k s, c la s s e s A and B P a y roll cle rk s Key entry o p e ra to rs, c la s s e s A and B E le ctro n ic data p ro ce s sin g C om puter system s analysts, c la s s e s A, B, and C C om puter p rogra m m e rs, c la s s e s A, B, and C E le ctro n ic data p roce s sin g Continued C om puter o p e ra to rs, c la s s e s A, B, and C Industrial nurses R e g iste red industrial nur s e s Skilled m aintenance C arpen ters E le ctricia n s P ainters M achinists M ech an ics (m a ch in ery) M ech an ics (m o to r v e h icle ) P ip e fitte rs T ool and die m akers U nskilled plant Ja n itors, p o r te r s, and cle a n e rs M aterial handling la b o r e rs P ercen t changes for individual areas in the p rogra m a re com puted as follow s: 1. A verage earnings are com puted fo r each occupation fo r the 2 years being com p ared. The a v era g es are derived from earnings in those establishm ents w hich a re in the su rvey both y e a rs; it is assu m ed that em ploym ent rem ains unchanged. 2. Each occupation is assign ed a w eight based on its p r o portionate em ploym ent in the occu pation al group in the base year. 3. These weights are used to com pute group averages. Each occu pation 's average earnings (com puted in step 1) is m ultiplied by its w eight. The p roducts a re totaled to obtain a group average. 4. The ratio of group averages fo r 2 con secu tiv e years is com puted by dividing the a verage fo r the cu rren t year by the average fo r the e a r lie r year. The resu lt ex p re sse d as a percen t less 100 is the p ercen t change. F o r a m ore detailed d e scrip tio n of the m ethod used to com pute these wage tren d s, see "Im provin g A rea Wage S urvey In d e x e s," M onthly Labor R eview, January 1973, pp A vera ge pay relationships within establishm ents R elative m ea su res of occu pation al pay are p resen ted in table A -8 fo r w h ite -co lla r occupations and in table A -9 fo r b lu e -c o lla r occu p ation s. T h ese relative values re fle ct d iffe ren ces in pay betw een occupations within individual establishm ents. R elative pay values a re com puted by dividing an establishm ent's average earnings fo r an occu pation being com p a red by the average fo r another occupation (designated as 100) and m ultiplying the quotient by 100. F o r exam ple, if janitors in a fir m a verage $4 an hour and fo rk lift op e ra to rs $5, fo rk lift op erators have a rela tive pay value of 125 com p a red with ja n ito rs. ($ 5 -f $4 = 1.25, x 100 = 125.) In com bining the rela tives of the individual establishm ents to a rriv e at an ov era ll average, each esta b lish m ent is con sid ered to have as m any rela tiv es as it has w eighted w ork ers in the two jobs being com pared. P ay relationships based on o v e ra ll a v era g es m ay d iffe r con sid era b ly becau se of the varying contribution of high- and low -w age establishm ents to the a v era g es. F or exam ple, the o v e ra ll average h ourly earnings fo r fo rk lift op e ra to rs m ay be 50 percent m ore than the a verage fo r ja n itors becau se the average fo r fork lift operators m ay be stron gly influenced by earnings in h igh -w age establishm ents while the average fo r ja n itors m ay be stron gly influenced by earnings in low -w age establish m en ts. In such a c a s e, the in tra-establish m en t relationship w ill in dicate a m uch sm a lle r d iffe ren ce in earn ings. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Tabulations on selected establishm ent p ra ctices and supplem entary wage p rovision s (B -s e r ie s tables) are not presen ted in this bulletin. In form a tion fo r these tabulations is co lle c te d at 3 -y e a r in tervals. T h ese tabulations on m inim um entrance salaries for in exp erien ced o ffice w o rk e rs; shift d iffe r en tials; scheduled w eekly hours and days; paid h olid ays; paid vaca tion s; and health, in su ran ce, and pension plans a re p resen ted (in the B -s e r ie s ta bles) in p reviou s bulletins for this area.

27 Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied, Miam i, Fla.,1October 1979 In d u s try d iv is io n 2 M in im u m em ploym en t in e s ta b lis h - m ents in scope of study Num ber of establishm ents W ith in scope of study 3 Studied W orkers in establishm ents W ith in scope o f s tu d y 4 Num ber Percen t Studied A LL ESTABLISHM ENTS A LL INDUSTRY D IV IS IO N S MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING TRANSPORTATION* COMMUNICATION. AND OTHER P U B LIC U T I L I T I E S WHOLESALE TRADE R E T A IL TRAD E FIN A N C E. INSURANCE. AND REAL E S T A T E S E R V IC E S LARGE ESTABLISHM ENTS ALL INDUSTRY D IV IS IO N S MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING TRANSPORTATION. COMMUNICATION. AND OTHER P U B LIC U T I L I T I E S WHOLESALE TRADE R E T A IL TRADE FIN A N C E. INSURANCE. AND REAL E S T A T E SERVICES T h e M ia m i S ta n d a rd M e tro p o lita n S t a tis tic a l A re a, as d e fin ed by the O ffic e o f M a n a g e m e n t and B u d g et th rough F e b r u a r y 1974, c o n s is ts o f D ade County. T h e " w o r k e r s w it h in sco p e o f study" e stim a te s p ro v id e a rea so n a b ly a c c u ra te d e s c r ip t io n o f the s iz e and c o m p o s itio n o f the la b o r fo r c e in clu d ed in the su rv e y. E s t im a te s a r e n o t in tended, h o w ev er, fo r c o m p a ris o n w ith o th er s t a t is t ic a l s e r ie s to m e a s u re em ploym ent trends, or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires establishm e n t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e ra b ly in advance o f the p a y ro ll p e rio d stu died, and (2) sm a ll establishm ents are excluded fro m the scope of the survey. 2 T h e 1972 e d itio n o f the Standard In d u s tria l C la s s ific a t io n M a n u a l w as used in c la s s ify in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts by in d u s try d iv is io n. A l l g o v e rn m e n t o p e ra tio n s a re excluded fro m the scope of the survey. 3 In c lu d e s a l l e sta b lis h m e n ts w ith to ta l e m ploym en t at o r above the m in im u m lim itation. A ll outlets (w ithin the area) of companies in industries such as trade, fin a n ce, auto r e p a ir s e rv ic e, and m o tio n p ic tu re th e a te rs a re c o n s id e re d as one establishm ent. 4 Includes a l l w o rk e r s in a l l e sta b lis h m e n ts w ith to ta l em p loym en t (w ith in the area) at o r above the m in im u m lim ita tio n. 5 A b b re v ia te d to " p u b lic u t ilit ie s " in the A - s e r ie s ta b le s. T a x ic a b s and s e rv ic e s in c id e n ta l to w a te r tra n s p o rta tio n a re exclu ded. M ia m i' s t r a n s it sy stem is m u nicipally operated and is excluded by definition fro m the scope of the study. 6 S eparate data fo r th is d iv is io n a re not p re se n te d in the A - s e r ie s ta b le s, but the divisio n is represented in the " a ll industries " and "nonm anufacturing" estim ates. 7 Hotels and m otels; laundries and other personal services ; business se rv ic e s ; au tom ob ile r e p a ir, ren ta l, and p a rk in g ; m o tio n p ic tu re s ; n o n p ro fit m e m b e rs h ip o rg a n iz a tio n s (e x clu d in g r e lig io u s and c h a rita b le o rg a n iz a tio n s ); and e n g in ee rin g and a r c h it e c t u r a l s e rv ic e s. 25

28

29 Appendix B. Occupational The p rim a ry p u rpose o f preparing job descriptions for the Bur e a u 's wage su rv e y s is to a s s is t its fie ld rep resen tatives in cla ssify in g into ap p rop ria te occu p ation s w o rk e rs who are em ployed under a v ariety o f p a y ro ll title s and d ifferen t w ork arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishm ent and fr o m a rea to area. This perm its grouping occupational w age ra tes rep resen tin g com pa ra ble job content. B ecause of- this em ph asis on in terestablish m en t and in terarea com parability o f occu pation al content, the B u reau 's jo b d e scrip tion s m ay d iffer sign ifican tly fr o m th ose in use in individual estab lish m en ts or th ose p rep ared for other p u rp oses. In applying th ese jo b d e s cr ip tio n s, the B u reau 's field rep resen tatives a re in stru cted to exclu d e w orking su p e rv iso rs; appren tices; and p a rttim e, te m p o ra ry, and p roba tion ary w o rk e rs. Handicapped w o rk e rs w hose earn ings are red u ced b e ca u se o f th eir handicap are also exclu ded. L e a r n e rs, b e g in n e rs, and tra in e e s, unless sp e cifica lly included in the jo b d e s crip tio n s, are exclu d ed. Office SE C R E T A R Y A ssig n e d as a p e rson a l se c r e ta r y, n orm ally to one individual. M aintains a c lo s e and highly r e sp o n siv e relationsh ip to the d a y-to-d a y activities o f the s u p e r v is o r. W ork s fa irly independently receiv in g a m inim um o f detailed su p e rv isio n and guidance. P e r fo r m s v a ried c le r ic a l and s e c r e ta r ia l duties requ irin g a know ledge o f o ffic e routine and understanding o f the orga n ization, p r o g r a m s, and p r o ce d u r e s rela te d to the w ork o f the su p e rv iso r. E x clu s io n s. Not all p o sition s that are titled "s e c r e ta r y " p o s s e s s the above c h a r a c te r is tic s. E xam ples o f p osition s w hich are exclu ded fr o m the definition are as fo llo w s : a. P o sitio n s w hich do not m eet the "p e rson a l" se c r e ta r y concept d e s cr ib e d above; b. S ten ograph ers not fully trained in secreta ria l-ty p e duties; c. S tenograph ers servin g as office assistants to a group of p r o fe s s io n a l, te ch n ica l, o r m anagerial p erson s; d. A ssista n t-ty p e p osition s w hich entail m ore d ifficu lt o r m ore r e sp o n sib le te ch n ica l, ad m in istrative, or su p e rv isory duties w hich are not ty p ic a l o f s e c r e ta r ia l w ork, e.g., A dm inistrative A ssista n t, o r E xecu tive A ssistant: SE CRE TARY Continued E xclusion s Continued e. P osition s w hich do not fit any o f the situations listed in the section s below titled "L e v e l o f S u p erv isor, " e.g., se creta ry to the president of a com pany that em p loys, in all, over 5,000 person s; f. T ra in e e s. C la ssifica tion by L evel S e creta ry job s w hich m eet the re q u ire d ch a ra cte ristics are m atched at one o f five le v e ls a ccord in g to (a) the le v e l o f the s e c r e ta r y 's su p ervisor within the com p any's organizational stru ctu re and, (b) the lev el of the s e c r e ta r y 's re sp o n sib ility. The tabulation follow in g the explanations o f these tw o fa cto rs in dicates the le v e l o f the se c r e ta r y fo r each com bination of the fa cto rs. L evel o f S e c r e ta r y 's S u pervisor (LS) LS 1 a. S e creta ry to the su p ervisor or head o f a sm all organizational unit (e.g., few er than about 25 or 30 p erson s); or

30 S E C R E T A R Y C on tin u ed C la s s ific a t io n b y L e v e l- C on tin u ed b. S e creta ry to a n on su p erv isory staff sp e cia list, p rofe ssio n a l em p loyee, ad m in istrative o ffic e r o r assistant, sk illed technician o r expert. (NOTE: Many com panies assign sten ographers, rather than se c r e ta r ie s as d e scrib e d above, to this le v e l of su p e rv isory o r n on su p erv isory w ork er.) LS-2 a. S ecreta ry to an execu tive or m anagerial p erson w hose respon sib ility is not equivalent to one of the s p e cific le v e l situations in the definition fo r L S -3, but w hose organization al unit n orm ally num bers at lea st se v e ra l dozen em p loyees and is usually divided into organization al segm ents w hich are often, in turn, fu rther subdivided. In som e com p anies, this le v e l includes a w ide range of organizational ech elon s; in oth ers, only one or two; or L S-3 b. S e creta ry to the head o f an individual plant, fa cto ry, e tc., (o r ocher equivalent level o f o fficia l) that em p loys, in all, few er than 5, 000 p erson s. a. S e creta ry to the chairm an of the board or presid en t o f a com pany that em p loys, in all, few er than 100 p erson s; or b. S e creta ry to a corp o ra te o ffic e r (oth er than chairm an o f the board o r presid ent) o f a com pany that em p loys, in all, o v e r 100 but few er than 5,0 00 p erson s; or S E C R E T A R Y C ontinued C la s s ific a t io n by L e v e l C ontinued p osition s. V ice presid ents w hose p rim a ry resp o n sib ility is to act p erson a lly on individual cases or transactions (e.g., ap prove or deny individual loan or cre d it action s; adm inister individual tru st accou n ts; d irectly su p ervise a c le r ic a l staff) are not con sid ered to be "c o r p o r a te o ffic e r s " fo r p u rposes of applying the definition. L evel of S ecreta ry 's.responsibility (LR) This factor evaluates the nature o f the w ork relationsh ip betw een the se c r e ta r y and the su p ervisor, and the extent to w hich the se c r e ta r y is expected to e x e rc ise initiative and judgm ent. S e creta rie s should be m atched at LR 1 or LR 2 d e scrib e d below accord in g to their le v e l of respon sibility. LR 1. P e rfo rm s varied s e c r e ta r ia l duties including or com p a ra ble to m ost of the follow ing: a. A nsw ers telephones, g reets p e rson a l c a lle r s, and opens in com ing m ail. L S -4 c. S e creta ry to the head (im m ed ia tely below the o ffic e r lev el) ov er either a m a jo r corp ora tew id e functional activity (e.g., m arketing, r e s e a r c h, op eration s, industrial rela tion s, e tc.) o r a m a jo r geograph ic o r organizational segm ent (e.g., a region al headquarte r s ; a m a jo r d ivision ) o f a com pany that e m p loys, in all, ov er 5,000 but few er than 25,0 0 0 em p loyees; or d. S e creta ry to the head o f an individual plant, fa cto ry, e tc., (or other equivalent le v e l o f o fficia l) that em p loys, in all, ov er 5,000 p erson s; or e. S e creta ry to the head of a la rg e and im portant organizational segm ent (e.g., a m iddle m anagem ent su p ervisor of an organ i zational segm ent often involving as m any as sev e ra l hundred p e rso n s) o f a com pany that em p loys, in all, o v e r 2 5,0 0 0 p e rson s. a. S e creta ry to the chairm an o f the board o f p resid en t o f a com pany that em p loys, in all, ov er 100 but few er than 5,000 p erson s; or b. A nsw ers telephone requ ests w hich have standard answ ers. May reply to requests by sending a fo r m letter. c. Review s corresp on d en ce, m em oranda, and rep orts p rep ared by others fo r the su p e rv iso r' s signature to en su re p roce d u ra l and typographical accu racy. d. Maintains su p ervisor' s calen dar and m akes appointm ents as instructed. e. Types, takes and tra n scrib es dictation, and files. LR 2. P e rfo rm s duties d e s crib e d under LR 1 and, in addition perform s tasks requiring grea ter judgm ent, in itiative, and know l edge of o ffice functions including or com p a ra ble to m ost of the follow ing: b. S e creta ry to a corp o ra te o ffic e r (oth er than the chairm an o f the board o r p resid en t) o f a com pany that em p loys, in all, o v e r 5,0 00 but few er than 2 5,000 p erson s; or c. S e creta ry to the head, im m ed iately below the corp o ra te o ffic e r le v e l, o f a m a jo r segm ent or su bsid iary o f a com pany that em ploys, in all, ov er 2 5,000 p erson s. N O TE; The term "co r p o ra te o ffic e r " used in the above LS definition r e fe rs to those o ffic ia ls who have a sign ifican t corp o ra te w id e policym aking role with rega rd to m a jo r com pany a ctiv itie s. The title "v ic e presid en t, " though n orm ally indicative o f this role, does not in all ca ses identify such a. Screens telephone and p e rson a l c a lle r s, determ ining w hich can be handled by the s u p e rv isor' s subordinates or other offices. b. Answ ers requests w hich req u ire a detailed know ledge of o f fic e p roced u res or co lle c tio n o f in form ation fr o m file s or other o ffice s. May sign routine corresp o n d e n ce in own or s u p e r v is o r 's name. c. C om piles or assists in com p ilin g p e rio d ic rep orts on the basis of general instructions. 28

31 S EC R E T A R Y C on tin u ed d. Schedules tentative appointments without p r io r cle a ra n ce. As - sem b les n e c e s s a r y background m aterial for scheduled m eetings. M akes arran gem ents for m eetings and con feren ces. S T E N O G R A H H E R C on tin ued Stenographer, G en eral. D ictation involves a n orm al routine vocabulary. May m aintain file s, keep sim ple r e co r d s, or p e rfo rm other relatively routine c le r ic a l tasks. e. E xplains s u p e r v is o r 's requirem ents to other em p loyees in su p e r v is o r ' s unit. (A lso types, takes dictation, and file s.) The follow in g tabulation shows the le v e l of the se creta ry fo r each LS and LR com bination. L e v e l o f s e c r e ta r y ' s su p e rv iso r L evel of s e c r e ta r y 's resp on sib ility LR 1 LR 2 LS 1 C lass E C lass D TS 2 C lass D C lass C LS 3 C lass C C lass B LS 4 C lass B C lass A STENOGRAPH ER P rim a ry duty is to take dictation using shorthand, and to tra n s c r ib e the dictation. M ay also type fro m w ritten copy. May operate fro m a sten ograph ic p ool. M ay o c ca sio n a lly tra n scrib e from v o ice reco rd in g s (if p rim a ry duty is tra n scrib in g fro m re co rd in g s, see T ran scribin g-m ach in e T ypist). NOTE: This job is distinguished fro m that of a secreta ry in that a s e c r e ta r y n o rm a lly w ork s in a confid ential relationship with only one m anager or execu tive and p e r fo rm s m ore resp on sib le and d iscretio n a ry tasks as d e s cr ib e d in the s e c r e ta r y jo b definition. Stenographer, S en ior. D ictation involves a varied technical or sp e cia lized v oca b u la ry such as in le g a l b r ie fs or rep orts on scien tific research. May a lso set up and m aintain file s, keep re co rd s, etc. OR P e r fo rm s stenograph ic duties requiring significantly grea ter in dependence and r e sp o n sib ility than stenographer, general, as evidenced by the follow in g : W ork req u ires a high degree of stenographic speed and a ccu ra cy ; a through w orking know ledge o f gen eral business and o ffice p roce d u re; and of the s p e cific busin ess op eration s, organization, p o licie s, p roce d u res, file s, w ork flow, etc. U ses this know ledge in perform in g stenographic duties and resp o n sib le c le r ic a l tasks such as maintaining follow up file s ; assem bling m a te ria l fo r rep o rts, m em oranda, and le tters; com posing sim p le letters fr o m g en era l in stru ctio n s; reading and routing incom ing m a il; and answ ering routine qu estion s, etc. TRANSCRIBING-M ACHINE TYPIST P rim a ry duty is to type cop y of v o ice reco rd e d dictation which does not involve v aried tech n ical or sp e cia lized vocabu lary such as that used in legal b rie fs or rep orts on scien tific research. May also type fro m w ritten copy. May m aintain file s, keep sim p le re co rd s, or p e rfo rm other relatively routine c le r ic a l tasks. (See Stenographer definition fo r w ork ers involved with shorthand dictation.) TYPIST U ses a typew riter to m ake cop ie s o f variou s m aterials or to make out b ills after calcu lation s have been m ade by another person. May include typing of sten cils, m ats, or sim ila r m aterials fo r use in duplicating p r o c e s s e s. M ay do c le r ic a l w ork involving little sp e cia l training, such as keeping sim ple r e co r d s, filing re co rd s and rep orts, or sorting and distributing incom ing m ail. C lass A. P e rfo rm s one or m ore o f the follow in g: Typing m aterial in fin al fo rm when it involves com bining m a terial fro m severa l so u rce s; or resp on sib ility fo r c o r r e c t spelling, syllabication, punctuation, etc., of tech n ical or unusual w ords or foreign language m a terial; or planning la y out and typing o f com p lica ted statistica l tables to maintain uniform ity and balance in spacing. M ay type routine fo rm lette rs, varying details to suit circu m sta n ce s. C lass B. P e r fo rm s one or m o re o f the follow in g: Copy typing from rough or c le a r d ra fts; or routine typing o f fo rm s, in su ran ce p o licie s, e tc.; o r setting up sim p le standard tabulations; or copying m ore com p lex tables already set up and spaced prop erly. FILE CLERK F ile s, c la s s ifie s, and re trie v e s m a teria l in an established filing system. M ay p e r fo rm c le r ic a l and manual tasks requ ired to maintain file s. P osition s are c la s sifie d into lev els on the ba sis of the follow ing definitions. C lass A. C la ssifie s and indexes file m aterial such as co rresp on d en ce, reports, tech n ical docum ents, etc., in an established filing system containing a num ber o f v a ried su bject m atter file s. M ay also file this m aterial. May keep r e co r d s of variou s types in conjunction with the file s. May lead a sm all group of low er lev el file clerk s. C lass B. S orts, cod es, and file s u n classified m aterial by sim ple (su b je ct m atter) headings o r p artly c la s s ifie d m aterial by fin er subheadings. P rep a res sim p le related index and c r o s s -r e fe r e n c e aids. As requested, loca tes c le a r ly identified m a teria l in file s and forw a rd s m aterial. May p e rfo rm related c le r ic a l tasks requ ired to m aintain and se rv ice files.

32 F IL E C L E R K C on tin u ed C lass C. P e r fo rm s routine filin g o f m a te ria l that has already been c la s sifie d o r w hich is e a sily c la s s ifie d in a sim p le se r ia l cla s sifica tio n system (e.g., alphabetical, ch ron o lo g ica l, o r n u m erica l). As requ ested, locates readily available m a teria l in file s and forw a rd s m a teria l; and m ay fill out w ithdraw al ch a rg e. M ay p e rfo rm sim p le c le r ic a l and manual tasks requ ired to m aintain and s e r v ic e file s. MESSENGER P e r fo rm s variou s routine duties such as running erra n d s, operating m in or o ffic e m ach in es such as sea le rs o r m a ile r s, opening and distributing m a il, and other m in or c le r ic a l w ork. E xclude p osition s that requ ire operation o f a m otor veh icle as a sign ifican t duty. SWITCHBOARD O PERA TO R O perates a telephone sw itch board o r con sole used with a private branch exchange (P B X ) system to rela y in com ing, outgoing, and in trasystem c a lls. M ay p rovid e in form ation to c a lle r s, re co r d and tran sm it m e s sa g e s, keep r e c o r d o f ca lls p laced and toll ch a rg e s. B esid es operating a telephone sw itchboard o r con s o le, m ay also type o r p e rfo rm routine c le r ic a l w ork (typing or routine c le r ic a l w ork m ay occu p y the m a jo r portion of the w o rk e r 's tim e, and is usu ally p erfo rm e d w hile at the sw itchboard o r c o n s o le ). C hief o r lead o p e ra to rs in establishm ents em ploying m o re than one o p era tor are exclu ded. F o r an op era tor who also acts as a rece p tion ist, see Sw itchboard O p e ra to r-r e cep tio n ist. SWITCHBOARD OPERA TO R-RE CEPTIO N IST At a sin g le -p o sitio n telephone sw itch board o r con s o le, acts both as an operator see Sw itchboard O perator and as a recep tion ist. R ecep tio n ist's w ork in volves such duties as greetin g v is ito rs ; determ ining nature o f v is it o r 's bu sin ess and providin g ap propriate in form ation; re fe rrin g v isitor to appropriate p erson in the organization or contacting that person by telephone and arranging an appointment; keeping a log o f v isito rs. ORDER CLERK R e c e iv e s w ritten o r v erb a l cu s to m e r s ' p u rch ase o r d e rs fo r m a teria l o r m erch a n d ise from cu stom ers o r sa les p eop le. W ork ty p ically involves som e com bination o f the follow in g duties: Quoting p r ic e s ; determ ining availability o f o rd e re d item s and suggesting substitutes when n e ce ssa ry ; advising expected d e liv e ry date and m ethod o f d e liv e ry ; record in g o r d e r and cu stom er in form ation on o r d e r sh eets; checking o r d e r sheets fo r a ccu ra cy and adequacy o f in form ation r e cord e d ; ascertain in g cre d it rating of cu stom er; furnishing cu stom er with acknow ledgem ent of r e ce ip t o f o r d e r ; follow in g up to see that o r d e r is d eliv e red by the sp e cifie d date o r to let cu stom er know o f a delay in d e liv e ry ; m aintaining o r d e r file ; checking shipping in voice against orig in a l o r d e r. E xclude w ork ers paid on a com m ission basis o r w hose duties include any o f the fo llow in g : R eceiv in g o r d e rs fo r s e r v ic e s rather than fo r m a terial o r m erch a n d ise; providing cu sto m e rs with consultative advice using knowledge gained from engineering o r exten sive tech nical training; em phasizing sellin g sk ills; handling m a te ria l o r m erch a n d ise as an integral part of the jo b. O R D E R C L E R K C ontinued P osition s are cla ssifie d into le v e ls accord in g to the follow in g definitions: C lass A. Handles o rd e rs that involve m aking judgm ents such as choosin g which sp e cific product o r m a te ria l from the establish m en t's product lin es w ill satisfy the cu sto m e r's needs, o r determ ining the p rice to be quoted when p ricin g involves m ore than m e r e ly re fe rr in g to a p r ic e lis t o r m aking som e sim ple m athem atical calculations. Class B. Handles ord e rs involving item s which have readily iden tified uses and applications. May r e fe r to a catalog, m a n u factu rer's m anual, o r sim ila r docum ent to insure that p rop e r item is supplied o r to v e rify p rice o f ordered item. ACCOUNTING CLERK P e rfo rm s one or m o re accounting c le r ic a l tasks such as posting to reg isters and led g ers; recon cilin g bank accounts; verifyin g the internal consisten cy, com p leten ess, and m ath em atical a ccu ra cy of accounting docum ents; assigning p rescrib e d accounting d istribu tion co d e s; exam ining and v erifyin g fo r c le r ic a l accu ra cy various types o f reports, lis ts, calcu lation s, posting, etc.; o r preparing sim ple or assisting in preparin g m o r e com p lica ted jou rnal v ou ch ers. May w ork in either a m anual or automated accounting system. The w ork requ ires a know ledge o f c le r ic a l m ethods and o ffic e p ra c tice s and proced u res which relates to the c le r ic a l p r o ce s sin g and record in g o f transactions and accounting in form ation. With ex p e rie n ce, the w ork er ty p ically becom es fam ilia r with the bookkeeping and accounting term s and p roce d u res used in-the assigned w ork, but is not requ ired to have a know ledge o f the form al prin ciples of bookkeeping and accounting. P osition s are cla ssifie d into le v e ls on the basis o f the followingdefin itions: C lass A. Under general su p ervision, p e r fo rm s accounting c le r ic a l operations which requ ire the application of ex p erien ce and judgm ent, fo r exam ple, cle rica lly p roce ssin g com p lica ted o r n onrepetitive accounting tran saction s, selecting among a substantial v ariety o f p re s c rib e d accounting cod es and cla ssifica tion s, or tracin g tran saction s through previous accounting actions to determ ine sou rce o f d is cr e p a n c ie s. M ay be a ssisted by one or m ore cla ss B accounting c le rk s. C lass B. Under c lo se su p ervision, follow in g detailed in stru ction s and standardized p roced u res, p erform s one o r m o re routine accounting c le r ica l operations, such as posting to le d g e r s, c a rd s, o r w ork sh eets w here identification o f item s and loca tion s of postin gs are c le a r ly indicated; checking accu racy and com p leten ess o f standardized and rep etitive reco rd s o r accounting docum ents; and coding docum ents using a few p r e scrib e d accounting cod es. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE O PERA TO R O perates a bookkeeping m achine (with o r without a typew riter keyboard) to keep a record of business tran saction s. C lass A. K eeps a set o f r e co r d s requ iring a know ledge o f and ex p erien ce in b a sic bookkeeping p rin cip le s, and fa m ilia rity with the stru ctu re o f the p articu lar accounting system u sed. D eterm in es p rop e r r e co r d s and distribu tion o f debit and cre d it item s to be used in each phase of the w ork. M ay prepare consolidated rep orts, balance sh eets, and other re co r d s by hand.

33 B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R C ontinued C lass B. K eeps a r e c o r d of one or m ore phases or section s o f a set of r e c o r d s u su ally requ irin g little knowledge of b a sic bookkeeping. P h ases or se ctio n s in clude accounts payable, p a yroll, c u s to m e r s ' accounts (not including a sim p le type of billin g d e scrib e d under m achine b ille r ), cost d istribu tion, expense distribu tion, inventory con trol, etc. M ay ch eck or a s s is t in p rep aration o f tr ia l balances and p rep are con trol sheets fo r the accounting departm ent. M ACHINE B IL L E R P rep a res statem en ts, b ills, and in voices on a m achine other than an ord in a ry o r e le c tr o m a tic ty p ew riter. May a lso keep r e c o r d s as to billin gs o r shipping ch a rg e s or p e r fo r m other c le r ic a l w ork incidental to billin g op era tion s. F o r w age study p u rp oses, m achine b ille rs a re c la s s ifie d by type o f m a ch in e, as fo llo w s : B illin g -m a ch in e b ille r. U ses a sp ecia l billing m acnine (com bination typing and adding m ach in e) to p rep are bills and in voices fr o m c u s to m e r s' p u rch ase o r d e r s, in tern a lly p rep ared o r d e rs, shipping m em oranda, etc. U sually in volves ap p lication of p red eterm in ed discounts and shipping ch arges and entry of n e ce s s a r y ex ten sion s, w hich m ay or may not be com puted on the billin g m a ch in e, and totals w hich are autom atically accum ulated by m ach in e. The op era tion u su ally in volves a la rg e num ber of, carbon cop ies of the b ill being p rep a red and is often done on a fanfold m achine. B ook k eep in g -m ach in e b ille r. U ses a bookkeeping m achine (with or w ithout a ty p ew riter k eyboard) to p rep are cu sto m e rs' b ills as part of the accou n ts re ce iv a b le operation. G enerally involves the sim ultaneous entry of figures on cu s to m e rs' le d g e r record. The m achine au tom atically accu m u la tes fig u res on a num ber of v e rtica l colum ns and com putes and u su ally p rin ts a u tom atica lly the debit or cre d it balances. D oes not in volve a know ledge of bookkeeping. W orks from uniform and standard types of sales and c re d it slip s. P A Y R O L L C L E R K P e r fo r m s the c le r ic a l tasks n e ce ssa ry to p roce s s p a y rolls and to m aintain p a y roll r e c o r d s. W ork involves m ost of the fo llow in g : P roce s sin g w o r k e r s ' tim e or p rod u ction r e c o r d s ; adjusting w o rk e rs' re co r d s fo r changes in w age ra te s, su pplem en tary ben efits, or tax deductions; editing p a yroll listin g s against so u r ce r e c o r d s ; tracin g and co rrectin g e r r o r s in listin g s; and a ssistin g in p rep a ra tion of p e rio d ic sum m ary payroll re p o rts. In a nonautom ated p a y roll sy ste m, com putes w ages. W ork may requ ire a p ra ctica l know ledge o f govern m en tal regu lation s, com pany p a yroll p o licy, or the com p u ter sy ste m fo r p r o ce s s in g p a yrolls. KEY EN TRY O P E R A T O R O perates k e y b o a rd -con tro lle d data entry device such as keypunch m ach in e or k e y -o p e ra te d m agn etic tape or disk en coder to tra n scrib e data into a fo r m suitable fo r com puter p roce ssin g. W ork re q u ire s sk ill in operating an alphanum eric keyboard and an understanding o f tra n scrib in g p roced u res and relevant data entry equipment. P osition s a re c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the basis o f the follow in g d e fin itio n s: C lass A. W orks re q u ire s the application of experien ce and judgm ent in selectin g p r o ce d u res to be follow ed and in searching fo r, in terp retin g, se le ctin g, or codin g item s to be entered fr o m a variety of so u rce docum ents. On o c ca s io n m ay a lso p e r fo r m routine w ork as d e scrib e d fo r cla s s B. K E Y E N T R Y O P E R A T O R C on tin ued NO TE: E xcluded are operators above cla ss A using the key entry con trols to a c c e s s, read, and evaluate the substance of sp e cific re co rd s to take substantive a ction s, or to m ake en tries requ iring a sim ilar lev el of knowledge. C lass B. W ork is routine and repetitive. Under c lo se su pervision or follow ing sp e cific p roce d u res or detailed in stru ction s, w orks from variou s standardized sou rce docum ents w hich have been coded and require little or no selectin g, cod in g, or in terpretin g of data to be entered. R efers to su p e rv iso r p roblem s arisin g fr o m erron eou s ite m s, co d e s, or m issing inform ation. Professional and Technical COM PUTER SYSTEMS AN ALYST, BUSINESS A nalyzes bu siness p roblem s to form u late p roced u res fo r solving them by use of e le ctron ic data p ro ce ssin g equipm ent. D evelops a com plete d e scrip tio n of a ll sp ecifica tion s needed to enable p rogra m m ers to prepare requ ired digital com pu ter p rogra m s. W ork in volves m ost of the follow ing: A n alyzes su b ject-m a tter operations to be autom ated and identifies conditions and c rite ria requ ired to ach ieve sa tisfa cto ry resu lts; sp ecifies number and types of r e c o r d s, file s, and. docum ents to be used; outlines actions to be p erfo rm e d by p erson n el and com puters in su fficien t detail for presentation to m anagem ent and fo r p rogram m in g (ty p ically this in volves preparation of w ork and data flow ch a rts); coord in ates the developm ent of test problem s and p articip ates in tria l runs of new and re v ised sy stem s; and recom m ends equipm ent changes to obtain m ore effectiv e ov e ra ll operations. (NOTE: W orkers perform in g both system s analysis and program m ing should be c la s sified as system s analysts if this is the sk ill used to determ ine their pay.) D oes not include em ployees p rim a rily respon sib le for the m anagement or su pervision of other electron ic data p rocessin g em ployees, or s y s tem s analysts p rim a rily con cern ed with scien tific or engineering problem s. fo llo w s : F or wage study p u rp oses, system s analysts are cla ssified as C lass A. W orks independently or under only general d irection on com p lex p roblem s involving a ll phases of system s an alysis. P roblem s are com p lex becau se o f d iv e rse sou rce s of input data and m u ltip le-u se re q u ire m ents o f output data. (F o r exam ple, develops an integrated production scheduling, inventory co n tro l, cost an a lysis, and sales analysis r e co rd in w hich e v e ry item of each type is autom atically p r o ce s se d through the full sy stem of r e co r d s and appropriate follow up actions are initiated by the com p u ter.) C on fers with p erson s con cern ed to determ ine the data p rocessin g p roblem s and ad vises su b ject-m a tter p erson n el on the im plications of new or re v ised system s of data p ro ce ssin g operations. M akes recom m endations, if needed, fo r ap proval of m a jo r system s in stallations or changes and for obtaining equipm ent. M ay p rovid e functional d irectio n to lo w e r le v e l system s analysts who are assign ed to a ssist. C lass B. W orks independently or under only general d irection on p roblem s that are rela tively u n com plicated to an alyze, plan, p rogram, and operate. P roblem s a re o f lim ited com p lex ity becau se sou rces of input data are hom ogeneous and the output data a re c lo s e ly related. (F or exam ple, 31

34 C O M P U T E R SY S T E M S A N A L Y S T, BUSINESS C on tin ued develops system s fo r m aintaining d ep ositor accounts in a bank, m aintaining accounts rece iv a b le in a retail establishm ent, o r m aintaining inventory accounts in a m anufacturing o r w holesale establishm ent.) C onfers with p ersons con cern ed to d eterm in e the data p ro ce s sin g p roblem s and advises su b ject-m a tter p erson n el on the im plications o f the data p roce ssin g system s to be applied. OR W orks on a segm ent o f a com p lex data p ro ce ssin g sch em e or system, as d escrib ed fo r cla ss A. W orks independently on routine assignm ents and r e ce iv e s in stru ction and guidance on com p lex assign m en ts. W ork is review ed fo r a ccu ra cy of judgm ent, com p lian ce with in stru ction s, and to insure p rop er alignm ent with the ov era ll system. C lass C. W orks under im m ediate su pervision, carryin g out analyses as assign ed, u sually o f a single activity. A ssign m en ts are designed to develop and expand p ra ctica l ex p erien ce in the application o f p roced u res and skills requ ired fo r system s analysis w ork. F o r exam ple, m ay a ssist a higher level sy stem s analyst by p reparin g the detailed sp ecifica tion s requ ired by p rogra m m ers from inform ation developed by the higher lev el analyst. COMPUTER PROGRAM M ER, BUSINESS C on verts statem ents o f busin ess p rob le m s, typically prep ared by a system s analyst, into a sequence of detailed in stru ction s w hich are requ ired to solve the p roblem s by autom atic data p roce s sin g equipm ent. W orking from charts o r d ia gram s, the p ro g ra m m e r d evelop s the p r e c is e in structions w hich, when entered into the com pu ter system in coded language, cause the m anipulation of data to achieve d e s ire d resu lts. W ork involves m o st o f the follow in g: A pplies knowledge of com puter capa bilities, m ath em atics, log ic em ployed by com p u ters, and p a rticu la r su bject m atter involved to analyze charts and diagram s o f the p roblem to be p rogram m ed ; develops sequence of p rogram steps; w rites detailed flow charts to show o r d e r in which data w ill be p r o ce s se d ; con v erts these charts to coded in structions fo r m achine to follow ; tests and c o r r e c t s p rogra m s; p rep a res in stru ction s fo r operating p erson n el during production run; an alyzes, review s, and alters p rogram s to in crease operating efficie n cy or adapt to new requ irem en ts; m aintains r e cord s of p rogram developm ent and re v is io n s. (NOTE: W ork ers perform in g both system s analysis and p rogram m in g should be c la s sifie d as system s analysts if this is the sk ill used to determ ine th eir pay.) D oes not include em ployees p rim a rily resp on sib le for the m anagem ent or su pervision of other e lectron ic data p rocessin g em p loyees, or p ro gram m ers p rim a rily con cern ed with scien tific a n d /or engineering p rob lem s. F or wage study p u rp oses, p rog ra m m ers are cla ssified as follow s: C lass A. W orks independently or under only general d irection on com p lex p roblem s w hich requ ire com p eten ce in all phases o f program m in g concepts and p r a c tic e s. W orking from diagram s and charts w hich identify the nature o f d e s ire d resu lts, m a jo r p ro ce s sin g steps to be accom p lish ed, and the relationsh ips betw een various steps o f the p roblem solving routine; plans the full range of p rogram m in g actions needed to e fficien tly u tilize the com puter system in achieving d esired end prod u cts. C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R, BUSINESS C on tin ued At this lev el, program m ing is d ifficu lt becau se com puter equipm ent m ust be organized to produce sev e ra l in terrela ted but d iv erse products fro m num erous and d iv erse data elem ents. A w ide v a riety and exten sive num ber of internal p rocessin g actions m ust o c cu r. This req u ires such actions as developm ent of com m on operations w hich can be reu sed, establishm ent of linkage points between operations, adjustm ents to data when p rogram r e quirem ents exceed com puter storage capacity, and substantial m anipulation and resequencing of data elem ents to fo r m a highly integrated program. May provide functional d ire ctio n to lo w e r le v e l p ro g ra m m e rs who are assigned to assist. Class B. W orks independently or under only g en eral d irectio n on rela tively sim ple p rogram s, or on sim p le segm ents o f com p lex p rogra m s. P rogra m s (or segm ents) usually p r o c e s s in form ation to produce data in two or three varied sequences or form ats. R ep orts and listings are produced by refining, adapting, arraying, or making m in or additions to or deletions fro m input data which are readily available. W hile num erous r e co r d s m ay be p r o ce s s e d, the data have been refin ed in p r io r actions so that the a ccu ra cy and sequencing of data can be tested by using a few routine ch eck s. T y p ica lly, the program deals with routine record k eep in g operations. OR W orks on com plex p rogram s (as d e s crib e d fo r c la s s A ) under c lo s e d irectio n of a higher level p rogra m m er o r su p erv isor. M ay a s sist higher le v e l program m er by independently p erform in g le s s d ifficu lt tasks assign ed, and perform ing m ore difficult tasks under fa irly c lo s e direction. May guide or instruct low er le v e l p rogra m m e rs. Class C. Makes p ra ctica l applications of p rogram m in g p ra ctices and concepts usually learned in fo r m a l training c o u r se s. A ssignm ents are design ed to develop com petence in the application of standard p roced u res to routine problem s. R eceives c lo s e su pervision on new aspects of a ssig n m en ts; and w ork is review ed to v e r ify its a ccu ra cy and con form a n ce with requ ired procedu res. COM PUTER OPERATOR In accord a n ce with operating in stru ction s, m on itors and operates the co n tro l con sole of a digital com pu ter to p r o c e s s data. E xecutes runs by either seria l p rocessin g (p r o ce s se s one p rogra m at a tim e) or m u ltip roce s sin g (p roce s se s two or m ore p rogram s sim ultaneously). The follow ing duties ch a ra cterize the w ork of a com pu ter operator: - Studies operating in stru ction s to determ ine equipm ent setup needed. - Loads equipment with requ ired item s (tapes, c a r d s, d isk s, paper, etc.). - Switches n ecessa ry au xilliary equipm ent into system. - Starts and operates com pu ter. - Responds to operating and com pu ter output instructions. - Review s e r r o r m essa ges and m akes c o rr e ctio n s during operation or refers problem s. - Maintains operating re co rd.

35 C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R C on tin u ed May te s t-r u n new or m od ified p rogram s. May a ssist in m odifying system s or p rogra m s. The scop e of this definition includes trainees w orking to b e com e fu lly qualified com puter op era tors, fully qualified com puter o p e ra to rs, and lead op e ra to rs providing tech nical assistance to low er level op era tors. It exclu des w ork ers who m onitor and operate rem ote term inals. C lass A. In addition to w ork assignm ents d escribed fo r a c la s s B op era tor (see below ) the w ork of a cla ss A operator involves at lea st one o f the follow in g: - D eviates fr o m standard p rocedu res to avoid the loss of in fo r m ation or to co n serv e com puter tim e even though the p roced u res applied m a teria lly alter the com puter unit's production plans. - T ests new p ro g ra m s, applications, and procedu res. - A d v ises p rogra m m e rs and su bject-m a tter experts on setup te ch n iq u e s. - A s sis ts in (1) m aintaining, m odifying,' and developing operating sy stem s o r p rogra m s; (2) developing operating in stru ction s and techniques to co v e r p roblem situations; and/oj- (3) switching to e m e rg e n cy backup p roced u res (such assistance requ ires a w orking know ledge of p ro g ra m language, com puter featu res, and softw are s y s te m s ). An op erator at this lev el typically guides low er lev el operators. C lass B. In addition to established production runs, w ork a ssig n m ents include runs involving new p rogra m s, applications, and p roced u res ( i.e., situations w hich requ ire the operator to adapt to a v ariety of p roblem s). At this le v e l, the o p e ra tor has the training and experience to w ork fa irly independently in ca rry in g out m ost assignm ents. Assignm ents m ay requ ire the o p era tor to se le ct fr o m a variety of standard setup and operating p roced u res. In responding to com puter output instructions or e r ro r co n d ition s, ap plies standard operating or co rr e ctiv e p roce d u res, but m ay deviate fr o m standard p roce d u res when standard proced u res fail if deviation does not m a te ria lly alter the com puter unit's production plans. R efers the p roble m or ab orts the p ro g ra m when p roced u res applied do' not p rovid e a solution. M ay guide low er le v e l operators. C lass C. W ork assign m en ts are lim ited to established production runs ( i.e., p rogra m s w hich presen t few operating p roblem s). A ssignm ents m ay c o n s ist p r im a rily of o n -th e -jo b training (som etim es argum ented by c la s s r o o m in stru ction ). When learning to run p rogram s, the su p ervisor or a higher le v e l op era tor p rovid es detailed written or oral guidance to the o p era tor b e fo re and during the run. A fter the operator has gained experien ce with a p rogra m, h ow ev er, the operator w orks fairly independently in applying standard operating or co rrectiv e procedures in responding to com p u ter output in stru ction s or e r r o r conditions, but re fe rs p roblem s to a higher le v e l op erator or the su pervisor when standard proced u res fail. PERIPH ERAL EQUIPM ENT OPERATOR O perates p erip h era l equipm ent which directly supports digital com p u ter op eration s. Such equipm ent is uniquely and sp e cifica lly designed fo r com pu ter a p p lica tion s, but need not be ph ysically or e le ctron ica lly con n ected to a com p u ter. P rin te rs, p lotters, card rea d /p u n ch e s, tape r e a d e r s, tape units or d r iv e s, disk units or d riv es, and data display units are exam ples of such equipm ent. P E R IP H E R A L E Q U IP M E N T O P E R A T O R C ontinued The follow ing duties ch a ra cte riz e the w ork of a p erip h eral equipment operator: - Loading prin ters and p lotters with c o r r e c t paper; adjusting con trols for fo r m s, th ick n ess, tension, printing density, and location ; and unloading hard copy. - Labelling tape r e e ls, disk s, or card decks. - Checking labels and mounting and dism ounting. designated tape reels or disks on sp ecified units or drives. - Setting con trols which regulate operation of the equipment. - O bserving panel lights for w arnings and e r r o r indications and taking appropriate action. - Exam ining tapes, ca rd s, or other m aterial fo r c r e a s e s, tea rs, or other defects which could cause p rocessin g problem s. This cla s sifica tio n excludes w ork ers (1) who m onitor and operate a con trol con sole (see com pu ter op erator) or a rem ote term in al, or (2) whose duties are lim ited to operating d e colla te rs, b u rste rs, sep arators, or sim ilar equipm ent. COM PUTER DATA LIBRARIAN Maintains lib ra ry of m edia (tapes, disk s, ca rd s, cassettes) used fo r autom atic data p roce ssin g ap plications. The follow ing or sim ilar duties ch a ra cterize the w ork of a com puter data lib ra rian : C lassifying, cataloging, and storing m edia in a ccord a n ce with a standardized system ; upon proper requ ests, releasin g m edia fo r p roce s sin g ; m aintaining reco rd s of releases and returns; inspecting returned m edia fo r dam age or ex ce ssiv e wear to determ ine whether or not they need replacin g. May p e rfo rm m inor repairs to dam aged tapes. D RAFTE R C lass A. Plans the graphic presen tation of com p lex item s having distin ctive design features that d iffe r sign ifican tly fr o m established drafting p reced en ts. W orks in c lo s e support with the design origin a tor, and may recom m en d m inor design changes. A n alyzes the effe ct of each change on the details of fo rm, function, and position al relationsh ips of com ponents and parts. W orks with a m inim um of su p e rv iso ry assista n ce. Com pleted w ork is review ed by design origin a tor fo r con sisten cy with p rio r engineering determ inations. May either prep are draw ings or d ire ct their preparation by low er lev el d rafters. C lass B. P e rfo rm s nonroutine and com p lex drafting assignm ents that requ ire the application of m ost of the standardized drawing techniques regu larly used. Duties typically involve such w ork as: P repares working draw ings of su bassem blies with irre g u la r shapes, m ultiple functions, and p r e c is e position al relationships betw een com ponents; prep ares architectural drawings fo r construction of a building including detail drawings of foundations, w all se ctio n s, flo o r plans, and roof. Uses accepted form ulas and manuals in making n e ce ssa ry com putations to determ ine quantities of m a terials to be used, load ca p a citie s, strengths, s tre s s e s, etc. R eceives initial in stru ction s, requ irem en ts, and ad vice fro m su p ervisor. Com pleted w o rk is checked fo r tech nical adequacy.

36 D R A F T E R C on tin u ed C lass C. P rep a res detail draw ings of single units o r parts for engineering, con stru ction, m anufacturing, or rep a ir p u rp oses. T ypes of drawings prep ared include is o m e tr ic p roje ctio n s (depicting three dim ensions in accurate sca le j and sectioned view s to cla r ify positioning o f com ponents and convey needed in form ation. C on solidates details from a num ber of sou rces and adjusts or tran sp oses sca le as requ ired. Suggested m ethods of approach, applicable p reced en ts, and advice on sou rce m a terials are given with initial assign m en ts. Instructions are le s s com plete when assignm ents recu r. W ork m ay be sp o t-ch e ck e d during p r o g r e s s. D R A F T E R -T R A C E R C opies plans and draw ings prep ared by oth ers by placing tracing cloth or paper o v e r draw ings and tracin g with pen or p en cil. (D oes not include tracin g lim ited to plans p rim a rily consistin g of straight lines and a large sca le not requiring c lo s e delineation.) A N D /O R P rep a res sim p le o r rep etitive draw ings o f e a sily v isu alized item s. W ork is c lo s e ly su p ervised during p r o g r e s s. ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN W orks on variou s types of e le ctron ic equipm ent and related d evices by perform in g one o r a com bination of the follow ing: Installing, m aintaining, repairin g, overhauling, trou bleshootin g, m od ifying, constructin g, and testing. W ork requ ires p ra ctica l application o f tech n ical know ledge of e le ctron ics p rin cip le s, ability to determ in e m alfu nction s, and skill to put equipm ent in requ ired operating condition. The equipm ent con sistin g o f either m any d ifferen t kinds o f circu its or m ultiple repetition o f the sam e kind o f c ircu it in cludes, but is not lim ited to, the follow in g: (a) E le ctro n ic transm itting and receiv in g equipm ent (e.g., radar, radio, te le v isio n, telephone, son ar, navigational aids), (b) digital and analog com p u ters, and (c) industrial and m e d ica l m easu rin g and controllin g equipm ent. This c la s s ifica tio n exclu d es rep a irers of such standard e le ctron ic equipm ent as com m on o ffic e m ach in es and household radio and television sets; production a ssem b le rs and te s te r s; w ork ers w hose p rim a ry duty is serv icin g e le c tr o n ic test in stru m en ts; technicians who have adm inistrative or su p erv isory re sp o n sib ility ; and d ra fte rs, d esig n e rs, and p rofe ssio n a l en gin eers. P o sitio n s are c la s sifie d into le v e ls on the basis of the follow ing defin itions. C lass A. A p p lies advanced tech n ical know ledge to solve unusually com plex p roblem s ( i.e., those that ty p ically cannot be solved solely by r e fe r ence to m a n u fa ctu rers' m anuals o r sim ila r docum ents) in w orking on e le c tron ic equipm ent. E xam ples o f such p roblem s include location and den sity o f c irc u itr y, electrom a g n e tic radiation, isolating m alfu nction s, and frequent engineering changes. W ork in volves: A detailed understanding of the interrelationsh ips o f c irc u its ; e x e rcisin g independent judgm ent in p erform in g such tasks as m aking circu it an alyses, calculating w ave fo rm s, tracin g relation ships in signal flow ; and regu la rly using com p lex test instrum ents (e.g., dual tra ce o s c illo s c o p e s, Q -m e te r s, deviation m e te rs, pulse g e n e ra to rs). E L E C T R O N IC S TECHNICIA N C on tin ued W ork m ay be review ed by su p e rv isor (frequ ently an engineer or d esign er) fo r general com plian ce with accepted p r a c tic e s. M ay provide tech nical guidance to low er level tech nicians. C lass B. Applies com prehen sive tech nical knowledge to solve com plex p roblem s (i.e., those that typically can be solved so le ly by p rop e rly in terpreting m anufactu rers' m anuals o r sim ila r docum ents) in w orking on electron ic equipment. W ork involves: A fam ilia rity with the in terrelation ships o f c ircu its; and judgm ent in determ ining w ork sequence and in selectin g tools and testing instrum ents, usually le s s com p lex than those used by the cla ss A technician. R eceiv e s technical guidance, as requ ired, from su p erv isor o r higher le v e l technician, and w ork is review ed fo r s p e cific com p lian ce with accepted p ra ctices and w ork assignm ents. M ay p rovid e tech n ical guidance to low er lev el technicians. C lass C. Applies w orking tech n ical know ledge to p e rfo rm sim ple or routine tasks in working on electron ic equipm ent, follow in g detailed in stru c tions which cover virtually all p r o ce d u r e s. W ork ty p ically in volves such tasks as: A ssisting higher level technicians by perform in g such activities as replacin g com ponents, w iring circu its, and taking test readin gs; repairin g sim ple e lectron ic equipment; and using tools and com m on test instrum ents (e.g., m u ltim eters, audio signal g e n e ra to rs, tube te s te r s, o s c illo s c o p e s ). Is not required to be fam iliar with the in terrelation sh ip s o f c ir c u its. This know ledge, how ever, m ay be acquired through assignm ents designed to in crease com petence (including c la s sroom training) so that w ork er can advance to higher level technician. R e ceiv e s technical guidance, as requ ired, from su p e rv iso r o r higher le v e l technician. W ork is typically spot check ed, but is given detailed review when new o r advanced assignm ents are involved. REGISTERED INDUSTRIAL NURSE A registered nurse who gives nursing se r v ice under g en eral m e d ica l d irectio n to ill o r injured em p loyees o r other p erson s who b ecom e ill o r su ffer an accident on the p rem ises o f a fa cto ry o r other establishm ent. Duties involve a com bination of the follow in g : Giving fir s t aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent d ressin g o f e m p lo y e e s' in ju rie s; keeping re co rd s o f patients treated; preparing accid en t reports fo r com pen sation or other p u rp oses; assisting in ph ysical exam inations and health evaluations o f applicants and em p loyees; and planning and ca rry in g out p rogra m s involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation o f plant environm ent, or other activities affecting the health, w e lfa re, and safety o f all p erson n el. N ursing su p ervisors o r head nurses in establishm ents em ploying m o r e than one nurse are excluded. Maintenance, Toolroom, and Powerplant MAINTENANCE CARPEN TER P e rfo rm s the carpentry duties n e ce s s a r y to con stru ct and m aintain in good rep a ir building w oodw ork and equipm ent such as bins, crib s, cou n ters, ben ch es, partition s, d o o rs, flo o r s, sta ir s, ca sin g s, and trim m ade o f w ood in an establishm ent. W ork involves m o st o f the follow in g : Planning and 34

37 M A IN T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R C ontinued laying out o f w ork from blueprin ts, draw ings, m od els, or verbal instructions; using a variety o f ca rp e n te r's handtools, portable power tools, and standard m easu ring instrum ents; m aking standard shop computations relating to dim en sion s o f w ork ; and selectin g m aterials n ecessary fo r the w ork. In gen eral, the w ork o f the m aintenance carpenter requires rounded training and ex p erien ce usually acqu ired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex p erien ce. MAINTENANCE ELE CTRIC IAN P e rfo rm s a variety o f e le ctrica l trade functions such as the installation, m aintenance, o r rep a ir o f equipment for the generation, distribution, o r u tilization o f e le c tr ic en ergy in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the fo llow in g ; Installing o r repairing any of a variety of e le ctrica l equiprnent such as g e n e ra to rs, tra n sfo rm e rs, sw itchboards, co n tro lle rs, circu it b reak e rs, m o to rs, heating units, conduit system s, or other tran sm ission equipm ent; w orking from blueprints, draw ings, layouts, or other sp e cification s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the electrica l system or equipm ent; w orking standard com putations relating to load requirem ents of w iring o r e le c tr ic a l equipm ent; and using a variety o f e le ctricia n 's handtools and m easu rin g and testing in stru m en ts. In general, the w ork o f the m aintenance e le c tr ic ia n req u ire s rounded training and experience usually acquired through a fo rm a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MAINTENANCE PAIN TER Paints and red ecora tes w alls, w oodw ork, and fixtures of an establishm ent. W ork in volves the follow in g : Knowledge of su rface pecu liarities and types of paint requ ired fo r different applications; preparing su rface fo r painting by rem oving old finish or by placing putty o r fille r in nail h oles and in te rstice s ; and applying paint with spray gun o r brush. May m ix c o lo r s, o ils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain p rop er c o lo r o r co n siste n cy. In gen eral, the w ork of the m aintenance painter requ ire s rounded training and experien ce usually acquired through a form al ap pren ticeship o r equivalent training and experien ce. M AINTENANCE MACHINIST P rod u ces rep lacem en t parts and new parts in m aking rep airs o f m etal parts of m ech a n ica l equipm ent operated in an establishm ent. W ork in volves m ost of the follow in g: Interpreting written instructions and sp ecifica tio n s; planning and laying out o f w ork; using a variety of m a ch in ist's handtools and p r e c is io n m ea su rin g instrum ents; setting up and operating standard m ach in e to o ls; shaping o f m etal parts to clo se to lera n ces; making standard shop com putations relating to dim ensions of w ork, tooling, feed s, and sp eeds of m achining; know ledge of the working p rop erties of the com m on m e ta ls; selectin g standard m a te ria ls, parts, and equipment requ ired for this w ork ; and fitting and assem bling parts into m echanical equipm ent. In gen eral, the m a ch in ist's w ork n orm ally requ ires a rounded training in m a ch in e-sh op p ra c tic e usu ally acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex p erien ce. M AINTENANCE MECHANIC (M achinery) R ep a irs m a ch in ery o r m ech an ical equipment o f an establishm ent. W ork involves m o st o f the follow in g : Examining m achines and m echanical equipm ent to dia gn ose sou rce o f trouble; dism antling or partly dism antling m ach in es and p e rfo rm in g repairs that m ainly involve the use of handtools in scrapin g and fitting pa rts; replacin g broken or defective parts with item s M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M a ch in e ry ) C on tin u ed obtained from stock ; ord erin g the production o f a replacem en t part by a m achine shop o r sending the m achine to a m achine shop fo r m a jor rep airs; preparin g w ritten sp ecifica tion s fo r m a jo r rep a irs or fo r the production of parts o rd e re d from m achine shops; reassem blin g m a ch in es; and making all n e ce s sa ry adjustm ents fo r operation. In general, the w ork of a m achinery m aintenance m ech an ic req u ires rounded training and experien ce usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experien ce. E xcluded from this cla s sifica tio n are w ork ers w hose p rim ary duties involve setting up or adjusting m ach in es. MAINTENANCE MECHANIC (M otor vehicle) R epairs autom obiles, buses, m otortru ck s, and tra ctors of an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the follow in g ; Exam ining autom otive equipm ent to diagnose so u rce of trou ble; d isassem b lin g equipm ent and perform ing rep a irs that involve the use o f such handtools as w ren ch es, gauges, d rills, or sp e cia lized equipm ent in disassem b lin g o r fitting p a rts; replacing broken o r d efectiv e parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassem blin g and installing the various a ssem b lies in the vehicle and making n ecessary adjustm ents; and aligning w heels, adjusting brakes and ligh ts, o r tightening body b o lts. In general, the w ork of the m otor veh icle m aintenance m echanic req u ire s rounded training and experien ce usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship o r equivalent training and experien ce. This cla ssifica tion does not include m ech an ics w h o repair custo m e rs ' veh icles in autom obile repair shops. MAINTENANCE P IPE FITTE R Installs o r rep a irs w ater, steam, gas, o r other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishm ent. W ork in volves m o s t o f the follow in g: Laying out w ork and m easu ring to locate position o f pipe from drawings or other w ritten sp e cifica tio n s; cutting various sizes of pipe to c o r r e c t lengths with ch isel and ham m er or oxyacetylen e torch or p ip e-cu tting m ach in es; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by han d-driven or p ow er-d riv en m a ch in es; assem bling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; m aking standard shop com putations relating to p r e ss u r e s, flow, and size of pipe requ ired ; and m aking standard tests to determ ine w hether finished pipes m eet sp e cifica tio n s. In general, the w ork of the m aintenance pipefitter re q u ire s rounded training and experien ce usually acquired through a form al ap pren ticeship o r equivalent training and experien ce. W ork ers p rim a rily engaged in installing and rep airin g building sanitation or heating system s are excluded. MAINTENANCE SH E E T -M E T A L WORKER F a b rica te s, in stalls, and m aintains in good rep a ir the sh eet-m etal equipm ent and fixtu res (such as m achine guards, g rea se pans, shelves, lo c k e r s, tanks, ven tilators, chutes, ducts, m etal roofing) o f an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the follow in g : Planning and laying out all types of sh eet-m eta l m aintenance w ork from blueprints, m od els, or other sp ecification s; setting up and operating all available types of sh eet-m etal working m a ch in es; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, form in g, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; and installing sh eet-m eta l a rticle s as requ ired. In g en eral, the w ork of the m aintenance sh eet-m eta l w ork er requ ires rounded training and ex p erien ce usually acquired through a form a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex p erien ce. 35

38 M ILLW RIGHT Installs new m ach in es o r heavy equipm ent, and dism antles and installs m a ch in es o r heavy equipm ent when changes in the plant layout are requ ired. W ork involves m ost o f the follow in g : Planning and laying out w ork; in terpreting blueprints o r other sp e cifica tio n s; using a variety of handtools and riggin g; m aking standard shop com putations relating to s tre s s e s, strength of m a teria ls, and cen ters of gravity; aligning and balancing equipm ent; selectin g standard to o ls, equipm ent, and parts to be used; and installing and m aintaining in good o rd e r pow er tra n sm ission equipm ent such as d rives and speed r e d u c e rs. In gen eral, the m illw rig h t's w ork n orm ally req u ires a rounded training and experien ce in the trade acquired through a fo rm a l apprenticeship o r equivalent training and ex p erien ce. MAINTENANCE TRADES H ELPER A s s is ts one o r m o re w o rk e rs in the sk illed m aintenance trad es, by p erform in g s p e cific o r general duties o f le s s e r sk ill, such as keeping a w ork er supplied with m a te ria ls and to o ls; cleaning w orking area, m achine, and equipm ent; assistin g journeym an by holding m a teria ls or tools; and p erform in g oth er unskilled tasks as d irected by jou rneym an. The kind of w ork the helper is perm itted to p erform varies from trade to trade: In som e trades the h elp er is confined to supplying, liftin g, and holding m a teria ls and tools, and cleaning w orking areas; and in oth ers he is p erm itted to p e rfo rm sp e cia lized m achine op eration s, or parts o f a trade that are also p erform ed by w ork ers on a fu ll-tim e b a sis. M ACH IN E-TO O L O PERA TO R (T o o lroom ) S p e cia lizes in operating one o r m o r e than one type o f m achine tool (e.g., jig b o r e r, grinding m ach in e, engine lathe, m illin g m achine) to m achine m etal fo r u se in m aking o r m aintaining jig s, fix tu re s, cutting to o ls, gauges, or m etal d ies o r m old s used in shaping o r form in g m etal o r nonm etallic m a terial (e.g., p la stic, p la ste r, ru bber, g la s s). W ork ty p ically in v o lv e s: Planning and p erform in g d ifficu lt m achining operations which requ ire com plicated setups o r a high d egree o f a ccu ra cy ; setting up m ach in e tool or tools (e.g., in stall cutting tools and adjust guid es, stops, w orking ta bles, and other con trols to handle the size o f stock to be m achined; determ ine proper feed s, speeds, tooling, and operation sequence or se le ct those p re scrib e d in draw ings, blueprin ts, o r layou ts); using a v ariety o f p re cisio n m easu ring in stru m en ts; m aking n e ce s sa ry adjustm ents during m achining operation to achieve requ isite dim ension s to v ery c lo s e to le ra n ces. M ay be requ ired to s e le c t p roper coolan ts and cutting and lu bricating o ils, to recog n ize when tools need d ressin g, and to d ress to o ls. In gen eral, the w ork o f z. m a ch in e -to o l op e ra to r (to o lro o m ) at the sk ill level ca lled fo r in this cla s sifica tio n requ ire s exten sive know ledge o f m a ch in e-sh op and to o lro o m p ra ctice u su ally acqu ired through con sid era b le o n -th e -jo b training and exp erien ce. F o r c r o s s -in d u s tr y w age study p u rp oses, this c la s sifica tio n d oes not include m a ch in e -to o l o p e ra to rs (to o lro o m ) em p loyed in tool and die jobbing shops. TOOL AND DIE M AKER C on stru cts and re p a irs jig s, fix tu re s, cutting to o ls, gauges, o r meted dies or m old s used in shaping o r form in g m etal or nonm etallic m a te ria l (e.g., p la stic, p la ste r, ru bber, g la s s). W ork typically in v o lv e s; Planning and laying out w ork accord in g to m o d e ls, blueprin ts, draw in gs, o r other w ritten o r o ra l sp ecifica tion s; understanding the w orking p rop erties of com m on m etals and TO OL AND DIE MAKER Continued a lloys; selecting appropriate m a te ria ls, to o ls, and p r o c e s s e s requ ired to com plete tasks; making n ecessa ry shop com putations; setting up and o p e r ating variou s m achine tools and related equipm ent; using v ariou s tool and die m a k e r's handtools and p recisio n m ea su rin g in stru m en ts; w orking to very c lo s e to le ra n ces; heat-treating m etal parts and finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; fitting and assem bling parts to p re scrib e d to le r ances and allow ances. In general, the tool and die m a k e r's w ork requ ires rounded training in m a ch in e-sh op and to o lro o m p ra c tic e u su ally acquired through fdrm al apprenticeship o r equivalent training and e x p e rie n ce. F o r cro s s-in d u stry wage study p u rp o ses, this c la s sifica tio n does not include tool and die m a k ers who (1) are em p loyed in tool and die jobbin g shops or (2) produce forgin g dies (die sin k ers). STATIONARY ENGINEER O perates and m aintains and m ay also su p e rv ise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (m ech an ica l o r e le c tr ic a l) to supply the establishm ent in which em ployed with p ow er, heat, r e frig e ra tio n, o r a irconditioning. W ork involves: O perating and m aintaining equipm ent such as steam engines, air co m p r e ss o rs, g e n e ra to rs, m o to r s, tu rbin es, ventilating and refrigera tin g equipm ent, steam b o ile rs and b o ile r -fe d w ater pum ps; m aking equipm ent rep a irs; and keeping a r e c o r d o f op eration of m a ch in ery, tem p eratu re, and fuel consum ption. M ay also su p ervise these op eration s. Head or ch ief engineers in establishm ents em ploying m o r e than one engineer are exclu ded. BOILER TENDER F ir e s stationarv b o ile rs to fu rn ish the establishm ent in w hich em ployed with heat, pow er, or steam. F eed s fu els to fir e by hand or op erates a m echanical stok er, gas, o r o il bu rn er; and ch eck s w ater and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a ssist in repairin g b o ile rr o o m equipm ent. Material Movement and Custodial TRUCKDRIVER D rives a truck within a city or in dustrial area to tran sp ort m a te ria ls, m erchandise, equipm ent, or w o rk e rs betw een variou s types of establishm ents such as: M anufacturing plants, freigh t depots, w areh ou ses, w holesale and retail establishm ents, or betw een reta il establishm ents and cu s to m e r s' houses or places of b u sin e ss. M ay also load o r unload truck with o r without h elp ers, make m in or m e ch a n ica l r e p a ir s, and keep truck in good w orking o r d e r. Salesroute and o v e r -th e -r o a d d r iv e rs are exclu d ed. F o r wage study p u rp oses, tru ck d riv e rs are c la s s ifie d by type and rated capacity of truck, as follow s; T ru ck d river, light truck (straight truck, under IV2 tons, usually 4 w heels) T ru ck driver, m edium truck (straight truck, IV2 to 4 tons in clu sive, usually 6 w heels) T ru ck d river, heavy truck (straight truck, over 4 ton s, usually 10 w heels) T ru ck d river. tr a c to r -tr a ile r 36

39 SHIPPER AND R E C E IV E R P e r fo rm s c le r ic a l and physical tasks in connection with shipping goods of the establishm ent In which em ployed and receiv in g incom ing shipm ents. In p erform in g d a y -to -d a y, routine tasks, follow s established guidelin es. In handling unusual nonroutine p roblem s, receiv es sp ecific guidance fr o m su p e rv isor o r other o fficia ls. May d irect and coordinate the a ctiv itie s of other w o rk e rs engaged in handling goods to be shipped or being re ce iv e d. Shippers ty p ica lly are respon sible for m ost of the follow in g: V e r ifying that o rd e rs a re a ccu ra te ly filled by com paring ite m s. and quantities o f goods gathered fo r shipm ent against docum ents; insuring that shipm ents a re p rop e rly packaged, iden tified with shipping inform ation, and loaded into tran sp ortin g v e h ic le s ; p rep arin g and keeping re co rd s of goods shipped, e.g., m a n ifests, b ills of lading. R e c e iv e rs ty p ica lly a re resp on sib le for m ost of the follow in g: V erify in g the c o r r e c tn e s s o f incom ing shipments by com parin g item s and quantities unloaded against b ills of lading, in voices, m anifests, storage r e ce ip ts, or other r e c o r d s ; checking for damaged good s; insuring that goods are a p p rop ria tely iden tified fo r routing to departm ents within the establishm ent; preparin g and keeping record s of goods received. SHIPPING PACKER P rep a res finished products fo r shipment or storage by placing them in shipping con tain ers, the sp e cific operations p e rform ed being dependent upon the type, s iz e, and num ber of units to be packed, the type of container em p loyed, and m ethod of shipm ent. W ork requ ires the placing of item s in shipping containers and m ay involve one or m ore of the follow ing: Knowledge of various item s of stock in o rd e r to v e rify content; selection of appropriate type and size of contain er; inserting en closu res in contain er; using e x ce ls io r or other m aterial to prevent breakage or dam age; closin g and sealing co n tain er; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. P ackers who also make w ooden boxes or crates are excluded. M ATERIAL HANDLING LABORER A w ork er em ployed in a w arehou se, m anufacturing plant, store, or other establishm ent w hose duties involve one or m ore of the follow ing: Loading and unloading various m aterials and m erchandise on or from freight c a r s, tru ck s, or other transporting d e v ices; unpacking, shelving, or placing m aterials or m erch andise in p rop er storage location ; and transporting m aterials or m erch andise by handtruck, ca r, or w heelbarrow. Longshore w ork ers, who load and unload ships, are excluded. F o r w age study p u rp oses, w orkers are cla ssified as follow s: Shipper R e c e iv e r Shipper and r e c e iv e r WAREHOUSEMAN A s d irecte d, p e rfo rm s a variety of warehousing duties w hich requ ire an understanding of the establish m en t's storage plan. W ork involves m ost of the follow in g : V erifyin g m aterials (or m erchandise) against receivin g d ocu m en ts, noting and rep ortin g d iscrep a n cies and obvious dam ages; routing m a teria ls to p r e s c r ib e d stora ge loca tion s; storing, stacking, o r palletizing m a teria ls in a ccord a n ce with p rescrib e d storage m ethods; rearranging and taking in ven tory o f sto re d m a teria ls; examining stored m aterials and rep ortin g d eterio ra tio n and dam age; rem oving m aterial fr o m storage and p reparin g it fo r shipm ent. May operate hand or pow er trucks in p erform in g w arehousing duties. E xclude w ork ers w hose prim a ry duties involve shipping and r e c e iv ing w ork (see Shipper and R e c e iv e r and Shipping P a ck er), o rd er fillin g (see O rder F ille r ), o r operating pow er trucks (see P ow er-t ru ck O perator). ORDER F ILLE R F ills shipping o r tra n sfe r o rd e rs fo r finished goods fr o m stored m erch a n d ise in a ccord a n ce with sp ecifica tion s on sales slip s, cu s to m e rs' o r d e rs, or other in stru ction s. M ay, in addition to filling ord ers and in d i cating item s fille d o r om itted, keep re co rd s of outgoing o r d e rs, requ isition additional stock o r re p o rt sh ort supplies to su p ervisor, and p e rfo rm other related duties. P O W ER -T RU CK O PERATOR O perates a m anually con trolled g a so lin e - or e le c tr ic -p o w e r e d truck or tra cto r to tran sp ort goods and m aterials of all kinds about a w arehouse, m anufacturing plant, or other establishm ent. F o r wage study p u rp o s e s, w ork ers are cla s sifie d by type of p ow ertru ck, as follow s: GUARD F ork lift operator P ow er-tru ck operator (other than forklift) P rotects p rop erty fro m theft or dam age, or p erson s from hazards or in terferen ce. Duties involve serving at a fixed post, making rounds on foot or by m otor v e h icle, or e scortin g p erson s or property. May be deputized to make a r r e sts. M ay a lso help v isito rs and cu stom ers by answ ering questions and giving d irection s. Guards em ployed by establishm ents which provide protective s e r v ice s on a contract basis are included in this occupation. F o r wage study purposes, guards are cla s sifie d as follow s: C lass A. E n forces regulations designed to prevent breach es of secu rity. E x e rcis e s judgm ent and uses d iscretion in dealing with e m e r gencies and secu rity violations encountered. D eterm ines whether first

40 G U A R D C on tin u ed resp on se should be to in terven e d ire ctly (asking fo r a ssista n ce when deem ed n e ce s sa ry and tim e a llo w s), to keep situation under su rv e illa n ce, or to rep ort situation so that it can be handled by ap p rop ria te authority. Duties requ ire sp e cia lized training in m ethods and techniques of protectin g secu rity areas. C om m only, the guard is requ ired to dem onstrate continuing p h ysical fitn ess and p roficien cy with fire a rm s or other sp ecia l w eapons. C lass B. C a rries out in stru ction s p rim a rily oriented tow ard in suring that em erg e n cie s and secu rity v iolation s a re re a d ily d is co v e red and rep orted to approp riate authority. Intervenes d irectly only in situations w hich requ ire m inim al action to safeguard prop erty or p erson s. Duties r e G U A R D C ontinued quire m inim al training. C om m only, the guard is not requ ired to dem onstrate p h ysical fitness. May be arm ed, but g en era lly is not req u ired to dem onstrate p r o ficie n c y in the use of firearm s or sp e cia l w eapons. JANITOR, PO RTER, OR CLEANER Cleans and keeps in an o r d e rly condition fa cto ry w orking a reas and w a sh room s, or p rem ises of an o ffic e, apartm ent h ouse, o r c o m m e r cia l or other establishm ent. Duties in volve a com bination of the fo llo w in g : Sw eeping, mopping or scrubbin g, and polish in g flo o r s ; rem ovin g ch ip s, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipm ent, fu rn itu re, or fix tu res; polishing m etal fixtu res or trim m in gs; providing supplies and m in or m aintenance s e r v ic e s ; and cleaning la va tories, sh ow ers, and r e s tr o o m s. W ork ers who sp e cia liz e in window washing are excluded. 38

41 Service Contract Act Surveys The follow in g a reas a re s u r veyed p e r io d ic a lly fo r u se in ad m in iste rin g the S e r v ice C on tract A ct o f Survey resu lts are pu b lish ed in r e le a s e s w hich a re a v a ila ble, at no co st, w hile su pplies la st fr o m any of the BLS regio n a l o ffic e s shown on the back c o v e r. A lask a (statew ide) A lbany, Ga. A lbuquerque, N. M ex. A lexandria L e e s v ille, La. A lpena Standish Taw as C ity, M ich. Ann A r b o r, M ich. A s h e v ille, N.C. Augusta, Ga. S.C. A ustin, Tex. B a k e rsfie ld, C alif. Baton R ouge, La. Battle C reek, M ich. Beaum ont P o r t A rth u r-o ra n g e and Lake C h a rle s, T ex. La. B iloxi G ulfport and P ascagou la M oss P oint, M iss. Bingham ton, N. Y. B irm ingh am, A la. B loom in gton V incennes, Ind. B re m e rto n Shelton, Wash. B runsw ick, Ga. C ed ar R apids, Iowa Cham paign Urbana Rantoul, 111. C h a rleston North C h arleston W a lte rb o ro, S.C. C h arlotte G astonia, N.C. C la r k s v ille H op k in sville, Term. Ky. C olum bia Sum ter, S.C. C olum bus, Ga. A la. C olum bu s, M iss. C on n ecticu t (statew ide) D ecatu r, 111. D es M oin es, Iowa Dothan, A la. Duluth S u perior, M inn. W is. E l P a so A la m o g o rd o Las C r u ce s, T e x. N. M ex. Eugene S p rin g field M ed ford, O reg. F ayetteville, N.C. F o rt Lauderdale H ollyw ood and W est Palm Beach B oca Raton, Fla. F o rt Smith, A rk. Okla. F ort Wayne, Ind. Gadsden and Anniston, Ala. G oldsboro, N.C. Grand Island H astings, Nebr. Guam, T e rrito ry of H arrisburg Lebanon, Pa. K noxville, Term. La C r o s s e Sparta, W is. L aredo, Tex. Las Vegas Tonopah, Nev. L exington-f ayette, Ky. Lim a, Ohio L ittle Rock North L ittle Rock, Ark. L orain E lyria, Ohio L ow er E astern Shore, Md. Va. Del. M acon, Ga. M adison, Wis. M aine (statewide) M ansfield, Ohio M ca llen Pharr Edinburg and B row nsville H arlingen San Benito, Tex. M eridian, M iss. M iddlesex, Monmouth, and Ocean Counties, N. J. M obile P en sacola Panam a City, A la. Fla. Montana (statewide) N ashville D avidson, Tenn. New B ern Jacksonville, N.C. New H am pshire (statew ide) North Dakota (statew ide) N orthern New Y ork N orthwest Texas Orlando, Fla. Oxnard Sim i V alley Ventura, C alif. P eoria, 111. Phoenix, A riz. Pine Bluff, Ark. Pueblo, C olo. P u erto R ico Raleigh Durham, N.C. Reno, Nev. R iversid e San Bernardino O ntario, C alif. Salina, Kans. Salinas Seaside M onterey, C alif. Sandusky, Ohio Santa B arbara Santa M aria Lom poc, C alif. Savannah, Ga. Selm a, Ala. Sherm an D enison, Tex. Shreveport, La. South Dakota (statew ide) Southeastern M assachusetts Southern Idaho Southwest V irgin ia Spokane, Wash. Springfield, 111. Stockton, C alif. Tacom a, Wash. Tam pa St. P etersb u rg, Fla. Topeka, Kans. T ucson D ouglas, A riz. Tulsa, Okla. Upper Peninsula, M ich. V a llejo F a irfie ld Napa, C alif. V erm ont (statew ide) V irgin Islands of the U.S. W aco and K illeen T em ple, Tex. W aterloo C edar F alls, Iowa W est V irgin ia (statew ide) W estern and N orthern Mas sachus etts W ichita F alls Lawton Altus, T ex. Okla. Yakima Richland Kennewick Pendleton, W ash. O reg. ALSO AVAILAB LE An annual rep ort on sa laries for accountants, auditors, ch ief accountants, attorneys, job analysts, d ir e c tors of personnel, buyers, chem ists, en gineers, engineering technicians, d ra fters, a n d c le r ic a l em ployees is available. O rder as BLS B u lletin 2004, National Survey of P r o fession a l, A dm inistrative, Technical and C le ric a l Pay, M arch 1978, $2.40 a copy, fro m any of the BLS r e gional sales offices shown on the back cov er, or from the Superintendent of Docum ents, U.S. G overnm ent Printing O ffice, Washington, D.C

42

43 Area Wage Surveys A lis t o f the la test bulletins available is presented below. Bulletins m ay be p u rch ased fr o m any o f the BLS region al offices shown on the back c o v e r, o r fr o m the Superintendent of D ocum ents, U.S. G overnm ent Printing O ffice, W ashington, D.C Make checks payable to Superintendent of D ocu m en ts. A d ir e c to r y o f occu p ation al wage surveys, coverin g the years 1970 through 1977, is availab le on request. Bulletin num ber A r e a and p r ic e * A k ron, Ohio, D ec , $ 1.00 Albany Schenectady T roy, N. Y., Sept , $1.50 Anaheim Santa Ana G arden G rove, C a lif., O ct , $1.50.A tlan ta, G a., M ay , $1.30 B a ltim ore, M d., Aug , $1.75 B illin g s, M ont., July , $1.50 B irm ingh am, A la., M ar , 80 cents B oston, M a ss., Aug , $1.75 B uffalo, N.Y., Oct * , $1.30 Canton, Ohio, M ay , 70 cents Chattanooga, T en n.-g a., Sept , $1.50 C h icago, 111., M ay , $ 1.75 C incinnati, Ohio Ky. In d., July , $2.00 C leveland, Ohio, Sept , $1.75 C olum bu s, Ohio, Oct , $1.50 C orp u s C h risti, T ex., July , $1.75 D a lla s -F o r t W orth, T e x., Oct , $1.50 D avenport R ock Island M oline, Iowa 111., Feb , $1.00 Dayton, Ohio, D ec , $ 1.00 Daytona B each, F la., Aug , $1.50 D enver B ou ld er, C o lo., D ec , $1.20 D etroit, M ich., M ar , $1.50 F resn o, C a lif., June , $1.50 G a in esv ille, F la., Sept , $1.50 G ary H am m ond E ast C h icago, Ind., Oct (To be surveyed) G reen Bay, W is., July , $1.50 G re e n sb o ro W in ston -S alem High Point, N.C., Aug , $1.50 G reen ville Spartanburg, S.C., June , $1.75 H artford, Conn., M ar , $1.10 H ouston, T ex., A p r , $1.30 H untsville, A la., F eb , $1.00 Indianapolis, Ind., Oct , $2.25 Jackson, M iss., Jan , $1.20 J a ck son v ille, F la., D ec , $1.00 K ansas C ity, M o.-k a n s., Sept , $1.30 L os A n g eles Long B each, C a lif., Oct , $1.50 L o u isv ille, Ky. Ind., Nov , $1.00 M em ph is, Tenn. A rk. M is s., Nov , $1.00 Bulletin number A rea and p rice * M iam i, F la., Oct , $2.25 M ilwaukee, W is., Apr , $1.30 M inneapolis St. Paul, Minn. W is., Jan , $1.30 Nassau Suffolk, N. Y., June , $1.75 Newark, N.J., Jan , $1.30 New O rleans, La., Oct , $2.25 New York, N.Y.-N.J., May , $1.75 N orfolk V irginia Beach Portsm outh, Va. N.C., May , $1.75 N orfolk V irginia Beach Portsm outh and N ew port News Hampton, Va. N.C., May , 80 cents N ortheast Pennsylvania, Aug * , $1.75 Oklahom a City, Okla., Aug , $1.50 Omaha, N ebr. Iowa, Oct , $ 1.50 P aterson Clifton P a ssa ic, N.J., June , $1.50 P hiladelphia, P a. N.J., Nov , $1.30 Pittsburgh, P a., Jan , $1.50 Portland, M aine, D ec * , $1.20 P ortland, O reg. W ash., May , $1.75 P oughkeepsie, N. Y., June , $1.50 Poughkeepsie Kingston Newburgh, N.Y., June , $1.50 P rovid en ce W arwick Pawtucket, R. I. M ass., June , $1.75 R ichm ond, Va., June , $1.50 St. Louis, M o. 111., Mar , $1.50 Sacram ento, C a lif., D ec , $1.00 Saginaw, M ich., Nov , $1.75 Salt Lake City Ogden, Utah, Nov ,. $ 1.30 San Antonio, T ex., May , $1.00 San D iego, C a lif., Nov , $1.00 San F ra n cis co Oakland, C a lif., M ar , $1.20 San Jose, C a lif., M ar , $1.10 Seattle E verett, W ash., D ec , $1.00 South Bend, Ind., Aug , $1.75 T oled o, O h io-m ich., May , $1.10 T renton, N.J., Sept , $1.50 Utica R om e, N. Y., July , $1.00 W ashington, D.C.-M d.-v a., M ar , $1.20 W ichita, K ans., A pr , $1.00 W o rce ste r, M ass., A pr , $1.50 Y ork, P a., Feb , $1.00 ' ( Prices are determined by the Government Printing Office and are subject to change. 1 Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented.

44 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C Official Business Penalty for private use, $300 Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor Third Class Mail Lab-441 Bureau off Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region I 1603 JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass Phone: (Area Code 617) Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont Region II Suite Broadway New York, N Y Phone: (AreaCode212) New Jersey New York Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Region in 3535 Market Street, P.O Box Philadelphia, Pa Phone: (Area Code 215) Delaware District of Columbia Maryland Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia Region IV Suite Peachtree St, N E. Atlanta, Ga Phone: (Area Code 404) Alabama s Florida Georgia Kentucky Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Region V 9th Floor, 230 S Dearborn St. Chicago, III Phone: (AreaCode312) Illinois Indiana Michigan Minnesota Ohio Wisconsin Region VI Second Floor 555 Griffin Square Building Dallas, Tex Phone: (Area Code 214) Arkansas Louisiana New Mexico Oklahoma Texas Regions VII and Vlll Federal Office Building 911 Walnut St., 15th Floor Kansas City, Mo Phone: (Area Code 816) VII Iowa Kansas Missouri Nebraska Vlll Colorado Montana North Dakota South Dakota Utah Wyoming Regions IX and X 450 Golden Gate Ave. Box,36017 Sari Francisco, Cafif Phone: (A'rea Code 415) IX Arizona California Hawaii Nevada X Alaska Idaho Oregon Washington