AREA WAGE SURVEY. 3 ' I i 2 6 ~ 6. T h e S an Jose, C a lifo rn ia, M e tro p o lita n,a re a, M a rch Dayton & Montgomery Co.

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1 3 ' I i 2 6 ~ 6 Dayton & Montgomery Co. Public Library SEP document collection * AREA WAGE SURVEY T h e S an Jose, C a lifo rn ia, M e tro p o lita n,a re a, M a rch 1972 Bulletin Digitized for FRASER U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR / Bureau of Labor Statistics

2 Region I 1603-JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass Phone: (Area Code 617) Region II Broadway, Suite 3400 New York, N.Y Phone: (Area Code 212) Region III 406 Penn Square-Building 1317 Filbert St. Philadelphia, Pa Phone: (Area Code 215) Region IV Suite Peachtree St. NE. Atlanta, Ga Phone: (Area Code 404) Digitized for FRASER Region V 8th Floor, 300 South Wacker Drive Chicago, III Phone: (Area Code 312) Region VI Regions V II and V III will be serviced by Kansas City. Regions IX and X will be serviced by San Francisco Commerce St., Rm. 6B7 Dallas, Tex Phone: (Area Code 214) Regions V II and V III Federal Office Building 911 Walnut St., 10th Floor Kansas City, Mo Phone: (Area Code 816) Regions IX and X 450 Golden Gate Ave. Box San Francisco, Calif Phone: (Area Code 415)

3 AREA WAGE SURVEY Bulletin A u g u s t U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, J. D. Hodgson, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, Geoffrey H. Moore, Commissioner T h e S a n Jose, C a lifo rn ia, M e tro p o lita n A re a, M a rc h CONTENTS Page 1. Introduction 4. Wage tren ds fo r se le cte d occu pation al groups T a b les: E stablish m en ts and w ork ers within scop e of su rvey and num ber studied 2. Indexes of standard w eekly sa la rie s and stra ig h t-tim e h ourly earnings fo r se le cte d occu pation al g rou p s, and p e rce n ts of in c r e a s e fo r se le cte d p e rio d s A. O ccupational earn ings: A - l. O ffice o ccu p a tion s m en and w om en A -2. P r o fe s s io n a l and te ch n ica l occu p ation s m en and w om en A -3. O ffice, p r o fe s s io n a l, and te ch n ica l occu p a tion s m en and w om en com bin ed A -4. M aintenance and pow erp lan t occu p ation s A -5. C u stodial and m a te ria l m ovem en t occu p ation s 13. A ppendix. O ccupational d escrip tion s For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D C., Price 30 cents

4 Preface The B ureau o f L abor S ta tistics p rogra m of annual o c c u p a tional w age su rv e y s in m etro p o lita n a reas is d esign ed to p rovid e data on occu p a tion a l earn in g s, and establish m en t p r a c tic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age p r o v is io n s. It y ie ld s d etailed data by sele cte d industry d iv isio n fo r each o f the a reas studied, fo r g eogra p h ic regio n s, and fo r the United States. A m a jo r co n sid e ra tio n in the p rogra m is the need fo r g re a te r in sigh t into (1) the m ov em en t of w ages by o c c u p a tion al c a te g o r y and sk ill le v e l, and (2) the stru ctu re and le v e l of w ages am ong a rea s and in d u stry d iv is io n s. At the end of each su rvey, an individual a rea bulletin p r e sents the r e s u lts. A fter com p le tio n of a ll individual a rea bu lletin s fo r a round of su r v e y s, tw o su m m ary bu lletin s are issu e d. The fir s t b rin g s data fo r each of the m etrop olita n a rea s studied into one bu lletin. The secon d p rese n ts in form a tion w hich has been p r o je c te d fr o m in d i vidual m etro p o lita n a rea data to rela te to g eographic regio n s and the United S tates. N in ety -fou r a reas cu rre n tly a re in clu d ed in the p r o g r a m. In each a re a, in form a tion on occu p ation al earn ings is c o lle c te d annually and on establish m en t p r a c tic e s and su pplem en tary w age p r o v isio n s b ien n ia lly. T h is bu lletin p resen ts resu lts of the su rvey in San J o se, C a lif., in M a rch The Standard M etrop olitan S ta tistica l A r e a, as defin ed by the O ffice of M anagem ent and Budget (fo r m e r ly the B ureau of the Budget) through January 1968, c o n s ists of Santa C lara County. T h is study w as conducted by the B u reau 's regio n a l o ffice in San F r a n c is c o, C a lif., under the g en era l d irectio n of D. B ru ce H anchett, D eputy R egion al D ire c to r fo r O p era tion s. Note: S im ila r re p o rts a re a v ailab le fo r other a r e a s. b a ck c o v e r.) (See in sid e

5 In tro d u c tio n T h is a r e a is 1 o f 94 in w h ich the U.S. D ep artm en t o f L a b o r 's B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s con d u cts su r v e y s o f o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and re la te d b e n e fits on an a r e a w id e b a s i s. 1 b in ed. E a rn in g s data fo r som e o f the o c cu p a tio n s lis te d and d e s c r ib e d, o r fo r so m e in d u stry d iv is io n s w ithin o c cu p a tio n s, a r e not p resen ted in the A - s e r i e s. ta b le s, b e c a u s e e ith e r (l) e m p loy m en t in the occu p a tion is to o s m a ll to p r o v id e enough data to m e r it p r e se n ta tio n, o r (2) th ere is p o s s ib ilit y o f d is c lo s u r e o f in d iv id u a l esta b lis h m e n t data. E arn in gs data not show n s e p a r a te ly fo r in d u stry d iv is io n s are in clu ded in the o v e r a ll c la s s ific a t io n w hen a s u b c la s s ific a tio n o f s e c r e t a r ie s o r tr u c k d r iv e r s is not show n o r in fo rm a tio n to s u b c la s s ify is not a v a ila b le. T h is b u lletin p r e s e n ts c u r r e n t o c cu p a tio n a l e m p loy m en t and e a rn in g s in fo rm a tio n obtain ed la r g e ly by m a il fr o m the e sta b lish m e n ts v is ite d by B u rea u fie ld e c o n o m is t s in the la st p r e v io u s su r v e y fo r o c cu p a tio n s r e p o rte d in that e a r lie r study. P e r s o n a l v is it s w e r e m ade to n on resp on d en ts and to th ose re sp o n d e n ts re p o rtin g unusual changes s in c e the p r e v io u s su r v e y. O cc u p a tio n a l e m p loy m en t and ea rn in g s data a r e shown fo r fu ll-t im e w o r k e r s, i. e., th ose h ir e d to w o rk a re g u la r w e e k ly sch ed u le. E a rn in g s data ex clu d e p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s, and late sh ifts. N on p rod u ction bon u ses a re e x clu d ed, but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g a llo w a n ce s and in cen tiv e earn in g s a re in clu d ed. W h ere w e e k ly h o u rs a r e r e p o r t e d, as fo r o ffic e c le r i c a l o c c u p a tio n s, r e fe r e n c e is to the stan dard w ork w eek (roun ded to the n e a r e s t h a lf hour) fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th eir r e g u la r stra ig h ttim e s a la r ie s (e x c lu s iv e o f pay fo r o v e r t im e at r e g u la r a n d /o r p r e m iu m r a te s ). A v e r a g e w e e k ly ea rn in g s fo r th ese occu p a tion s have been roun ded to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r. In ea ch a r e a, data a re ob ta in ed fr o m r e p r e s e n ta tiv e e s t a b lis h m e n ts w ithin six b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s : M an u fa ctu rin g; t r a n s p o r ta tio n, c o m m u n ica tio n, and oth er p u b lic u tilitie s ; w h o le s a le tra d e ; r e ta il tra d e ; fin a n ce, in s u r a n c e, and r e a l e sta te ; and s e r v ic e s. M a jo r in d u stry g rou p s e x clu d e d fr o m th ese stu d ies a r e g o v e rn m e n t o p e r a tio n s and the c o n s tr u c tio n and e x tr a c tiv e in d u s tr ie s. E s ta b lis h m e n ts having fe w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b er o f w o r k e r s a re om itted b e c a u se th ey tend to fu rn ish in s u ffic ie n t em p lo y m e n t in the o c cu p a tio n s studied to w a rra n t in clu s io n. S ep a ra te ta bu la tion s a r e p r o v id e d fo r ea ch of the b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s w h ich m e e t p u b lica tio n c r it e r ia. T h e se s u r v e y s m e a s u r e the le v e l o f o c cu p a tio n a l earn in gs in an a r e a at a p a r t ic u la r tim e. C o m p a r is o n s o f in div idu al o ccu p a tion a l a v e r a g e s o v e r tim e m a y not r e fle c t e x p e cte d w age ch a n g es. The a v e r a g e s fo r in d iv id u a l jo b s a r e a ffe c te d b y ch a n g es in w ag es and em p lo y m e n t p a tte rn s. F o r e x a m p le, p r o p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s em p loy ed by h ig h - o r lo w -w a g e fir m s m a y change o r h ig h -w a g e w o r k e r s m ay ad va n ce to b e tte r jo b s and be r e p la c e d b y new w o r k e r s at lo w e r ra tes. Such sh ifts in em p lo y m e n t co u ld d e c r e a s e an occu p a tio n a l a v e ra g e even though m o s t e sta b lis h m e n ts in an a r e a in c r e a s e w a g es during the y ea r. T re n d s in ea rn in g s o f o c cu p a tio n a l g ro u p s, shown in ta ble 2, a re b etter in d ic a t o r s o f w age tren d s than in div idu al jo b s w ithin the g rou p s. T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e co n d u cte d on a sa m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in su rv e y in g a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts. To obtain op tim u m a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t, a g r e a te r p r o p o r t io n o f la r g e than o f s m a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts is stu d ied. In com b in in g the data, h o w e v e r, a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts a r e g iv en th e ir a p p ro p r ia te w eigh t. E s tim a te s b a s e d on the e sta b lis h m e n ts stu d ied a r e p r e s e n te d, t h e r e fo r e, as rela tin g to a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts in the in d u stry g rou p in g and a r e a, e x c e p t fo r th ose b e lo w the m in im u m s iz e studied. O ccu p a tio n s and E a rn in gs The o c cu p a tio n s s e le c t e d fo r study a re c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s, and a r e o f the fo llo w in g ty p e s : ( l) O ffic e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (3) m a in ten a n ce and p o w e rp la n t; and (4) c u s to d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m en t. O cc u p a tio n a l c la s s ific a t io n is b a se d on a u n ifo r m set o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d e s ig n e d to take a cco u n t o f in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t v a r ia tio n in du ties w ithin the sa m e jo b. T he o c cu p a tio n s s e le c t e d f o r study a r e lis te d and d e s c r ib e d in the ap pen dix. U n less o th e r w is e in d ica te d, the ea rn in g s data fo llo w in g the jo b title s a r e fo r a ll in d u s tr ie s c o m T h e a v e r a g e s p r e s e n te d r e fle c t c o m p o s ite, a rea w id e e s t i m a te s. In d u stries and e sta b lis h m e n ts d iffe r in pay le v e l and jo b staffin g and, th u s, con trib u te d iffe r e n t ly to the e stim a te s fo r each jo b. T h e pay r e la tio n s h ip obtain a ble fr o m the a v e r a g e s m a y fa il to r e fle c t a c c u r a t e ly the w age sp re a d o r d iffe r e n t ia l m a in tain ed am ong jo b s in in d iv id u a l e sta b lis h m e n ts. S im ila r ly, d iffe r e n c e s in a v e r a g e pay le v e ls fo r m en and w om en in any o f the s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n s should not be a s su m e d to r e fle c t d iffe r e n c e s in pa y trea tm en t o f the se x e s w ithin in d iv id u a l e sta b lis h m e n ts. O th er p o s s ib le fa c t o r s w hich m ay c o n 1 Included in the 94 areas are eight studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These trib u te to d iffe r e n c e s in pay fo r m en and w om en in clu d e: D iffe r e n c e s areas are Binghamton, N.Y. (New York portion only); Durham, N. C. ; Fort Lauderdale Hollywood and in p r o g r e s s io n w ith in e s ta b lis h e d rate r a n g e s, sin ce on ly the actu al West Palm Beach, F la.; Huntsville, A la.; Poughkeepsie Kingston Newburgh, N.Y.; Rochester, N.Y. ra te s pa id in cu m b en ts a r e c o lle c t e d ; and d iffe r e n c e s in s p e c ific duties (o ffice occupations only); Syracuse, N. Y. ; and Utica Rome, N.Y. In addition the Bureau conducts p e r fo r m e d, although the w o r k e r s a r e c la s s ifi e d a p p ro p r ia te ly w ithin more lim ited area studies in 64 areas at the request of the Employment Standards Administration of the sa m e s u r v e y jo b d e s c r ip tio n. Job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed in c la s s ify in g the U. S. Department of Labor. Digitized for FRASER 1

6 2 em p lo y e e s in th ese su rv ey s are u su ally m o r e g e n e ra lized than those u sed in individual establish m en ts and allow fo r m in or d iffe ren ces am ong e sta b lish m en ts in the s p e c ific duties p e r fo rm e d. O ccu p ation a l em p loym en t estim a tes repre sen t the total in all establish m en ts w ithin the scop e o f the study and not the num ber actu a lly su rvey ed. B e ca u se o f d iffe r e n c e s in occu p ation al stru ctu re am ong esta b lish m en ts, the estim ates o f occu p a tion a l em p loym ent obtained from the sam ple o f e stab lish m en ts studied se rv e only to in dicate the relative im p orta n ce o f the jo b s studied. T h ese d iffe r e n c e s in occu p ation al stru ctu re do not a ffe c t m a te r ia lly the a c c u r a c y o f the earnings data. E sta blish m en t P r a c tic e s and S upplem entary W age P r o v is io n s Tabulations on selected establishm ent p r a c tic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age p r o v is io n s ( B -s e r ie s tables) a re not p resen ted in this bu lletin. In form ation fo r these tabulations is c o lle c te d bien n ially. T h ese tabulations on m inim um en tran ce sa la rie s fo r in e x p e rie n ced w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s; shift d iffe ren tia ls; sch eduled w eek ly h o u rs; paid h o lid a y s; paid v a ca tion s; and health, in su ra n ce, and p en sion plans are p rese n te d (in the B -s e r ie s tables) in p revio u s bu lletin s fo r this area.

7 Table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in San Jose, C alif.,1 by major industry division/ March 1972 In d u s try d iv is io n M in im u m e m p lo y m e n t in esta blish - m en ts in s c o p e o f stu d y N um ber o f establishm ents W ith in s c o p e o f stu d y 3 S tu died W orkers in establishm ents W ithin scope of study4 S tu died N u m b e r P e r c e n t A l l d i v is i o n s , ,5 6 9 M a n u fa c tu r in g , ,7 8 6 N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g , , 783 T r a n s p o r t a t io n, c o m m u n ic a t io n, and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s , , 682 W h o le s a le tr a d e , ,0 8 1 R e t a il tra d e , , 644 F inance, in su ra n ce, and rea l estate , , 622 S e r v i c e s , , T h e San J o s e S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a tis t ic a l A r e a, a s d e fin e d b y th e O ffic e o f M a n a g e m e n t an d B u d get ( f o r m e r l y th e B u r e a u o f th e B u d get) th ro u g h J a n u a ry , c o n s is t s o f Santa C la r a C o u n ty. T h e " w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s tu d y " e s t im a t e s sh ow n in th is ta b le p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a t e d e s c r ip t io n o f th e s i z e and c o m p o s itio n o f th e la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in the s u r v e y. T h e e s t im a t e s a r e n ot in te n d e d, h o w e v e r, t o s e r v e a s a b a s is o f c o m p a r is o n w ith o th e r e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s f o r th e a r e a t o m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t t r e n d s o r le v e l s s in c e (1) p la n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s th e u s e o f e s t a b lis h m e n t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in a d v a n c e o f th e p a y r o ll p e r io d s tu d ie d, and (2) s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e e x c lu d e d from the scop e of the survey. 2 The 1967 edition of the Standard Industrial C la ssifica tion M anual was used in cla ssify in g establishm ents by industry division. 3 In c lu d e s a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith t o t a l e m p lo y m e n t at o r a b o v e th e m in im u m lim it a t io n. A l l o u tle ts (w ith in the a r e a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in su ch in du stries as trade, fin an ce, auto rep air s e r v ice, and m otion pictu re theaters a re con sid ered as 1 establishm ent. 4 Includes all w ork ers in a ll establishm ents w ith total em ploym ent (w ithin the area ) at or above the m inim um lim itation. 5 A bbreviated to "p u b lic u tilitie s " in the A - s e r ie s ta b les. T axica bs and se r v ice s in cidental to w ater tran sp ortation w ere excluded. 6 T his industry d iv ision is rep resen ted in estim ates fo r " a ll in d u stries " and " nonm anufacturing" in the S eries A ta b les. Separate presen tation of data fo r this division is not m ade fo r one or m ore of the follow in g rea son s : (1) E m ploym ent in the d iv ision is too sm a ll to p rovid e enough data to m erit s e p a r a t e stu d y, (2) th e s a m p le w a s n ot d e s ig n e d in it ia lly t o p e r m it s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t io n, (3 ) r e s p o n s e w a s in s u ffic ie n t o r in a d e q u a te to p e r m it s e p a r a t e presen ta tion, and (4) there is p ossib ility of d isclosu re of individual establishm ent data. 7 H o te ls and m o t e ls ; la u n d r ie s and o th e r p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b ile r e p a i r, r e n t a l, and p a r k in g ; m o t io n p ic t u r e s ; n o n p r o fit m em bersh ip organizations (excluding relig iou s and ch aritable orga n iza tion s ); and engineering and a rch itectu ra l s e r v ice s. T w o - t h ir d s o f th e w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f the s u r v e y in th e San J o s e a r e a w e r e e m p lo y e d in m a n u fa c tu r in g f i r m s. T h e fo llo w in g p r e s e n t s th e m a jo r in d u s t r y g r o u p s and sp e cific in du stries as a p ercen t of all m anufacturing: Industry groups E l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t and s u p p lie s O rd n a n c e and a c c e s s o r i e s 18 F o o d and k in d r e d p r o d u c t s 17 M a c h in e r y, e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l 15 S p ecific in du stries E lectron ic com ponents and a c c e s s o r i e s 2 1 O r d n a n c e 16 Canned, cu red, and frozen f o o d s 13 E le ctric test and distributing e q u ip m e n t 9 O ffic e and c o m p u tin g m a c h in e s 9 T h is in fo r m a t io n is b a s e d on e s t im a t e s o f to ta l e m p lo y m e n t d e r iv e d f r o m u n iv e r s e m a t e r ia ls c o m p ile d p r i o r t o a c tu a l s u r v e y. P r o p o r t io n s in v a r io u s in d u s t r y d iv is io n s m a y d iffer fro m p rop ortion s based on the resu lts of the survey as show n in table 1 above.

8 W a g e T re n d s fo r S e le c te d O c c u p a tio n a l G ro u p s P resen te d in table 2 a re in dexes and p ercen ta ges o f change in average s a la rie s o f o ffic e c le r ic a l w o rk e rs and in dustrial n u rses, and in average earn ings o f se le cte d p lantw ork er grou p s. The indexes are a m ea su re o f w ages at a given tim e, e x p re s sed as a p ercen t of w ages during the base p e rio d. Subtracting 100 fro m the index yield s the p ercen ta ge change in w ages fr o m the ba se p e rio d to the date of the index. The p e rce n ta g e s o f change o r in crease relate to wage changes betw een the in d icated dates. Annual rates of in c r e a s e, w here shown, r e fle c t the am ount o f in cre a s e fo r 12 m onths when the tim e p e rio d betw een su rveys w as oth er than 12 m onths. T h ese com putations w ere based on the assu m ption that w ages in cr e a s e d at a constant rate betw een su rv e y s. T h ese e stim a tes a re m e a su re s of change in a v e r ages fo r the a rea; they a re not intended to m ea su re average pay changes in the establishm ents in the area. M ethod of Com puting E ach o f the follow in g key occu p ation s within an occu p ation al group w as assign ed a constant w eight based on its proportion ate e m ploym ent in the occu pation al grou p; O ffic e c le r ic a l (m e n and w o m e n ): O ffic e c le r ic a l (m e n and w o m e n ) B ookk e e p in g -m a c h in e C o n tin u e d op erators, class B C lerk s, a c c o u n tin g, classes A and B C lerk s, f i le, classes A, B, and C C lerk s, ord er C lerk s, p a y ro ll C o m p to m e te r operators K e yp u n ch o p e ra to rs, classes A and B O ffic e boys and girls S ecre ta rie s S ten ograph ers, g en era l S ten ograph ers, sen ior S w itch boa rd op erators, classes A and B T a b u la tin g -m a c h in e op erators, class B Typists, classes A and B Industrial nurses (m e n and w o m e n ): N urses, in du strial (r e g iste re d ) S k ille d m a in te n a n ce (m e n ): C arpenters E le ctricia n s M ach in ists M e c h a n ics M e c h a n ics (a u to m o tiv e ) Painters P ip efitters T ool and die makers U n sk illed p la n t (m e n ): Janitors, porters, and cle a n e rs Laborers, m a te r ia l h a n d lin g The average (mean) earnings fo r each occu pation w ere m u ltip lie d by the occu p a tion a l w eigh t, and the p rod u cts fo r all occu p ation s in the group w e re totaled. The a g g regates fo r 2 con secu tiv e y ears w ere related by dividing the aggregate fo r the later year b y the a g g re gate fo r the e a r lie r yea r. The resultant rela tiv e, less 100 p ercen t, show s the p ercen ta g e change. The index is the p rod u ct o f m ultiplying the base year rela tive (100) by the rela tive fo r the next su cceed in g year and continuing to m u ltiply (com pound) each y e a r 's rela tive by the p revio u s y e a r 's index. F o r o ffic e c le r ic a l w o rk e rs and in d u stria l n u rse s, the w age trends relate to regu la r w eek ly sa la rie s fo r the n orm al w ork w eek, e x clu siv e o f earn ings fo r o v e rtim e. F o r p lantw ork er g rou p s, they m ea su re changes in average stra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earn in gs, excluding p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eek en d s, h olid a ys, and late sh ifts. The p ercen ta ges are based on data fo r selected key o c c u pations and include m ost o f the n u m e rica lly im portan t jo b s within each group. L im itation s o f Data The in dexes and p ercen ta g es o f change, as m e a su re s of change in area a v e ra g e s, are influenced by: (1) g en eral sa la ry and w age ch anges, (2) m e rit o r oth er in cr e a s e s in pay re ce iv e d by in d i vidual w o rk e r s w hile in the sam e jo b, and (3) changes in average w ages due to changes in the la b or fo r c e resu ltin g fro m la b or tu rn o v e r, fo r c e ex p an sion s, fo r c e reduction s, and changes in the p r o p o r tions o f w o rk e rs em p loyed by estab lish m en ts with d ifferen t pay le v e ls. Changes in the la b or fo r c e can cau se in c r e a s e s o r d e c re a s e s in the occu p ation al a v era g es without actu al w age changes. It is con ceiv a b le that even though all establish m en ts in an area gave w age in cre a s e s, a verage w ages m ay have d eclin ed b e ca u se lo w e r-p a y in g establishm ents en tered the area o r expanded th eir w ork fo r c e s. S im ila rly, w ages m ay have rem ain ed re la tiv e ly constan t, yet the a v e ra g e s fo r an area m ay have risen co n s id e ra b ly b eca u se h igh er-p a y in g establishm ents en tered the area. The use o f constant em p loym ent w eights elim in ates the e ffe ct of changes in the p rop ortion of w o rk e rs rep resen ted in each jo b in cluded in the data. The p erce n ta g e s o f change r e fle c t only changes in a verage pay fo r stra ig h t-tim e h ou rs. T h ey a re not in flu enced by changes in standard w ork sch e d u le s, as such, or by p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e. W here n e c e s s a r y, data w e re ad ju sted to rem ove fro m the in d exes and p e rce n ta g e s of change any sign ifican t effe ct cau sed by changes in the scop e of the su rvey. 4

9 Table 2. Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups in San Jose, Calif., August 1971 and March 1972, and percents of increase for selected periods A ll in d u s t r ie s M a n u fa ctu r in g P e r i o d O ffic e c l e r i c a l (m e n and w o m e n ) In d u s tr ia l n u r s e s (m e n and w o m e n ) S k ille d m a i n te n a n ce t r a d e s (m e n ) U n s k ille d p la n t- w o r k e r s (m e n ) O f f ic e c l e r i c a l (m e n and w o m e n ) In d u s tr ia l n u r s e s (m e n and w o m e n ) S k ille d m a in te n a n c e tra des (m e n ) U n s k ille d p la n t- w o r k e r s (m e n ) Indexes (S eptem ber 1967 = 100) A u g u s t M a r c h P e r c e n t s o f i n c r e a s e S e p te m b e r 1965 t o S e p t e m b e r S e p te m b e r 1966 t o S e p t e m b e r S e p te m b e r 1967 t o S e p t e m b e r S e p te m b e r 1968 t o S e p t e m b e r S e p te m b e r 1969 to A u g u st 1970: 11 -m o n th in c r e a s e A n n u a l r a te o f i n c r e a s e A u g u st 1970 t o A u g u s t August 1971 to M a rch 1972: 7 -m o n th i n c r e a s e A n n u a l r a te o f i n c r e a s e

10 6 A. Occupational earnings T able A-1. O ffice occupations men and women (A verage straight-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, San J ose, Calif., M arch 1972) S e x, o c c u p a tio n, and in d u stry d iv isio n Weekly earnings * (standard) Number of w orkers receiving straight -tim e weekly earnings of * t * t $ * * * $ S i i $» s * *» S % Number Average n o A of weekly Under workers hours ^ Mpan ^ Median ^ Middle range ^ $ and [standard) 80 under and A o v e r H E N C L E R K S, A C C O U N T I N G, C L A S S A A A. 0 0 $ $ A A 13 C L E R K S. O R D E R A O. O A 1A j j t N b c K j l U r r l U k O U T 3 V M A N U F A C T U R I N G A3 AO W O M E N B O O K K E E P I N G - M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R S, A7 AO.O 1 A A B O O K K E E P I N G - M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R S, A5 A O. O A A O. O A 7.00 ' 73 *7 18 P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S A O. O ~ * " - 8 ~ _ i on o n A A ft a a * n 1 1 n *"n ^ N U N n A N U ra L 1 U K ln b * 3^ * 0 0 ^ AO.O A H A N U fa L 1 U K 1 Nw A O. O g N O N M A N U F AC T U R 1NG C L E R K S, FILE, C L A S S C L L t K A 5, U K U th i t o * o o ^ q " 5 Q L L C K A j, r A T K U L L n A N U r A L 1U K 1 Nu NUN HANUr A L 1 UK Arab AG t o * * ^r J ' t o * o 130* *"0 1 3 C * ' N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G A O. O 1 A A A A. 50 * - - I 2 3 I ~ A t T r U N L n U r L K A! U K5 j I L A j o D A O. O 1 0 A A j c L K t 1 A K I t j * 829 A6 AO.O A See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s.

11 7 Table A-1. Office occupations men and w o m en-----continued (Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, San Jose, C alif., M arch 1972) S e x, o cc u p a tio n, and in d u stry d iv isio n Number of woikere weekly (standard) Weekly earnings 1 (standard) M ean2 M edian2 Middle range2 % l i $ $ $ %, U nder % and 80 under Num ber of wo r k e rs r e c e iv in g s tr a ig h t-tim e w eek ly e a rn in gs o f t t S $ % * i I---- t t and W O M E N - C O N T I N U E D S E C R E T A R I E S - C O N T I N U E D $ $ $ $ S E C R E T A R I E S, C L A S S A M A N U F A C T U R I N G N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G S E C R E T A R I E S, C L A S S B M A N U F A C T U R I N G N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G S E C R E T A R I E S, C L A S S C , M A N U F A C T U R I N G N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G S E C R E T A R I E S, C L A S S , M A N U F A C T U R I N G N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G S T E N O G R A P H E R S, G E N E R A L M A N U F A C T U R I N G N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G S T E N O G R A P H E R S, S E N I O R M A N U F A C T U R I N G N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G * S W I T C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R S, C L A S S A M A N U F A C T U R I N G N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G S W I T C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R S, C L A S S B N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G S W I T C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R - R E C E P T I O N I S T S M A N U F A C T U R I N G N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G T Y P I S T S, C L A S S A M A N U F A C T U R I N G N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G T Y P I S T S, C L A S S B M A N U F A C T U R I N G N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G _ _ * * * " * _ * 1 1 * i - _ _ _ See fo otn otes at end o f ta b le s.

12 8 Table A -2. Professional and technical occupations men and w om en (A verage straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, San Jose, C alif., M arch 1972) S e x, o cc u p a tio n, and in d u stry d iv is io n Number of weekly (standard) Weekly earnings 1 dard) M ean2 M edian2 Middle range2 N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s tr a ig h t-tim e w eek ly e a rn in gs o f $ % % $ * $ $ % $ $ $ ri i i i $ $ i i i r and under and tso Q???0?4Q J6Q 380 over KEN COMPUTER OPERATORS, CLASS A $ $ $ COMPUTER OPERATORS, CLASS B NONMANUFACTURING COMPUTER OPERATORS, CLASS C COMPUTER PROGRAMERS, BUSINESS, CLASS A NON COMPUTER PROGRAMERS, BUSINESS, CLASS B NON COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS, BUSINESS, CLASS A NON COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS, BUSINESS, CLASS * * _ * _ * * * * * * * * _ e COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS, BUSINESS, CLASS C DRAFTSMEN, CLASS A NON DRAFTSMEN, CLASS B NON DRAFTSMEN, CLASS C DRAFTSMEN-TRACERS ELECTRONIC TECHNICIANS WOMEN 1, ,510 COMPUTER PROGRAMERS, BUSINESS, CLASS A o >* O COMPUTER PROGRAMERS, BUSINESS, CLASS B MANUFACTURING NURSES, INDUSTRIAL IREGISTERED) * * * * - _ _ * * * * * * * C ~ * * * See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s.

13 9 Table A -3. Office, professional, and technical occupations men and wom en combined (A verage straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, San J ose, C alif., M arch 1972) Av erage Av erage A v.,,*. O ccu p a tion and in d u stry d iv is io n Number of Weekly hours 1 (standard Weekly earnings 1 (standard) O ccu p a tion and in d u stry d iv isio n Number of Weekly hours 1 (standard] Weekly earnings 1 (standard) O ccu p a tion and in dustry d iv isio n Number of Weekly (standard) Weekly earnings 1 (standard) OFFICE OCCUPATIONS BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS. CLASS A BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS B CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A PUBLIC UTILITIES CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B CLERKS, FILE, CLASS A $ * OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - CONTINUED SECRETARIES - CONTINUED SECRETARIES, CLASS B SECRETARIES, CLASS C SECRETARIES, CLASS D STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS - CONTINUED $ COMPUTER OPERATORS, CLASS C $ COMPUTER PROGRAMERS, BUSINESS, CLASS A , COMPUTER PROGRAMERS, 1, BUSINESS, CLASS B NON COMPUTER PROGRAMERS, BUSINESS, CLASS C NON CLERKS, FILE, CLASS B CLERKS, FILE, CLASS C CLERKS, ORDER CLERKS, PAYROLL KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B MESSENGERS (OFFICE BOYS AND GIRLSI- SECRETARIES PUBLIC UTILITIES SECRETARIES, CLASS A , , STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS A SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS B SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTI ONISTS- TYPISTS, CLASS A TYPISTS, CLASS B PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS COMPUTER OPERATORS, CLASS A COMPUTER OPERATORS, CLASS B COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS, BUSINESS, CLASS A COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS, BUSINESS, CLASS B COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS, BUSINESS, CLASS C DRAFTSMEN, CLASS A NON DRAFTSMEN, CLASS B NON DRAFTSMEN, CLASS C DRAFTSMEN-TRACERS ELECTRONIC TECHNICIANS , , NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s.

14 10 T a b le A -4. M aintenance and p o w erplan t occupations (A verage straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, San Jose, C alif., M arch 1972) S e x, o cc u p a tio n, and in d u stry d iv isio n Hourly earnings^ N u m ber o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a rn in gs o f * $ i * $ * % i i $! t $ S S $ $ S» * * * Number of workers Mean2 Median^ Middle range * and and under , o v e r HEN $ $ $ $ MANUFACTURING * * ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE e « J ?9 2 j?n 3m O r MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE _ MANUFACTURING * ~ MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE! MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC UTILITIES MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE _ MANUFACTURING PAINTERS, MAINTENANCE _ 15 _ _ MANUFACTURING PIPEFITTERS, MAINTENANCE _ - _ - - _ 1 _ _ 0 u -» Ft _ r ni y, * W orkers w ere distributed as follow s : 30 at $ 6.20 to $ 6.40; 27 at $ 6.40 to $ 6.60; 11 at $ 6.60 to $ 6.80; and 6 at $ 6.80 to $ 7. S ee fo o tn o te s at end o f ta bles.

15 11 Table A -5. Custodial and material movem ent occupations (Average straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, San J ose, C alif., M arch 1972) S e x, occu p a tio n, and in d u stry d iv ision Hourly earnings^ Mumber of w orker s receiving straight-tim e hourly ea rnings of Number of workers Mean ^ Median^ Middle range ^ Unde S r and u n d er i 1 2. A t * * * 3. A O * $ $ A. 0 0 $ A. 2 0 s A. A 0 * A. 6 0 s A. 8 0 * t $ 5. A 0 * * t» A A A. 00 A. 20 A. A0 A. 60 A A , o v e r M E N J A N I T O R S, P O R T E R S, A N D C L E A N E R S , N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G T 7 A $ $ $ $ A A A A \ } A A A A A A A9 3. A3- A. AA : A2 25 M A N U F A C T U R I N G A 1 25 A. A A A A A. A S H I P P I N G A N D R E C E I V I N G C L E R K S A A 2 - A. l A A A 1 A ^ ^ 0 6 P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S A ?n n A TRUCKDRIVERS, LIGHT (UNDER T R U C K D R I V E R S, M E D I U M ( 1-1 / 2 T O A A T R U C K D R I V E R S, H E A V Y ( O V E R A T O N S, A T 19 5 l l 2-5 l M- A N U F A- C T U R I- N G ; T R U C K D R I V E R S, H E A V Y ( O V E R A T O N S, HANUrAL luklrlo * 9 0 ^ * W O M E N J A N I T O R S, P O R T E R S, A N O C L E A N E R S * W orkers were distributed as follow s : 81 at $ to $ 6. 40, and 33 at $ to $ See fo o tn o te s at end o f tables

16 12 F o o tn o te s 1 Standard h ours r e fle c t the w ork w eek fo r w hich em p loyees re ce iv e th eir regu lar stra ig h t-tim e s a la rie s (e x clu siv e o f pay at regu lar a n d /o r p rem iu m ra te s ), and the earnings co rr e sp o n d to these w eek ly h ou rs. 2 The m ean is com puted fo r each jo b by totaling the earn ings o f a ll w o rk e rs and dividing by the n um ber o f w o rk e r s, design ates p osition h alf of the em p lo y e e s su rveyed re ce iv e m o re than the rate shown; h alf re ce iv e le s s than the rate shown, range is defined by 2 rates of pay; a fourth of the w ork ers earn le s s than the low er of th ese rates and a fourth earn m o re than the 3 E xclu des prem iu m pay fo r ov ertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid a ys, and late shifts. fo r o v e rtim e The m ed ian The m iddle h igh er rate.

17 Appendix. Occupational Descriptions T h e p r im a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r in g j o b d e s c r ip t io n s f o r th e B u r e a u 's w age s u r v e y s is to a s s i s t its f ie ld s ta ff in c la s s ify in g in to a p p r o p r ia te o c c u p a t io n s w o r k e r s w ho a r e e m p lo y e d u n d e r a v a r ie t y o f p a y r o ll t it le s and d iffe r e n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s fr o m e s t a b lis h m e n t to e s ta b lis h m e n t and f r o m a r e a to a r e a. T h is p e r m it s th e g ro u p in g o f o c c u p a t io n a l w a g e r a t e s r e p r e s e n tin g c o m p a r a b le jo b c o n te n t. B e c a u s e o f th is e m p h a s is on in te r e s t a b lis h m e n t and in t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b ilit y o f o c c u p a t io n a l co n te n t, th e B u r e a u 's jo b d e s c r ip t io n s m a y d iffe r s ig n ific a n t ly fr o m t h o s e in u s e in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s o r t h o s e p r e p a r e d f o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s. In a p p ly in g th e s e jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s, th e B u r e a u 's f ie ld e c o n o m is t s a r e in s t r u c t e d to exclude w orking su p erv isors; appren tices ; lea rn ers; begin n ers ; tra in ees; and handicapped, p a rt-tim e, tem p ora ry, and probation ary w ork ers. O FFIC E B IL L E R, M A C H IN E P r e p a r e s s ta te m e n ts, b il ls, and in v o ic e s o n a m a c h in e o t h e r than an o r d in a r y o r e le c t r o - m a t ic t y p e w r it e r. M a y a ls o k e e p r e c o r d s a s to b illin g s o r sh ip p in g c h a r g e s o r p e r f o r m o th e r c l e r i c a l w o r k in c id e n ta l t o b illin g o p e r a t io n s. F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s, b i l l e r s, m a c h in e, a r e cla ssifie d by type of m ach in e, as follow s : B i ll e r, m a c h in e (b illin g m a c h in e ). U s e s a s p e c ia l b illin g m a c h in e (c o m b in a t io n ty p in g and adding m achin e ) to p rep a re b ills and in v oices from cu sto m e rs' pu rch ase o rd e rs, in ternally p repa red o rd e rs, shipping m em orandum s, e tc. U sually in volves application of p r e d e t e r m in e d d is c o u n t s and sh ip p in g c h a r g e s and e n t r y o f n e c e s s a r y e x t e n s io n s, w h ic h -m a y o r m a y not b e c o m p u te d on the b illin g m a c h in e, and to t a ls w h ic h a r e a u t o m a t ic a lly a c c u m u la te d b y m a c h in e. T h e o p e r a t io n u s u a lly in v o lv e s a la r g e n u m b e r o f c a r b o n c o p ie s o f th e b il l b e in g p repa red and is often done on a fanfold m achin e. B i lle r, m a c h in e (b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e ). U s e s a b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e (w ith o r w ith ou t a typew riter keyboard ) to p rep a re cu stom ers' b ills as part of the accounts receiv a b le op era tio n. G e n e r a lly in v o lv e s th e s im u lta n e o u s e n tr y o f fig u r e s on c u s t o m e r s ' le d g e r r e c o r d. T h e m a c h in e a u t o m a t ic a lly a c c u m u la te s fig u r e s o n a n u m b e r o f v e r t ic a l c o lu m n s and c o m p u te s and usually prints autom atically the debit o r cred it b alan ces. D oes not in volve a know l edge o f bookkeeping. W orks from uniform and standard types o f sa les and cred it slip s. B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p e r a te s a b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e (w ith o r w ith o u t a t y p e w r it e r k e y b o a r d ) t o k e e p a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s t r a n s a c t io n s. C la s s A. K e e p s a s e t o f r e c o r d s r e q u ir in g a k n o w le d g e o f and e x p e r ie n c e in b a s ic b o o k k e e p in g p r in c ip le s, and fa m ilia r it y w ith th e s t r u c t u r e o f th e p a r t ic u la r a c c o u n tin g s y s t e m u s e d. D e t e r m in e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d is t r ib u t io n o f d e b it and c r e d it it e m s t o b e u s e d in e a c h p h a se o f th e w o r k. M a y p r e p a r e c o n s o lid a t e d r e p o r t s, b a la n c e s h e e t s, and o t h e r r e c o r d s b y h a n d. C la s s B. K e e p s a r e c o r d - o f on e o r m o r e p h a s e s o r s e c t io n s o f a s e t o f r e c o r d s u s u a lly r e q u ir in g lit t le k n o w le d g e o f barsic b o o k k e e p in g. P h a s e s o r s e c t io n s in c lu d e a c c o u n ts p a y a b le, p a y r o ll, c u s t o m e r s ' a c c o u n ts (n ot in c lu d in g a s im p le ty p e o f b illin g d e s c r i b e d u n d e r b il le r, m a c h in e ), c o s t d is t r ib u t io n, e x p e n s e d is t r ib u t io n, in v e n t o r y c o n t r o l, e t c. M a y c h e c k o r a s s i s t in preparation o f tria l balances and p rep a re con trol sheets fo r the accounting departm ent. C L E R K, A C C O U N T IN G P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e a c c o u n tin g c l e r i c a l ta s k s s u c h as p o s tin g to r e g i s t e r s and le d g e r s : r e c o n c ilin g bank a c c o u n ts ; v e r ify in g th e in te r n a l c o n s is t e n c y, c o m p le t e n e s s, and m a th e m a t ic a l a c c u r a c y o f a c c o u n tin g d o c u m e n ts ; a s s ig n in g p r e s c r ib e d a c c o u n tin g d is t r ib u t io n c o d e s ; e x a m in in g and v e r ify in g f o r c l e r i c a l a c c u r a c y v a r io u s ty p e s o f r e p o r t s, l i s t s, c a lc u la t io n s, p o s t in g, e t c.; o r p r e p a r in g s im p le o r a s s is t in g in p r e p a r in g m o r e c o m p lic a t e d jo u r n a l v o u c h e r s. M a y w o r k in either a m anual o r autom ated accounting system. T h e w o r k r e q u ir e s a k n o w le d g e o f c l e r i c a l m e th o d s and o f f ic e p r a c t ic e s and p r o c e d u r e s w h ic h r e la t e s to th e c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s in g and r e c o r d in g o f t r a n s a c t io n s and a c c o u n tin g in fo r m a t io n. W ith e x p e r ie n c e, th e w o r k e r t y p ic a lly b e c o m e s fa m ilia r w ith th e b o o k k e e p in g and a c c o u n tin g t e r m s and p r o c e d u r e s u s e d in th e a s s ig n e d w o r k, but is n ot r e q u ir e d to h a v e a k n o w le d g e o f th e f o r m a l p rin cip les o f bookkeeping and accoun ting. C L E R K, A C C O U N T IN G C o n tin u e d P osition s are cla s sifie d into lev els on the b asis o f the follow ing definitions. C la s s A. U n d er g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n, p e r f o r m s a c c o u n tin g c l e r i c a l o p e r a t io n s w h ich requ ire the application o f exp erien ce and judgm ent, fo r exam ple, cle rica lly p rocessin g co m p lic a t e d o r n o n r e p e t it iv e a c c o u n tin g t r a n s a c t io n s, s e le c t in g a m o n g a su b s ta n tia l v a r ie t y o f p r e s c r ib e d a c c o u n tin g c o d e s and c la s s i f ic a t i o n s, o r t r a c in g tr a n s a c t io n s th ro u g h p r e v io u s a c c o u n tin g a c t io n s to d e t e r m in e s o u r c e o f d i s c r e p a n c i e s. M a y b e a s s is t e d b y on e o r m o r e cla ss B accounting cle rk s. C lass B. U nder clo se su p ervision, follow ing detailed in stru ction s and standardized p r o c e d u r e s, p e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e ro u tin e a c c o u n tin g c l e r i c a l o p e r a t io n s, s u c h as p o s tin g to le d g e r s, c a r d s, o r w o r k s h e e t s w h e r e id e n t if ic a t io n o f it e m s and lo c a t io n s o f p o s tin g s a r e c l e a r ly in d ic a te d ; c h e c k in g a c c u r a c y and c o m p le t e n e s s o f s ta n d a r d iz e d and r e p e t it iv e r e c o r d s or accounting docum ents ; and coding docum ents using a few p re scrib e d accounting cod es. C L E R K, F IL E F i l e s, c l a s s i f i e s, and r e t r ie v e s m a t e r ia l in an e s t a b lis h e d filin g s y s t e m. M ay p e r f o r m c l e r i c a l and m a n u a l ta s k s r e q u ir e d t o m a in ta in f i le s. P o s it io n s a r e c l a s s i f ie d in to le v e ls o n the b asis o f the follow in g definitions. C lass A. C la ssifies and indexes file m a teria l such as corresp on d en ce, rep orts, tech n ic a l d o c u m e n t s, e t c., in an e s t a b lis h e d filin g s y s t e m c o n ta in in g a n u m b e r o f v a r ie d s u b je c t m a tte r f i le s. M a y a ls o f ile th is m a t e r ia l. M a y k e e p r e c o r d s o f v a r io u s ty p e s in c o n ju n c tio n w ith th e f i l e s. M a y le a d a s m a ll g r o u p o f lo w e r le v e l f i le c l e r k s. C lass B. S orts, cod es, and files u n cla ssified m a teria l by sim ple (subject m atter) headin g s o r p a r t ly c l a s s i f ie d m a t e r ia l b y fin e r s u b h e a d in g s. P r e p a r e s s im p le r e la te d in d e x and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e a id s. A s r e q u e s t e d, lo c a t e s c l e a r ly id e n tifie d m a te r ia l in f ile s and f o r w ards m a teria l. M ay p erform related cle rica l tasks req u ired to m aintain and service files. C la s s C. P e r f o r m s r o u tin e filin g o f m a t e r ia l that h a s a lr e a d y b e e n c l a s s i f ie d o r w h ich is e a s ily c l a s s i f ie d in a s im p le s e r ia l c l a s s i f ic a t i o n s y s t e m ( e.g., a lp h a b e tic a l, c h r o n o lo g ic a l, o r n u m e r ic a l). A s r e q u e s t e d, lo c a t e s r e a d ily a v a ila b le m a t e r ia l in f i le s and fo r w a r d s m a t e r ia l; and m a y f i l l ou t w ith d ra w a l c h a r g e. M a y p e r f o r m s im p le c l e r i c a l and m a n u al ta s k s req u ired to m aintain and se rv ice file s. C L E R K, O R D E R R e c e iv e s c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s f o r m a t e r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e by m a il, p h o n e, o r p e r s o n a lly. D u tie s in v o lv e an y c o m b in a t io n o f the f o llo w in g : Q u o tin g p r ic e s t o c u s t o m e r s ; m a k in g out an o r d e r s h e e t lis t in g the it e m s t o m a k e u p th e o r d e r ; c h e c k in g p r ic e s and q u a n titie s o f it e m s on o r d e r s h e e t; and d is tr ib u tin g o r d e r s h e e ts t o r e s p e c t iv e d e p a r tm e n ts to b e f ille d. M a y c h e c k w ith c r e d it d e p a r tm e n t to d e t e r m in e c r e d it ra tin g o ( c u s t o m e r, a c k n o w le d g e r e c e ip t o f o r d e r s fr o m c u s t o m e r s, fo llo w up o r d e r s to s e e th at th e y h a v e b e e n f i ll e d, k e e p file o f o r d e r s r e c e iv e d, and c h e c k sh ip p in g in v o ic e s w ith o r ig in a l o r d e r s. C L E R K, P A Y R O L L C o m p u te s w a g e s o f c o m p a n y e m p lo y e e s and e n t e r s th e n e c e s s a r y data on the p a y r o ll s h e e t s. D u tie s in v o lv e : C a lc u la tin g w o r k e r s ' e a r n in g s b a s e d o n t im e o r p r o d u c tio n r e c o r d s ; and p o s tin g c a lc u la t e d d a ta on p a y r o ll s h e e t, s h o w in g in fo r m a t io n s u c h a s w o r k e r 's n a m e, w o rk in g d a y s, t im e, r a t e, d e d u c tio n s f o r in s u r a n c e, and to ta l w a g e s d u e. M a y m a k e out p a y c h e c k s and a ssist paym aster in m aking up and distributing pay en velop es. M ay use a calculating m achin e. N O TE: The Bureau has discontinued collectin g data fo r o ile rs and plu m b ers. 13

18 14 C O M P T O M E T E R O P E R A T O R P r i m a r y d u ty is to o p e r a t e a C o m p to m e t e r to p e r f o r m m a th e m a t ic a l c o m p u t a t io n s. T h is job is not to be con fu sed w ith that o f sta tistica l o r other type o f clerk, w hich m ay in volve fr e qu en t u s e o f a C o m p t o m e t e r b u t, in w h ic h, u s e o f th is m a c h in e is in c id e n ta l to p e r f o r m a n c e o f oth er du ties. K E Y P U N C H O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a k e y p u n c h m a c h in e to r e c o r d o r v e r i f y a lp h a b e tic a n d /o r n u m e r ic da ta on tabulating ca rd s o r on tape. P osition s a re cla s s ifie d into le v e ls on the basis o f the iollow in g defin ition s. C lass A. W ork req u ires the application o f ex p erien ce and judgm ent in selectin g p r o c e d u r e s to b e f o llo w e d and in s e a r c h in g f o r, in t e r p r e t in g, s e le c t in g, o r c o d in g it e m s to b e k e y p u n ch e d f r o m a v a r ie t y o f s o u r c e d o c u m e n t s. O n o c c a s io n m a y a ls o p e r f o r m s o m e r o u tin e keypunch w ork. M ay tra in in exp erien ced keypunch o p era tors. C la s s B. W o r k is r o u tin e and r e p e t it iv e. U n d er c l o s e s u p e r v is io n o r fo llo w in g s p e c i f ic p r o c e d u r e s o r in s t r u c t io n s, w o r k s fr o m v a r io u s s t a n d a r d iz e d s o u r c e d o c u m e n ts w h ic h h a ve b e e n c o d e d, and f o llo w s s p e c i f ie d p r o c e d u r e s w h ic h h a ve b e e n p r e s c r ib e d in d e t a il and r e q u ir e lit t le o r n o s e le c t in g, c o d in g, o r in te r p r e t in g o f da ta to b e r e c o r d e d. R e f e r s to s u p e r v is o r p r o b l e m s a r is in g f r o m e r r o n e o u s it e m s o r c o d e s o r m is s in g in fo r m a t io n. M ESSENGER ( O ffice B oy o r G irl) P e rfo r m s variou s routine duties such as running erra n d s, operating m in or o ffice m a c h in e s s u c h a s s e a le r s o r m a i l e r s, o p e n in g and d is t r ib u t in g m a il, and o t h e r m in o r c l e r i c a l w o r k. E xclude p osition s that req u ire operation o f a m otor veh icle as a sign ificant duty. S E C R E T A R Y A s s ig n e d a s p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y, n o r m a lly to o n e in d iv id u a l. M a in ta in s a c l o s e and h ig h ly resp on siv e relation sh ip to the d a y - to - d a y w ork o f the su p e rv iso r. W orks fa irly independently r e c e iv in g a m in im u m o f d e t a ile d s u p e r v is io n and g u id a n c e. P e r f o r m s v a r ie d c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r ia l du ties, usually including m ost o f the follow in g : a. R e c e iv e s te le p h o n e c a l l s, p e r s o n a l c a l l e r s, and in c o m in g m a il, a n s w e r s r o u tin e in q u ir ie s, an d r o u t e s t e c h n ic a l in q u ir ie s t o th e p r o p e r p e r s o n s ; b. E s t a b lis h e s, m a in t a in s, and r e v i s e s th e s u p e r v is o r 's f i le s ; c. d. M aintains the s u p e rv is o r 's calen dar and m akes appointm ents as in stru cted; R elay s m e ssa g e s from su p erv isor to subordinates; e. R e v ie w s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e, m e m o r a n d u m s, and r e p o r t s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s f o r the s u p e r v i s o r 's s ig n a t u r e to a s s u r e p r o c e d u r a l and ty p o g r a p h ic a c c u r a c y ; f. P e rfo rm s stenograph ic and typing w ork. M a y a ls o p e r f o r m o t h e r c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r ia l ta s k s o f c o m p a r a b le n a tu re and d iffic u lt y. T h e w o r k t y p ic a lly r e q u i r e s k n o w le d g e o f o f f i c e r o u tin e and u n d e rsta n d in g o f th e o r g a n iz a t io n, p ro g ra m s, and p roced u res related to the w ork of the su p erv isor. E x c lu s io n s N ot a ll p o s it io n s th at a r e t it le d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s th e a b o v e c h a r a c t e r is t i c s. o f p osition s w hich a re exclu ded from the definition are as follow s : E x a m p le s S E C R E T A R Y C o n tin u e d N O T E : T h e t e r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r, " u s e d in th e le v e l d e fin it io n s fo llo w in g, r e f e r s to t h o s e o f f ic i a ls w h o h a v e a s ig n ific a n t c o r p o r a t e - w i d e p o lic y m a k in g r o l e w ith r e g a r d t o m a jo r c o m p a n y a c t iv i t ie s. T h e t it le " v i c e p r e s i d e n t, th ou g h n o r m a lly in d ic a t iv e o f th is r o l e, d o e s n ot in all ca se s identify such p osition s. V ice p residen ts w hose p rim a ry resp on sib ility is to act p e r s o n a lly o n in d iv id u a l c a s e s o r t r a n s a c t io n s ( e.g., a p p r o v e o r d e n y in d iv id u a l lo a n o r c r e d i t a c t io n s ; a d m in is t e r in d iv id u a l tr u s t a c c o u n ts ; d i r e c t ly s u p e r v is e a c l e r i c a l s ta ff) a r e n ot c o n s id e r e d t o be " co rp o ra te o ffic e r s " fo r pu rp oses o f applying the follow ing lev el d efin ition s. C la s s A 1. S e c r e t a r y t o th e c h a ir m a n o f th e b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p lo y s, in a ll, o v e r 100 but f e w e r th an 5,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 2. S e c r e t a r y t o a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r (o t h e r th a n th e c h a ir m a n o f th e b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t ) o f a com pany that em p loy s, in all, ov er 5, 000 but few er than 25, 000 p e rso n s ; or 3. S e c r e t a r y to th e h e a d, im m e d ia t e ly b e lo w th e c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r l e v e l, o f a m a jo r s e g m e n t o r s u b s id ia r y o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p lo y s, in a ll, o v e r 2 5,0 0 0 p e r s o n s. C la s s B 1. S e c r e t a r y to th e c h a ir m a n o f th e b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t o f a c o m p a n y th at e m p lo y s, in a ll, fe w e r th an 100 p e r s o n s ; o r 2. S e c r e t a r y to a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r (o t h e r th an th e c h a ir m a n o f th e b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t ) o f a c o m p a n y th at e m p lo y s, in a ll, o v e r 100 bu t f e w e r th a n 5,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 3. S e c r e t a r y to th e h e a d, im m e d ia t e ly b e lo w th e o f f i c e r l e v e l, o v e r e it h e r a m a jo r c o r p o r a t e - w i d e fu n c tio n a l a c t iv it y ( e.g., m a r k e t in g, r e s e a r c h, o p e r a t io n s, in d u s t r ia l r e l a - t io n s, e t c.) o r a m a jo r g e o g r a p h ic o r o r g a n iz a t io n a l s e g m e n t ( e.g., a r e g io n a l h e a d q u a r t e r s ; a m a jo r d iv is io n ) o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p lo y s, in a ll, o v e r 5,0 0 0 but fe w e r th an 2 5,0 0 0 e m p l o y e e s ; o r 4. S e c r e t a r y to th e h e a d o f an in d iv id u a l p la n t, f a c t o r y, e t c. ( o r o t h e r e q u iv a le n t le v e l o f o f f ic i a l) th at e m p lo y s, in a ll, o v e r 5,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 5. S e c r e t a r y to th e h e a d o f a la r g e and im p o r t a n t o r g a n iz a t io n a l s e g m e n t ( e.g., a m id d le m a n a g e m e n t s u p e r v is o r o f an o r g a n iz a t io n a l s e g m e n t o ft e n in v o lv in g a s m a n y a s s e v e r a l h u n d r e d p e r s o n s ) o r a c o m p a n y th at e m p l o y s, in a ll, o v e r 2 5,0 0 0 p e r s o n s. C la s s C 1. S e c r e t a r y t o an e x e c u t iv e o r m a n a g e r ia l p e r s o n w h o s e r e s p o n s i b il it y i s not e q u iv a le n t to on e o f th e s p e c i f ic le v e l s itu a tio n s in th e d e fin it io n f o r c l a s s B, but w h o s e o r g a n iz a t io n a l unit n orm a lly n um bers at lea st sev era l dozen em p loy ees and is usually divided into o rg a n iza t io n a l s e g m e n t s w h ic h a r e o ft e n, in tu r n, fu r t h e r s u b d iv id e d. In s o m e c o m p a n ie s, th is le v e l in clu des a w ide range o f organ ization al ech elon s ; in oth ers, only one o r tw o ; or 2. S e c r e t a r y t o th e h e a d o f an in d iv id u a l p la n t, f a c t o r y, e t c. ( o r o t h e r e q u iv a le n t le v e l o f o f f ic i a l) that e m p lo y s, in a ll, fe w e r th an 5,0 0 0 p e r s o n s. C la s s D 1. S e c r e t a r y t o th e s u p e r v is o r o r h e a d o f a s m a ll o r g a n iz a t io n a l u n it ( e.g., fe w e r than a bou t 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ) ; or 2. S e c r e t a r y to a n o n s u p e r v is o r y s ta ff s p e c i a l is t, p r o f e s s io n a l e m p lo y e e, a d m in is t r a t iv e o f f i c e r, o r a s s is t a n t, s k ille d te c h n ic ia n o r e x p e r t. (N O T E : M a n y c o m p a n ie s a s s ig n s t e n o g r a p h e r s, r a t h e r th a n s e c r e t a r i e s a s d e s c r i b e d a b o v e, to th is le v e l o f s u p e r v is o r y o r n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r.) S T E N O G R A P H E R a. P osition s w hich do not m eet the " p e rso n a l" se cre ta ry con cept d escrib ed above; b. Sten ograph ers not fu lly trained in se cre ta ria l type duties; c. " S t e n o g r a p h e r s s e r v in g a s o f f i c e a s s is t a n t s t o a g r o u p o f p r o f e s s io n a l, t e c h n ic a l, o r m a n a g e r ia l p e r s o n s ; d. S ecreta ry position s in w hich the duties are eith er substantially m ore routine or substantially m o re com p lex and resp on sib le than those ch a ra cterized in the definition ; e. A ssista n t type position s w hich in volve m ore d ifficu lt or m o re resp on sib le tech n ic a l, a d m in is t r a t iv e, s u p e r v is o r y, o r s p e c i a l iz e d c l e r i c a l d u tie s w h ic h a r e n ot t y p ic a l o f s e c r e t a r ia l w o r k. P r i m a r y du ty is to ta k e d ic t a t io n u s in g s h o r th a n d, and to t r a n s c r i b e th e d ic t a t io n. M a y a ls o ty p e fr o m w r itte n c o p y. M a y o p e r a t e fr o m a s t e n o g r a p h ic p o o l. M a y o c c a s io n a lly t r a n s c r i b e fr o m v o ic e r e c o r d in g s (if p r im a r y du ty is t r a n s c r ib in g f r o m r e c o r d in g s, s e e T r a n s c r ib in g - M a c h in e O p e r a t o r, G e n e r a l). N O T E : T his job is distinguished from that o f a se cre ta ry in that a secreta ry n orm a lly w o r k s in a c o n f id e n t ia l r e la t io n s h ip w ith o n ly o n e m a n a g e r o r e x e c u t iv e and p e r f o r m s m o r e resp on sib le and d iscretion a ry tasks as d escrib ed in the s e cre ta ry job defin ition. S t e n o g r a p h e r, G e n e r a l D ic ta tio n in v o lv e * a n o r m a l r o u tin e v o c a b u la r y. M a y m a in ta in f i l e s, k e e p s im p le r e c o r d s, o r p e r f o r m o t h e r r e la t iv e ly r o u tin e c l e r i c a l t a s k s.

19 15 S T E N O G R A P H E R C o n t in u e d T A B U L A T I N G - M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R ( E l e c t r i c A c c o u n t i n g M a c h in e O p e r a t o r ) C o n t in u e d S te n o g ra p h e r, S e n io r or P o s i t i o n s a r e c l a s s i f i e d in to l e v e l s o n t h e b a s i s o f t h e f o l l o w i n g d e f in i t io n s. D ic t a t i o n i n v o l v e s a v a r i e d t e c h n i c a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y s u c h a s in l e g a l b r i e f s r e p o r ts on s c ie n t ific r e s e a r c h. M a y a l s o s e t u p a n d m a in t a in f i l e s, k e e p r e c o r d s, e t c. OR P e r f o r m s s t e n o g r a p h ic d u t ie s r e q u i r in g s i g n i f i c a n t l y g r e a t e r in d e p e n d e n c e a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t y th a n s t e n o g r a p h e r, g e n e r a l, a s e v i d e n c e d b y t h e f o l l o w i n g : W o r k r e q u i r e s a h ig h d e g r e e o f s t e n o g r a p h ic s p e e d a n d a c c u r a c y ; a t h o r o u g h w o r k i n g k n o w le d g e o f g e n e r a l b u s in e s s and o f f i c e p r o c e d u r e ; and o f th e s p e c i f ic b u s in e s s o p e r a t io n s, o r g a n iz a tio n, p o l i c i e s, p r o c e d u r e s, f i l e s, w o r k f lo w, e t c. U s e s t h is k n o w le d g e in p e r f o r m i n g s t e n o g r a p h ic d u t i e s a n d r e s p o n s i b l e c l e r i c a l t a s k s s u c h a s m a in t a in in g fo l lo w u p f i l e s ; a s s e m b l i n g m a t e r i a l f o r r e p o r t s, m e m o r a n d u m s, a n d l e t t e r s ; c o m p o s i n g s i m p l e l e t t e r s f r o m g e n e r a l i n s t r u c t i o n s ; r e a d i n g and r o u t in g in c o m in g m a i l ; a n d a n s w e r i n g r o u t in e q u e s t i o n s, e t c. S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R C l a s s A. O p e r a t e s a s i n g l e - o r m u l t i p l e - p o s i t i o n t e le p h o n e s w i t c h b o a r d h a n d lin g i n c o m i n g, o u t g o in g, in t r a p la n t o r o f f i c e c a l l s. P e r f o r m s fu ll t e le p h o n e i n f o r m a t i o n s e r v i c e o r h a n d le s c o m p l e x c a l l s, s u c h a s c o n f e r e n c e, c o l l e c t, o v e r s e a s, o r s i m i l a r c a l l s, e i t h e r in a d d it io n t o d o in g r o u t i n e w o r k a s d e s c r i b e d f o r s w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r, c l a s s B, o r a s a f u l l - t i m e a s s i g n m e n t. ( " F u l l " t e le p h o n e i n f o r m a t i o n s e r v i c e o c c u r s w h e n th e e s t a b l is h m e n t h a s v a r i e d fu n c t io n s th a t a r e n o t r e a d i l y u n d e r s t a n d a b le f o r t e le p h o n e in f o r m a t i o n p u r p o s e s, e. g., b e c a u s e o f o v e r l a p p i n g o r in t e r r e l a t e d f u n c t io n s, a n d c o n s e q u e n t l y p r e s e n t fr e q u e n t p r o b l e m s a s t o w h ic h e x t e n s io n s a r e a p p r o p r ia t e f o r c a l l s. ) C l a s s B. O p e r a t e s a s i n g le - o r m u l t i p l e - p o s i t i o n t e le p h o n e s w i t c h b o a r d h a n d lin g i n c o m i n g, o u t g o in g, in t r a p la n t o r o f f i c e c a l l s. M a y h a n d le r o u t in e lo n g d i s t a n c e c a l l s a n d r e c o r d t o l l s. M a y p e r f o r m l i m i t e d t e le p h o n e i n f o r m a t i o n s e r v i c e. ( " L i m i t e d " t e le p h o n e in f o r m a t i o n s e r v i c e o c c u r s i f th e fu n c t io n s o f t h e e s t a b l is h m e n t s e r v i c e d a r e r e a d i l y u n d e r s t a n d a b le f o r t e le p h o n e i n f o r m a t i o n p u r p o s e s, o r i f t h e r e q u e s t s a r e r o u t i n e, e. g., g iv in g e x t e n s i o n n u m b e r s w h e n s p e c i f i c n a m e s a r e f u r n is h e d, o r i f c o m p l e x c a l l s a r e r e f e r r e d t o a n o t h e r o p e r a t o r. ) T h e s e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s d o n o t in c lu d e a s s i s t c u s t o m e r s in p l a c in g c a l l s. s w itc h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s in t e le p h o n e co m p a n ie s w ho S W I T C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T I O N I S T In a d d it io n t o p e r f o r m i n g d u t i e s o f o p e r a t o r o n a s i n g l e - p o s i t i o n o r m o n i t o r - t y p e s w i t c h b o a r d, a c t s a s r e c e p t i o n i s t a n d m a y a l s o t y p e o r p e r f o r m r o u t in e c l e r i c a l w o r k a s p a r t o f r e g u l a r d u tie s. T h is t y p in g o r c l e r i c a l w o r k m a y ta k e t h e m a j o r p a r t o f t h is w o r k e r 's t i m e w h ile at s w itc h b o a r d. T A B U L A T I N G -M A C H I N E OPERATOR ( E l e c t r i c A c c o u n t i n g M a c h in e O p e r a t o r ) O p e r a t e s o n e o r a v a r i e t y o f m a c h in e s s u c h a s t h e t a b u l a t o r, c a l c u l a t o r, c o l l a t o r, i n t e r p r e t e r, s o r t e r, r e p r o d u c i n g p u n c h, e t c. E x c l u d e d f r o m t h is d e f in i t io n a r e w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s. A l s o e x c l u d e d a r e o p e r a t o r s o f e l e c t r o n i c d i g it a l c o m p u t e r s, e v e n th o u g h t h e y m a y a l s o o p e r a t e E A M e q u ip m e n t. C la s s A. P e r f o r m s c o m p l e t e r e p o r t i n g a n d t a b u la t in g a s s i g n m e n t s in c lu d in g d e v i s in g d i f f i c u l t c o n t r o l p a n e l w ir in g u n d e r g e n e r a l s u p e r v i s i o n. A s s ig n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e a v a r i e t y o f lo n g a n d c o m p l e x r e p o r t s w h ic h o ft e n a r e i r r e g u l a r o r n o n r e c u r r i n g, r e q u i r in g s o m e p la n n in g o f th e n a t u r e a n d s e q u e n c i n g o f o p e r a t i o n s, a n d th e u s e o f a v a r i e t y o f m a ch in e s. I s t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e d in t r a in i n g n e w o p e r a t o r s in m a c h in e o p e r a t i o n s o r t r a in i n g l o w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s in w i r i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s a n d in t h e o p e r a t i n g s e q u e n c e s o f lo n g a n d c o m p le x r e p o r t s. D o e s n o t in c lu d e p o s i t i o n s in w h ic h w ir in g r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i s l i m i t e d t o s e le c t io n and in s e r t io n o f p r e w ir e d b o a r d s. C la s s B. P e r f o r m s w o rk a c c o r d in g to e s ta b lis h e d p r o c e d u r e s and u n d er s p e c i f ic in s t r u c t i o n s. A s s ig n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e c o m p l e t e b u t r o u t in e a n d r e c u r r i n g r e p o r t s or p a r t s o f la r g e r and m o r e c o m p le x r e p o r t s. O p e r a t e s m o r e d i f f i c u l t t a b u la t in g or e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t in g m a c h in e s s u c h a s t h e t a b u l a t o r a n d c a l c u l a t o r, in a d d i t io n t o t h e s i m p l e r m a c h in e s u s e d b y c l a s s C o p e r a t o r s. M a y b e r e q u i r e d t o d o s o m e w ir in g f r o m d i a g r a m s. M a y t r a i n n e w e m p l o y e e s in b a s i c m a c h in e o p e r a t i o n s. C la s s C. U n d e r s p e c i f i c i n s t r u c t i o n s, o p e r a t e s s i m p l e t a b u la t in g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t i n g m a c h i n e s s u c h a s th e s o r t e r, i n t e r p r e t e r, r e p r o d u c i n g p u n c h, c o l l a t o r, e t c. A s s ig n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e p o r t i o n s o f a w o r k u n it, f o r e x a m p l e, in d iv id u a l s o r t i n g o r c o l l a t i n g r u n s, o r r e p e t i t i v e o p e r a t i o n s. M a y p e r f o r m s i m p l e w ir in g f r o m d i a g r a m s, and d o s o m e f i l i n g w o r k. T R A N S C R I B I N G -M A C H I N E OPERATOR, GENERAL P r i m a r y d u ty i s t o t r a n s c r i b e d i c t a t io n in v o l v i n g a n o r m a l r o u t in e v o c a b u l a r y f r o m t r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e r e c o r d s. M a y a ls o ty p e fr o m w ritte n c o p y and do s im p le c l e r i c a l w o rk. W o r k e r s t r a n s c r i b i n g d i c t a t io n i n v o l v i n g a v a r i e d t e c h n i c a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y s u c h a s l e g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s o n s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h a r e n o t i n c lu d e d. A w o r k e r w h o t a k e s d i c t a t io n in s h o r t h a n d o r b y S t e n o t y p e o r s i m i l a r m a c h in e i s c l a s s i f i e d a s a s t e n o g r a p h e r. T Y P IS T U s e s a t y p e w r it e r to m a k e c o p ie s o f v a r io u s m t io n s h a v e b e e n m a d e b y a n o t h e r p e r s o n. M a y in c lu d e r i a l s f o r u s e in d u p li c a t in g p r o c e s s e s. M a y d o c l e r i c a l a s k e e p in g s i m p l e r e c o r d s, f i li n g r e c o r d s a n d r e p o r t s, a t e r i a l s o r t o m a k e o u t b i l l s a ft e r c a l c u l a t y p in g o f s t e n c i l s, m a t s, o r s i m i l a r m a t e w o r k i n v o l v i n g li t t l e s p e c i a l t r a in i n g, s u c h o r s o r t i n g a n d d i s t r ib u t in g in c o m in g m a i l. C la s s A. P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : T y p in g m a t e r i a l in fin a l f o r m w h e n it i n v o l v e s c o m b in i n g m a t e r i a l f r o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s ; o r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r c o r r e c t s p e ll in g, s y l l a b i c a t i o n, p u n c t u a t io n, e t c., o f t e c h n i c a l o r u n u s u a l w o r d s o r f o r e i g n la n g u a g e m a t e r i a l ; o r p la n n in g la y o u t a n d t y p in g o f c o m p l i c a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l t a b l e s t o m a in t a in u n i f o r m i t y a n d b a l a n c e in s p a c i n g. M a y t y p e r o u t in e f o r m l e t t e r s, v a r y i n g d e t a i l s t o s u it c i r c u m s t a n c e s. C la s s B. P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : C o p y t y p in g f r o m ro u g h o r c l e a r d r a f t s ; o r r o u t in e t y p in g o f f o r m s, i n s u r a n c e p o l i c i e s, e t c. ; o r s e t t in g u p s i m p l e s t a n d a r d ta b u la tio n s ; o r c o p y in g m o r e c o m p le x ta b le s a lr e a d y s e t up and s p a c e d p r o p e r ly. P R O F E S S IO N A L A N D T E C H N IC A L COM PUTER COM PU TER OPERATO R M o n i t o r s a n d o p e r a t e s th e c o n t r o l c o n s o l e o f a d i g it a l c o m p u t e r t o p r o c e s s d a t a a c c o r d i n g t o o p e r a t i n g i n s t r u c t i o n s, u s u a l ly p r e p a r e d b y a p r o g r a m e r. W o r k in c lu d e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : S t u d ie s i n s t r u c t i o n s t o d e t e r m in e e q u ip m e n t s e t u p a n d o p e r a t i o n s ; lo a d s e q u ip m e n t w ith r e q u i r e d i t e m s (t a p e r e e l s, c a r d s, e t c. ) ; s w i t c h e s n e c e s s a r y a u x i l i a r y e q u ip m e n t in to c i r c u i t, a n d s t a r t s a n d o p e r a t e s c o m p u t e r ; m a k e s a d ju s t m e n t s t o c o m p u t e r t o c o r r e c t o p e r a t i n g p r o b l e m s a n d m e e t s p e c i a l c o n d i t i o n s ; r e v i e w s e r r o r s m a d e d u r in g o p e r a t i o n a n d d e t e r m i n e s c a u s e o r r e f e r s p r o b l e m t o s u p e r v i s o r o r p r o g r a m e r ; a n d m a in t a in s o p e r a t i n g r e c o r d s. M a y t e s t and a s s i s t in c o r r e c t i n g p rog ra m. F or w age s tu d y p u r p o s e s, com p u ter o p e r a to r s a re c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : C la s s A. O p e r a t e s in d e p e n d e n t ly, o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n, a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f t h e f o l lo w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : N e w p r o g r a m s a r e fr e q u e n t l y t e s t e d a n d i n t r o d u c e d ; s c h e d u l in g r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e o f c r i t i c a l im p o r t a n c e t o m i n i m i z e d o w n t im e : th e p r o g r a m s a r e o f c o m p l e x d e s i g n s o th a t id e n t i f i c a t i o n o f e r r o r s o u r c e o ft e n r e q u i r e s a w o r k in g k n o w le d g e o f t h e t o t a l p r o g r a m, a n d a lt e r n a t e p r o g r a m s m a y n o t b e a v a i l a b l e. M a y g iv e d i r e c t i o n and g u id a n c e t o l o w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s. C la s s B. O p e r a t e s in d e p e n d e n t ly, o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n, a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f th e fo l lo w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : M o s t o f t h e p r o g r a m s a r e e s t a b l is h e d p r o d u c tio n r u n s, t y p ic a lly ru n o n a r e g u la r ly r e c u r r in g b a s is ; t h e re is lit t le o r n o te s tin g Digitized for FRASER O P E R A T O R C o n t in u e d o f n e w p r o g r a m s r e q u i r e d ; a lt e r n a t e p r o g r a m s a r e p r o v i d e d in c a s e o r i g i n a l p r o g r a m n e e d s m a j o r c h a n g e o r c a n n o t b e c o r r e c t e d w it h in a r e a s o n a b l e t i m e. In c o m m o n e r r o r s i t u a t i o n s, d i a g n o s e s c a u s e a n d t a k e s c o r r e c t i v e a c t i o n. T h is u s u a l ly i n v o l v e s a p p ly in g p r e v i o u s l y p r o g r a m e d c o r r e c t i v e s t e p s, o r u s in g s t a n d a r d c o r r e c t i o n t e c h n i q u e s. OR O p e r a t e s u n d e r d i r e c t s u p e r v i s i o n a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g p r o g r a m s o r s e g m e n t s o f p r o g r a m s w ith t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A. M a y a s s i s t a h i g h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r b y in d e p e n d e n t ly p e r f o r m i n g l e s s d i f f i c u l t t a s k s a s s i g n e d, a n d p e r f o r m i n g d i f f i c u l t t a s k s f o l lo w i n g d e t a il e d in s t r u c t i o n s a n d w ith f r e q u e n t r e v i e w o f o p e r a t i o n s p e r f o r m e d. C la s s C. W o r k s o n r o u t in e p r o g r a m s u n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n. Is e x p e c te d to d e v e lo p w o r k in g k n o w l e d g e o f th e c o m p u t e r e q u ip m e n t u s e d a n d a b i l i t y t o d e t e c t p r o b l e m s i n v o l v e d in r u n n in g r o u t in e p r o g r a m s. U s u a lly h a s r e c e i v e d s o m e f o r m a l t r a in i n g in c o m p u t e r o p e r a t i o n. M a y a s s is t h ig h e r le v e l o p e r a t o r o n c o m p le x p r o g r a m s. COM PUTER P R O G R A M E R, B U SIN E SS C o n v e r t s s t a t e m e n t s o f b u s i n e s s p r o b l e m s, t y p i c a l l y p r e p a r e d b y a s y s t e m s a n a ly s t, in to a s e q u e n c e o f d e t a il e d in s t r u c t i o n s w h ic h a r e r e q u i r e d t o s o l v e th e p r o b l e m s b y a u t o m a t ic d a ta p r o c e s s i n g e q u ip m e n t. W o r k in g f r o m c h a r t s o r d i a g r a m s, th e p r o g r a m e r d e v e l o p s t h e p r e c i s e i n s t r u c t io n s w h ic h, w h e n e n t e r e d in to t h e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in c o d e d la n g u a g e, c a u s e th e m a n ip u la t io n

20 16 COM PU TER P R O G R A M E R, B U SIN E SS C o n t in u e d COM PUTER o f d a ta t o a c h i e v e d e s i r e d r e s u l t s. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : A p p l ie s k n o w le d g e o f c o m p u t e r c a p a b i l i t i e s, m a t h e m a t i c s, l o g i c e m p l o y e d b y c o m p u t e r s, and p a r t i c u l a r s u b j e c t m a t t e r i n v o l v e d t o a n a l y z e c h a r t s a n d d i a g r a m s o f th e p r o b l e m t o b e p r o g r a m e d ; d e v e l o p s s e q u e n c e o f p r o g r a m s t e p s ; w r i t e s d e t a il e d f l o w c h a r t s t o s h o w o r d e r in w h ic h d a ta w il l b e p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e r t s t h e s e c h a r t s t o c o d e d i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r m a c h in e to f o l l o w ; t e s t s a n d c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r o p e r a t i n g p e r s o n n e l d u r in g p r o d u c t io n ru n ; a n a l y z e s, r e v i e w s, a n d a l t e r s p r o g r a m s t o i n c r e a s e o p e r a t i n g e f f i c i e n c y o r a d a p t t o n e w r e q u i r e m e n t s ; m a in t a in s r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d e v e l o p m e n t a n d r e v i s i o n s. (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g b o th s y s t e m s a n a l y s is and p r o g r a m in g s h o u ld b e c l a s s i f i e d a s s y s t e m s a n a ly s t s i f t h is i s th e s k il l u s e d t o d e t e r m in e t h e i r p a y.) D o e s n o t i n c lu d e e m p l o y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r th e m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v i s i o n o f o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c d a t a p r o c e s s i n g e m p l o y e e s, o r p r o g r a m e r s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c i e n t i f i c a n d / o r e n g in e e r in g p r o b l e m s. F o r w age stu d y p u r p o s e s, program ers a re c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : C l a s s A. W o r k s in d e p e n d e n t ly o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o n c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s w h ic h r e q u i r e c o m p e t e n c e in a l l p h a s e s o f p r o g r a m i n g c o n c e p t s a n d p r a c t i c e s. W o r k in g f r o m d i a g r a m s a n d c h a r t s w h ic h i d e n t if y th e n a t u r e o f d e s i r e d r e s u l t s, m a j o r p r o c e s s i n g s t e p s t o b e a c c o m p l i s h e d, a n d th e r e l a t i o n s h i p s b e t w e e n v a r i o u s s t e p s o f th e p r o b l e m s o l v i n g r o u t in e ; p la n s t h e fu l l r a n g e o f p r o g r a m i n g a c t io n s n e e d e d t o e f f i c i e n t l y u t il iz e t h e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in a c h i e v i n g d e s i r e d e n d p r o d u c t s. A t t h is l e v e l, p r o g r a m i n g i s d i f f i c u l t b e c a u s e c o m p u t e r e q u ip m e n t m u s t b e o r g a n i z e d to p r o d u c e s e v e r a l i n t e r r e l a t e d b u t d i v e r s e p r o d u c t s f r o m n u m e r o u s a n d d i v e r s e d a ta e l e m e n t s. A w id e v a r i e t y a n d e x t e n s i v e n u m b e r o f in t e r n a l p r o c e s s i n g a c t i o n s m u s t o c c u r. T h is r e q u i r e s s u c h a c t io n s a s d e v e l o p m e n t o f c o m m o n o p e r a t i o n s w h ic h c a n b e r e u s e d, e s t a b l is h m e n t o f lin k a g e p o i n t s b e t w e e n o p e r a t i o n s, a d ju s t m e n t s t o d a ta w h e n p r o g r a m r e q u i r e m e n t s e x c e e d c o m p u t e r s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y, a n d s u b s t a n t ia l m a n ip u la t io n a n d r e s e q u e n c in g o f d a ta e le m e n t s t o f o r m a h i g h l y in t e g r a t e d p r o g r a m. M a y p r o v i d e fu n c t io n a l d i r e c t i o n t o l o w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m e r s w h o a r e a s s ig n e d to a s s is t. C la s s B. W o r k s in d e p e n d e n t ly o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o n r e l a t i v e l y s i m p l e p r o g r a m s, o r o n s im p le se g m e n ts o f c o m p le x p r o g r a m s. P r o g r a m s ( o r s e g m e n t s ) u s u a l ly p r o c e s s i n f o r m a t i o n t o p r o d u c e d a ta in tw o o r t h r e e v a r i e d s e q u e n c e s o r f o r m a t s. R e p o r t s a n d l i s t i n g s a r e p r o d u c e d b y r e f in i n g, a d a p t in g, a r r a y i n g, o r m a k in g m i n o r a d d i t io n s t o o r d e l e t i o n s f r o m in p u t d a ta w h ic h a r e r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e. W h ile n u m e r o u s r e c o r d s m a y b e, p r o c e s s e d, t h e d a ta h a v e b e e n r e f i n e d in p r i o r a c t io n s s o th a t th e a c c u r a c y a n d s e q u e n c i n g o f d a t a c a n b e t e s t e d b y u s in g a fe w r o u t in e c h e c k s. T y p i c a l l y, t h e p r o g r a m d e a l s w ith r o u t in e r e c o r d - k e e p i n g t y p e o p e r a t i o n s. OR W o r k s o n c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s (a s d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A ) u n d e r c l o s e d i r e c t i o n o f a h i g h e r le v e l p r o g r a m e r o r s u p e r v is o r. M a y a s s i s t h i g h e r l e v e l p r o g r a m e r b y in d e p e n d e n t ly p e r fo r m in g le s s d iff ic u lt ta s k s a s s ig n e d, and p e r fo r m in g m o r e d iffic u lt ta s k s u n d e r f a ir ly c lo s e d ir e c t io n. M a y g u id e o r i n s t r u c t l o w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m e r s. C la s s C. M a k e s p r a c t i c a l a p p l ic a t i o n s o f p r o g r a m i n g p r a c t i c e s and c o n c e p t s u s u a lly l e a r n e d in f o r m a l t r a in i n g c o u r s e s. A s s ig n m e n t s a r e d e s ig n e d t o d e v e l o p c o m p e t e n c e in th e a p p l i c a t i o n o f s t a n d a r d p r o c e d u r e s t o r o u t in e p r o b l e m s. R e c e i v e s c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n o n n e w a s p e c t s o f a s s i g n m e n t s ; a n d w o r k i s r e v i e w e d t o v e r i f y i t s a c c u r a c y a n d c o n f o r m a n c e w ith re q u ire d p r o c e d u r e s. COM PU TER S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T, B U SIN E SS A n a ly z e s b u s i n e s s p r o b l e m s t o fo r m u la t e p r o c e d u r e s f o r s o l v i n g t h e m b y u s e o f e l e c t r o n i c d a t a p r o c e s s i n g e q u ip m e n t. D e v e l o p s a c o m p le t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f a ll s p e c i f i c a t i o n s n e e d e d t o e n a b le p r o g r a m e r s t o p r e p a r e r e q u i r e d d i g it a l c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m s. W o r k in v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : A n a l y z e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r o p e r a t i o n s t o b e a u t o m a t e d a n d id e n t i f i e s c o n d it i o n s a n d c r i t e r i a r e q u i r e d to a c h ie v e s a t is fa c t o r y r e s u lt s ; s p e c i fie s n u m b er and ty p e s o f r e c o r d s, f i l e s, and d o c u m e n ts to b e u s e d ; o u t li n e s a c t i o n s t o b e p e r f o r m e d b y p e r s o n n e l a n d c o m p u t e r s in s u f f ic ie n t d e t a il f o r p r e s e n t a t i o n t o m a n a g e m e n t a n d f o r p r o g r a m i n g ( t y p i c a l l y t h is in v o l v e s p r e p a r a t i o n o f w o r k and d a t a f l o w c h a r t s ) ; c o o r d i n a t e s th e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t e s t p r o b l e m s a n d p a r t i c i p a t e s in t r i a l r u n s o f n e w a n d r e v i s e d s y s t e m s ; a n d r e c o m m e n d s e q u ip m e n t c h a n g e s t o o b t a in m o r e e f f e c t i v e o v e r a l l o p e r a t i o n s. (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g b o th s y s t e m s a n a l y s is a n d p r o g r a m i n g s h o u ld b e c l a s s i f i e d a s s y s t e m s a n a l y s t s i f t h is i s t h e s k il l u s e d t o d e t e r m in e t h e ir p a y.) D o e s n o t i n c lu d e e m p l o y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r th e m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v i s i o n o f o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c d a ta p r o c e s s i n g e m p l o y e e s, o r s y s t e m s a n a ly s t s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c i e n t i f i c o r e n g in e e r in g p r o b l e m s. F or w age stu d y p u r p o s e s, sy stem s a n a ly s ts a r e c la s s if ie d as fo llo w s : C la s s A. W o r k s in d e p e n d e n t ly o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o n c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s i n v o lv in g a ll p h a s e s o f s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s. P r o b l e m s a r e c o m p l e x b e c a u s e o f d i v e r s e s o u r c e s o f in p u t d a t a a n d m u l t i p l e - u s e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f o u tp u t d a t a. ( F o r e x a m p le, d e v e l o p s a n in t e g r a t e d p r o d u c t i o n s c h e d u l in g, in v e n t o r y c o n t r o l, c o s t a n a l y s i s, a n d s a le s a n a l y s is r e c o r d in w h ic h Digitized for FRASER S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T, B U S IN E S S C o n t in u e d e v e r y it e m o f e a c h t y p e i s a u t o m a t i c a ll y p r o c e s s e d t h r o u g h th e f u l l s y s t e m o f r e c o r d s a n d a p p r o p r ia t e fo l lo w u p a c t io n s a r e in it ia t e d b y t h e c o m p u t e r.) C o n f e r s w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d t o d e t e r m in e th e d a t a p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v i s e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l o n th e i m p l i c a tio n? o f n ew o r r e v i s e d s y s t e m s o f da ta p r o c e s s in g o p e r a t io n s. M a k e s r e c o m m e n d a t io n s, i f n e e d e d, f o r a p p r o v a l o f m a j o r s y s t e m s i n s t a l la t io n s o r c h a n g e s a n d f o r o b t a in in g e q u ip m e n t. M a y p r o v i d e fu n c t io n a l a s s is t. d ir e c t io n to lo w e r le v e l sy stem s a n a ly s ts w h o a r e a s s ig n e d to C la s s B. W o r k s in d e p e n d e n t ly o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o n p r o b l e m s t h a t a r e r e l a t i v e l y u n c o m p l i c a t e d t o a n a l y z e, p la n, p r o g r a m, a n d o p e r a t e. P r o b l e m s a r e o f l i m i t e d c o m p l e x i t y b e c a u s e s o u r c e s o f in p u t d a ta a r e h o m o g e n e o u s a n d t h e o u tp u t d a ta a r e c l o s e l y r e la te d. ( F o r e x a m p le, d e v e l o p s s y s t e m s f o r m a in t a in in g d e p o s i t o r a c c o u n t s in a b a n k, m a in t a in in g a c c o u n t s r e c e i v a b l e in a r e t a i l e s t a b l is h m e n t, o r m a in t a in i n g i n v e n t o r y a c c o u n t s in a m a n u fa c t u r i n g o r w h o l e s a l e e s t a b l is h m e n t.) C o n f e r s. w i t h p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d t o d e t e r m i n e th e d a ta p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s a n d a d v i s e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l o n t h e i m p l i c a t i o n s o f th e d a ta p r o c e s s i n g s y s t e m s t o b e a p p l ie d. OR W o r k s o n a s e g m e n t o f a c o m p l e x d a ta p r o c e s s i n g s c h e m e o r s y s t e m, a s d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A. W o r k s in d e p e n d e n t ly o n r o u t i n e a s s i g n m e n t s a n d r e c e i v e s i n s t r u c t i o n and g u id a n c e o n c o m p l e x a s s i g n m e n t s. W o r k i s r e v i e w e d f o r a c c u r a c y o f ju d g m e n t, c o m p l i a n c e w it h i n s t r u c t i o n s, a n d to in s u r e p r o p e r a lin e m e n t w it h th e o v e r a l l s y s t e m. C l a s s C. W o r k s u n d e r i m m e d ia t e s u p e r v i s i o n, c a r r y i n g o u t a n a l y s e s a s a s s i g n e d, u s u a l ly o f a s i n g le a c t i v i t y. A s s ig n m e n t s a r e d e s ig n e d t o d e v e l o p a n d e x p a n d p r a c t i c a l e x p e r i e n c e in th e a p p l ic a t i o n o f p r o c e d u r e s a n d s k i l l s r e q u i r e d f o r s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s w o r k. F o r e x a m p l e, m a y a s s i s t a h i g h e r l e v e l s y s t e m s a n a ly s t b y p r e p a r i n g t h e d e t a i l e d s p e c i f i c a t i o n s r e q u i r e d b y p r o g r a m e r s fr o m in fo r m a tio n d e v e lo p e d b y th e h ig h e r le v e l a n a ly s t. DRAFTSM AN C la s s A. P la n s t h e g r a p h i c p r e s e n t a t io n o f c o m p l e x i t e m s h a v in g d i s t i n c t i v e d e s ig n fe a t u r e s t h a t d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m e s t a b l i s h e d d r a f t in g p r e c e d e n t s. W o r k s in c l o s e s u p p o r t w ith t h e d e s i g n o r i g i n a t o r, a n d m a y r e c o m m e n d m i n o r d e s i g n c h a n g e s. A n a ly z e s th e e f f e c t o f e a c h c h a n g e o n t h e d e t a il s o f f o r m, f u n c t io n, a n d p o s i t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f c o m p o n e n ts and p a r t s. W o r k s w ith a m in i m u m o f s u p e r v i s o r y a s s i s t a n c e. C o m p le t e d w o r k is r e v i e w e d b y d e s ig n o r i g i n a t o r f o r c o n s i s t e n c y w ith p r i o r e n g in e e r in g d e t e r m i n a t i o n s. M ay e it h e r p r e p a r e d r a w i n g s, o r d i r e c t t h e i r p r e p a r a t i o n b y l o w e r l e v e l d r a f t s m e n. C l a s s B. P e r f o r m s n o n r o u t in e a n d c o m p l e x d r a f t in g a s s i g n m e n t s th a t r e q u i r e t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f m o s t o f t h e s t a n d a r d iz e d d r a w in g t e c h n i q u e s r e g u l a r l y u s e d. D u t ie s t y p i c a l l y i n v o lv e su ch w o rk a s : P r e p a r e s w o r k i n g d r a w i n g s o f s u b a s s e m b l i e s w it h i r r e g u l a r s h a p e s, m u lt i p l e f u n c t io n s, a n d p r e c i s e p o s i t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s b e t w e e n c o m p o n e n t s ; p r e p a r e s a r c h i t e c t u r a l d r a w i n g s f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n o f a b u ild in g in c lu d in g d e t a il d r a w i n g s o f fo u n d a t i o n s, w a ll s e c t i o n s, f l o o r p l a n s, a n d r o o f. U s e s a c c e p t e d f o r m u l a s a n d m a n u a l s in m a k in g n e c e s s a r y c o m p u t a t i o n s t o d e t e r m i n e q u a n t it ie s o f m a t e r i a l s t o b e u s e d, lo a d c a p a c i t i e s, s t r e n g t h s, s tr e s s e s, e tc. R e c e i v e s in it ia l i n s t r u c t i o n s, r e q u i r e m e n t s, a n d a d v i c e f r o m s u p e r v i s o r. C o m p le t e d w o r k i s c h e c k e d f o r t e c h n i c a l a d e q u a c y. C l a s s C. P r e p a r e s d e t a il d r a w i n g s o f s i n g le u n it s o r p a r t s f o r e n g i n e e r i n g, c o n s t r u c t i o n, m a n u fa c t u r i n g, o r r e p a i r p u r p o s e s. T y p e s o f d r a w i n g s p r e p a r e d i n c lu d e i s o m e t r i c p r o j e c t i o n s (d e p i c t in g t h r e e d i m e n s i o n s in a c c u r a t e s c a l e ) a n d s e c t i o n a l v i e w s t o c l a r i f y p o s it i o n in g o f c o m p o n e n t s a n d c o n v e y n e e d e d i n f o r m a t i o n. C o n s o l i d a t e s d e t a il s f r o m a n u m b e r o f s o u r c e s a n d a d ju s t s o r t r a n s p o s e s s c a l e a s r e q u i r e d. S u g g e s t e d m e t h o d s o f a p p r o a c h, a p p l ic a b l e p r e c e d e n t s, a n d a d v i c e o n s o u r c e m a t e r i a l s a r e g iv e n w ith in it ia l a s s i g n m e n t s. I n s t r u c t io n s a r e le s s c o m p le t e w h en a s s ig n m e n ts r e c u r. W o r k m a y b e s p o t - c h e c k e d d u r in g p r o g r e s s. D R A F T S M A N -T R A C E R C o p i e s p la n s a n d d r a w i n g s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s b y p l a c in g t r a c i n g c l o t h o r p a p e r o v e r d r a w i n g s a n d t r a c i n g w it h p e n o r p e n c i l. (D o e s n o t in c lu d e t r a c i n g l i m i t e d t o p la n s p r i m a r i l y c o n s i s t i n g o f s t r a i g h t l i n e s a n d a l a r g e s c a l e n ot r e q u i r in g c l o s e d e l i n e a t i o n.) A N D /O R P r e p a r e s sim p le o r d u r in g p r o g r e s s. E L E C T R O N IC r e p e t it iv e d r a w in g s o f e a s ily v is u a liz e d it e m s. W o rk is clo s e ly s u p e r v is e d T E C H N IC IA N W o r k s o n v a r i o u s t y p e s o f e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t o r s y s t e m s b y p e r f o r m i n g o n e o r m o r e o f th e fo l lo w i n g o p e r a t i o n s : M o d if y i n g, in s t a l l i n g, r e p a i r i n g, a n d o v e r h a u li n g. T h e s e o p e r a t i o n s r e q u i r e th e p e r f o r m a n c e o f m o s t o r a ll o f th e f o l l o w i n g t a s k s : A s s e m b l i n g, t e s t i n g, a d ju s t in g, c a l i b r a t i n g, t u n in g, a n d a lin in g. W o r k is n o n r e p e t it i v e a n d r e q u i r e s a k n o w le d g e o f th e t h e o r y a n d p r a c t i c e o f e l e c t r o n i c s p e r t a i n in g t o th e u s e o f g e n e r a l and s p e c i a l i z e d e l e c t r o n i c t e s t e q u ip m e n t ; t r o u b l e a n a l y s i s ; a n d t h e o p e r a t i o n, r e l a t i o n s h i p, a n d a lin e m e n t o f e l e c t r o n i c s y s t e m s, s u b s y s t e m s, a n d c i r c u i t s h a v in g a v a r ie t y o f co m p o n e n t p a r t s.

21 17 E L E C T R O N IC N U R S E, IN D U S T R IA L, ( R e g i s t e r e d ) T E C H N I C I A N C o n t in u e d E l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t o r s y s t e m s w o r k e d on t y p i c a l l y in c lu d e on e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : G r o u n d, v e h i c l e, o r a i r b o r n e r a d i o c o m m u n i c a t io n s s y s t e m s, r e l a y s y s t e m s, n a v ig a t io n a id s ; a i r b o r n e o r g r o u n d r a d a r s y s t e m s ; r a d i o a n d t e l e v i s i o n t r a n s m i t t in g o r r e c o r d i n g s y s t e m s ; e l e c t r o n i c c o m p u t e r s ; m i s s i l e a n d s p a c e c r a f t g u id a n c e a n d c o n t r o l s y s t e m s ; in d u s t r i a l a n d m e d i c a l m e a s u r i n g, in d ic a t i n g and c o n t r o l l i n g d e v i c e s ; e t c. (E x c lu d e p r o d u c t io n a s s e m b l e r s a n d t e s t e r s, c r a f t s m e n, d r a f t s m e n, d e s i g n e r s, e n g i n e e r s, a n d r e p a i r m e n o f s u c h s t a n d a r d e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t a s o f f i c e m a c h i n e s, r a d i o a n d t e l e v i s i o n r e c e iv in g s e t s.) A r e g i s t e r e d n u r s e w h o g i v e s n u r s in g s e r v i c e u n d e r g e n e r a l m e d i c a l d i r e c t i o n t o i l l o r in ju r e d e m p l o y e e s o r o t h e r p e r s o n s w h o b e c o m e i l l o r s u f f e r a n a c c i d e n t on th e p r e m i s e s o f a f a c t o r y o r o t h e r e s t a b l is h m e n t. D u t ie s i n v o l v e a c o m b in a t i o n o f th e f o l l o w i n g : G iv in g f i r s t a id t o th e i l l o r in ju r e d ; a tte n d in g t o s u b s e q u e n t d r e s s i n g o f e m p l o y e e s ' i n j u r i e s ; k e e p in g r e c o r d s o f p a t ie n t s t r e a t e d ; p r e p a r i n g a c c i d e n t r e p o r t s f o r c o m p e n s a t io n o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s ; a s s i s t i n g in p h y s i c a l e x a m i n a t i o n s a n d h e a lt h e v a l u a t i o n s o f a p p lic a n t s a n d e m p l o y e e s ; a n d p la n n in g a n d c a r r y in g o u t p r o g r a m s in v o l v i n g h e a lt h e d u c a t i o n, a c c i d e n t p r e v e n t io n, e v a lu a t io n o f p la n t e n v ir o n m e n t, o r o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s a f f e c t in g th e h e a lt h, w e l f a r e, a n d s a fe t y o f a l l p e r s o n n e l. N u r s in g s u p e r v i s o r s o r h e a d n u r s e s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s e m p l o y in g m o r e th a n o n e n u r s e a r e e x c l u d e d. M A IN T E N A N C E A N D P O W E R P L A N T C A R P E N T E R, M A IN T E N A N C E M A C H I N I S T, M A IN T E N A N C E P e r f o r m s t h e c a r p e n t r y d u t ie s n e c e s s a r y t o c o n s t r u c t a n d m a in t a in in g o o d r e p a i r b u il d in g w o o d w o r k and e q u ip m e n t s u c h a s b in s, c r i b s, c o u n t e r s, b e n c h e s, p a r t i t i o n s, d o o r s, f l o o r s, s t a i r s, c a s i n g s, a n d t r i m m a d e o f w o o d in an e s t a b l is h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g a n d la y in g ou t o f w o r k f r o m b l u e p r i n t s, d r a w i n g s, m o d e l s, o r v e r b a l in s t r u c t i o n s ; u s in g a v a r i e t y o f c a r p e n t e r 's h a n d t o o l s, p o r t a b le p o w e r t o o l s, a n d s t a n d a r d m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t s ; - m a k in g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o d i m e n s i o n s o f w o r k ; a n d s e l e c t i n g m a t e r i a l s n e c e s s a r y f o r th e w o r k. In g e n e r a l, t h e w o r k o f t h e m a in t e n a n c e c a r p e n t e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l ly a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e. P r o d u c e s r e p l a c e m e n t p a r t s and n e w p a r t s in m a k in g r e p a i r s o f m e t a l p a r t s o f m e c h a n i c a l e q u ip m e n t o p e r a t e d in an e s t a b l is h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : I n t e r p r e t in g w r it t e n i n s t r u c t i o n s a n d s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; p la n n in g a n d la y in g ou t o f w o r k ; u s in g a v a r i e t y o f m a c h i n i s t 's h a n d t o o ls a n d p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g in s t r u m e n t s ; s e t t in g up a n d o p e r a t i n g s t a n d a r d m a c h in e t o o l s ; s h a p in g o f m e t a l p a r t s t o c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; m a k in g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t io n s r e la t in g t o d i m e n s i o n s o f w o r k, t o o l i n g, f e e d s, a n d s p e e d s o f m a c h in in g ; k n o w le d g e o f t h e w o r k i n g p r o p e r t i e s o f th e c o m m o n m e t a l s ; s e l e c t i n g s t a n d a r d m a t e r i a l s, p a r t s, a n d e q u ip m e n t r e q u i r e d f o r h i s w o r k ; a n d fit t in g a n d a s s e m b l i n g p a r t s in to m e c h a n i c a l e q u ip m e n t. In g e n e r a l, th e m a c h i n i s t 's w o r k n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e s a r o u n d e d t r a in i n g in m a c h i n e - s h o p p r a c t i c e u s u a lly a c q u i r e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e. E L E C T R I C I A N, M A IN T E N A N C E P e r f o r m s a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c a l t r a d e fu n c t io n s s u c h a s th e i n s t a l la t io n, m a in t e n a n c e, o r r e p a i r o f e q u ip m e n t f o r t h e g e n e r a t i o n, d i s t r ib u t io n, o r u t il iz a t i o n o f e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t. W o r k in v o l v e s m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : I n s t a ll in g o r r e p a i r i n g a n y o f a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t s u c h a s g e n e r a t o r s, t r a n s f o r m e r s, s w i t c h b o a r d s, c o n t r o l l e r s, c i r c u i t b r e a k e r s, m o t o r s, h e a t in g u n i t s, c o n d u it s y s t e m s, o r o t h e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e q u ip m e n t ; w o r k i n g f r o m b l u e p r i n t s, d r a w i n g s, la y o u t s, o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; lo c a t i n g a n d d i a g n o s in g t r o u b l e in th e e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m o r e q u ip m e n t ; w o r k in g s t a n d a r d c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o lo a d r e q u i r e m e n t s o f w ir in g o r e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t ; a n d u s in g a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c i a n 's h a n d t o o ls and m e a s u r i n g and t e s t i n g in s t r u m e n t s. In g e n e r a l, t h e w o r k o f th e m a in t e n a n c e e l e c t r i c i a n r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l ly a c q u ir e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e. E N G I N E E R, S T A T IO N A R Y O p e r a t e s and m a in t a in s and m a y a l s o s u p e r v i s e th e o p e r a t i o n o f s t a t io n a r y e n g in e s and e q u ip m e n t ( m e c h a n i c a l o r e l e c t r i c a l ) t o s u p p ly th e e s t a b l is h m e n t in w h ic h e m p l o y e d w it h p o w e r, h e a t, r e f r ig e r a t io n, o r a ir - c o n d it io n in g. W o rk in v o lv e s : O p e r a t in g a n d m a in t a in in g e q u ip m e n t s u c h a s s t e a m e n g in e s, a i r c o m p r e s s o r s, g e n e r a t o r s, m o t o r s, t u r b in e s, v e n t il a t i n g a n d r e f r i g e r a t in g e q u ip m e n t, s t e a m b o i l e r s a n d b o i l e r - f e d w a t e r p u m p s ; m a k in g e q u ip m e n t r e p a i r s ; a n d k e e p in g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a t i o n o f m a c h i n e r y, t e m p e r a t u r e, a n d f u e l c o n s u m p t i o n. M a y a ls o s u p e r v is e th e se o p e r a tio n s. H e a d o r c h i e f e n g i n e e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s e m p l o y in g m o r e th a n o n e e n g in e e r a r e e x c l u d e d. F IR E M A N, S T A T IO N A R Y B O IL E R F i r e s s t a t io n a r y b o i l e r s t o fu r n is h t h e e s t a b l is h m e n t in w h ic h e m p l o y e d w ith h e a t, p o w e r, o r s te a m. F e e d s fu e ls to f i r e by han d o r o p e r a t e s a m e c h a n ic a l s t o k e r, g a s, o r o il b u r n e r ; and c h e c k s w a t e r a n d s a fe t y v a l v e s. M a y c l e a n, o i l, o r a s s i s t in r e p a i r i n g b o i l e r r o o m e q u ip m e n t. H E L P E R, M A IN T E N A N C E T R A D E S A s s i s t s o n e o r m o r e w o r k e r s in th e s k i l l e d m a in t e n a n c e t r a d e s, b y p e r f o r m i n g s p e c i f i c o r g e n e r a l d u t ie s o f l e s s e r s k i l l, s u c h a s k e e p in g a w o r k e r s u p p l ie d w ith m a t e r i a l s a n d t o o l s ; c l e a n in g w o r k i n g a r e a, m a c h in e, and e q u ip m e n t ; a s s i s t i n g j o u r n e y m a n b y h o ld in g m a t e r i a l s o r t o o l s ; a n d p e r f o r m i n g o t h e r u n s k il le d t a s k s a s d i r e c t e d b y j o u r n e y m a n. T h e k in d o f w o r k th e h e l p e r i s p e r m it t e d t o p e r f o r m v a r i e s f r o m t r a d e t o t r a d e : In s o m e t r a d e s th e h e l p e r i s c o n f in e d t o s u p p ly in g, li f t i n g, a n d h o ld in g m a t e r i a l s a n d t o o l s, a n d c l e a n in g w o r k i n g a r e a s ; a n d in o t h e r s h e i s p e r m i t t e d t o p e r f o r m s p e c i a l i z e d m a c h in e o p e r a t i o n s, o r p a r t s o f a t r a d e th a t a r e a l s o p e r f o r m e d b y w o r k e r s on a f u l l - t i m e b a s i s. M A C H I N E -T O O L O P E R A T O R, T O O L R O O M S p e c i a l i z e s in t h e o p e r a t i o n o f o n e o r m o r e t y p e s o f m a c h in e t o o l s, s u c h a s j i g b o r e r s, c y l i n d r i c a l o r s u r f a c e g r i n d e r s, e n g in e la t h e s, o r m i l l i n g m a c h i n e s, in t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f m a c h i n e - s h o p t o o l s, g a g e s, j i g s, f i x t u r e s, o r d i e s. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g a n d p e r f o r m i n g d i f f i c u l t m a c h in in g o p e r a t i o n s ; p r o c e s s i n g i t e m s r e q u i r in g c o m p l i c a t e d s e t u p s o r a h ig h d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; u s in g a v a r i e t y o f p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t s ; s e l e c t i n g f e e d s, s p e e d s, t o o l i n g, a n d o p e r a t i o n s e q u e n c e ; a n d m a k in g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s t m e n t s d u r in g o p e r a t i o n to a ch ie v e r e q u is it e t o le r a n c e s o r d im e n s io n s. M ay b e r e q u ir e d to r e c o g n iz e w hen t o o ls n eed d r e s s i n g, t o d r e s s t o o l s, a n d t o s e l e c t p r o p e r c o o l a n t s a n d cu t t in g and lu b r ic a t in g o i l s. F or c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e s t u d y p u r p o s e s, m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s, t o o l r o o m, in t o o l a n d d ie jo b b in g s h o p s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m t h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n. Digitized for FRASER M E C H A N IC, A U T O M O T IV E (M a in t e n a n c e ) R e p a i r s a u t o m o b i l e s, b u s e s, m o t o r t r u c k s, a n d t r a c t o r s o f an e s t a b l is h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : E x a m in in g a u t o m o t i v e e q u ip m e n t t o d i a g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ; d i s a s s e m b l i n g e q u ip m e n t a n d p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s th a t in v o l v e th e u s e o f s u c h h a n d t o o ls as w r e n c h e s, g a g e s, d r i l l s, o r s p e c i a l i z e d e q u ip m e n t in d i s a s s e m b l i n g o r fit t in g p a r t s ; r e p la c i n g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r t s f r o m s t o c k ; g r in d in g and a d ju s t in g v a l v e s ; r e a s s e m b l i n g a n d in s t a l li n g th e v a r io u s a s s e m b l i e s in th e v e h i c l e a n d m a k in g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s t m e n t s ; a n d a lin in g w h e e l s, a d ju s t in g b r a k e s a n d l i g h t s, o r t ig h t e n in g b o d y b o l t s. In g e n e r a l, t h e w o r k o f th e a u t o m o t iv e m e c h a n i c r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l ly a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e. m o b ile T h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n re p a ir sh op s. d o e s n o t in c lu d e m e c h a n i c s w h o r e p a i r c u s t o m e r s ' v e h i c l e s in a u t o M E C H A N I C, M A IN T E N A N C E R e p a i r s m a c h i n e r y o r m e c h a n i c a l e q u ip m e n t o f an e s t a b l is h m e n t. W o r k in v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : E x a m in in g m a c h in e s a n d m e c h a n i c a l e q u ip m e n t t o d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ; d i s m a n t li n g o r p a r t l y d i s m a n t li n g m a c h in e s a n d p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s th a t m a in l y in v o l v e th e u s e o f h a n d t o o l s in s c r a p i n g a n d fit t in g p a r t s ; r e p l a c i n g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r t s w ith it e m s o b t a in e d f r o m s t o c k ; o r d e r i n g t h e p r o d u c t io n o f a r e p la c e m e n t p a r t b y a m a c h in e s h o p o r s e n d in g o f th e m a c h in e t o a m a c h in e s h o p f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s ; p r e p a r i n g w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r m a jo r r e p a i r s o r f o r th e p r o d u c t io n o f p a r t s o r d e r e d f r o m m a c h in e s h o p ; r e a s s e m b l i n g m a c h in e s ; and m a k in g a ll n e c e s s a r y a d ju s t m e n t s f o r o p e r a t i o n. In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f a m a in t e n a n c e m e c h a n i c r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l ly a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e. E x c l u d e d f r o m t h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y d u tie s i n v o l v e s e t t in g up o r a d ju s t in g m a c h i n e s. M IL L W R IG H T I n s t a ll s n e w m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t, and d i s m a n t le s a n d i n s t a l ls m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t w h e n c h a n g e s in th e p la n t la y o u t a r e r e q u i r e d. W o r k in v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g a n d la y in g ou t o f t h e w o r k ; in t e r p r e t in g b lu e p r in t s o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u s in g a v a r ie t y o f h a n d t o o l s a n d r i g g i n g ; m a k in g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o s t r e s s e s, s t r e n g t h o f m a t e r i a l s, a n d c e n t e r s o f g r a v i t y ; a lin in g a n d b a la n c in g o f e q u ip m e n t ; s e l e c t i n g st a n d a r d t o o l s, e q u ip m e n t, a n d p a r t s t o b e u s e d ; a n d in s t a l li n g a n d m a in t a in in g in g o o d o r d e r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e q u ip m e n t s u c h a s d r i v e s a n d s p e e d r e d u c e r s. In g e n e r a l, th e m i l l w r i g h t 's w o r k n o r m a ll y r e q u i r e s a r o u n d e d t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e in th e t r a d e a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e. P A I N T E R, M A IN T E N A N C E P a in t s a n d r e d e c o r a t e s w a l l s, w o o d w o r k, a n d f i x t u r e s o f an e s t a b l is h m e n t. W o r k in v o l v e s th e f o l l o w i n g : K n o w le d g e o f s u r f a c e p e c u l i a r i t i e s a n d t y p e s o f p a in t r e q u i r e d f o r d i ff e r e n t a p p l i c a t i o n s ; p r e p a r i n g s u r f a c e f o r p a in t in g b y r e m o v i n g o ld f i n is h o r b y p l a c in g pu tty o r f i l l e r in n a il

22 18 P A I N T E R, M A I N T E N A N C E C o n t in u e d S H E E T -M E T A L h o l e s a n d i n t e r s t i c e s ; a n d a p p ly in g p a in t w ith s p r a y gun o r b r u s h. M a y m i x c o l o r s, o i l s, w h ite le a d, a n d o t h e r p a in t i n g r e d i e n t s t o o b t a i n p r o p e r c o l o r o r c o n s i s t e n c y. In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f t h e m a in t e n a n c e p a i n t e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l ly a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e. u p a n d o p e r a t i n g a ll a v a i l a b l e t y p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k i n g m a c h i n e s ; u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f h a n d t o o ls in c u t t in g, b e n d in g, f o r m i n g, s h a p in g, f i t t in g, a n d a s s e m b l i n g ; a n d in s t a l l i n g s h e e t - m e t a l a r t i c l e s as r e q u ire d. In g e n e r a l, t h e w o r k o f t h e m a in t e n a n c e s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l ly a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in i n g and e x p e r ie n c e. P IP E F IT T E R, W O R K E R, M A IN T E N A N C E C o n t in u e d M A IN T E N A N C E I n s t a l l s o r r e p a i r s w a t e r, s t e a m, g a s, o r o t h e r t y p e s o f p i p e a n d p i p e f it t in g s in a n e s t a b l i s h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : L a y in g o u t o f w o r k a n d m e a s u r i n g t o l o c a t e p o s i t i o n o f p i p e f r o m d r a w i n g s o r o t h e r w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; cu t t in g v a r i o u s s i z e s o f p ip e to c o r r e c t le n g t h s w it h c h i s e l a n d h a m m e r o r o x y a c e t y l e n e t o r c h o r p i p e - c u t t i n g m a c h i n e s ; t h r e a d i n g p i p e w it h s t o c k s a n d d i e s ; b e n d in g p i p e b y h a n d - d r i v e n o r p o w e r - d r i v e n m a c h i n e s ; a s s e m b l i n g p i p e w it h c o u p l i n g s a n d f a s t e n i n g p ip e t o h a n g e r s ; m a k in g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o p r e s s u r e s, f l o w, a n d s i z e o f p i p e r e q u i r e d ; and m a k in g s t a n d a r d t e s t s t o d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r f i n is h e d p ip e s m e e t s p e c if ic a t io n s. In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m a in t e n a n c e p i p e f i t t e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l ly a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e. W o r k e r s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d in i n s t a l li n g a n d r e p a i r i n g b u ild in g s a n it a t io n o r h e a t in g s y s t e m s a r e e x c l u d e d. S H E E T -M E T A L W O R K E R, M A IN T E N A N C E F a b r i c a t e s, i n s t a l l s, a n d m a in t a in s in g o o d r e p a i r th e s h e e t - m e t a l e q u ip m e n t a n d f i x t u r e s (s u ch a s m a c h in e g u a r d s, g r e a s e p a n s, s h e lv e s, l o c k e r s, ta n k s, v e n t ila t o r s, ch u te s, d u c ts, m e ta l r o o f i n g ) o f a n e s t a b l i s h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g a n d la y in g o u t a ll t y p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l m a in t e n a n c e w o r k f r o m b l u e p r i n t s, m o d e l s, o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; s e t t in g T O O L A N D D IE M A K E R (D ie m a k e r ; j i g m a k e r ; t o o l m a k e r ; f i x t u r e m a k e r ; gage m a k er) C o n s tr u c ts and r e p a ir s m a c h in e -s h o p t o o ls, g a g e s, jig s,' fix tu r e s o r d ie s fo r fo r g in g s, p u n c h in g, a n d o t h e r m e t a l - f o r m i n g w o r k. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g ; P la n n in g a n d la y in g o u t o f w o r k f r o m m o d e l s, b l u e p r i n t s, d r a w i n g s, o r o t h e r o r a l a n d w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f t o o l a n d d i e m a k e r 's h a n d t o o l s a n d p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g in s t r u m e n t s ; u n d e r s t a n d in g o f t h e w o r k i n g p r o p e r t i e s o f c o m m o n m e t a l s a n d a l l o y s ; s e t t i n g u p a n d o p e r a t i n g o f m a c h in e t o o l s a n d r e l a t e d e q u ip m e n t ; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to d i m e n s i o n s o f w o r k, s p e e d s, f e e d s, a n d t o o li n g o f m a c h i n e s ; h e a t - t r e a t i n g o f m e t a l p a r t s d u r in g f a b r i c a t i o n as w e ll as o f fin is h e d t o o ls and d ie s to a c h ie v e r e q u ir e d q u a lit ie s ; w o rk in g to c l o s e t o le r a n c e s ; fi t t in g a n d a s s e m b l i n g o f p a r t s t o p r e s c r i b e d t o l e r a n c e s a n d a l l o w a n c e s ; a n d s e l e c t i n g a p p r o p r i a t e m a t e r i a l s, t o o l s, a n d p r o c e s s e s. In g e n e r a l, t h e t o o l a n d d i e m a k e r 's w o r k r e q u i r e s a r o u n d e d t r a in i n g in m a c h i n e - s h o p a n d t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e u s u a l ly a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e. F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s, s h o p s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m t h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n. t o o l and d ie m a k e r s in t o o l and d ie j o b b in g C U S T O D IA L A N D M A T E R IA L M O V E M E N T GUARD AND P A C K E R, S H IP P IN G C o n t in u e d W ATCHM AN G u a r d. P e r f o r m s r o u t i n e p o l i c e d u t i e s, e i t h e r at f i x e d p o s t o r o n t o u r, m a in t a in in g o r d e r, u s in g a r m s o r f o r c e w h e r e n e c e s s a r y. I n c l u d e s g a t e m e n w h o a r e s t a t io n e d at g a t e a n d c h e c k o n i d e n t it y o f e m p l o y e e s a n d o t h e r p e r s o n s e n t e r i n g. a n d s i z e o f c o n t a i n e r ; i n s e r t i n g e n c l o s u r e s in c o n t a i n e r ; u s in g e x c e l s i o r o r o t h e r m a t e r i a l to p r e v e n t b r e a k a g e o r d a m a g e ; c l o s i n g a n d s e a l i n g c o n t a i n e r : a n d a p p l y in g l a b e l s o r e n t e r i n g id e n t if y i n g d a t a o n c o n t a i n e r. P a c k e r s w ho a ls o m a k e w o o d e n b o x e s o r c r a t e s a re e x c lu d e d. W a tch m a n. M a k es rou n ds o f p r e m is e s t h e ft, a n d i l l e g a l e n t r y. S H IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K p e r io d ic a lly in p r o t e c t i n g p r o p e r t y a g a in s t f i r e, J A N IT O R, P O R T E R, O R C L E A N E R (S w e e p e r ; c h a r w o m a n ; j a n i t r e s s ) C l e a n s a n d k e e p s in a n o r d e r l y c o n d it i o n f a c t o r y w o r k i n g a r e a s a n d w a s h r o o m s, o r p r e m i s e s o f a n o f f i c e, a p a r t m e n t h o u s e, o r c o m m e r c i a l o r o t h e r e s t a b l is h m e n t. D u t ie s i n v o l v e a c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : S w e e p i n g, m o p p in g o r s c r u b b i n g, and p o l is h in g f l o o r s ; r e m o v i n g c h i p s, t r a s h, a n d o t h e r r e f u s e : d u s t in g e q u ip m e n t, f u r n i t u r e, o r f i x t u r e s ; p o l i s h i n g m e t a l f i x t u r e s o r t r i m m i n g s ; p r o v i d i n g s u p p l ie s a n d m i n o r m a in t e n a n c e s e r v i c e s ; a n d c l e a n in g l a v a t o r i e s, s h o w e r s, a n d r e s t r o o m s. W o r k e r s w h o s p e c i a l i z e in w in d o w w a s h in g a r e e x c l u d e d. L A B O R E R, M A T E R IA L sta ck er; s h e lv e r; tru ck e r; sto ck m a n or stock h e lp e r; A w o r k e r e m p l o y e d in a w a r e h o u s e, m a n u fa c t u r i n g p la n t, s t o r e, o r o t h e r e s t a b l is h m e n t w h o s e d u t i e s i n v o l v e o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : L o a d in g a n d u n lo a d in g v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l s and m e r c h a n d i s e o n o r f r o m f r e i g h t c a r s, t r u c k s, o r o t h e r t r a n s p o r t i n g d e v i c e s ; u n p a c k in g, s h e l v in g, o r p l a c i n g m a t e r i a l s o r m e r c h a n d i s e in p r o p e r s t o r a g e l o c a t i o n ; and t r a n s p o r t i n g m a t e r i a l s o r m e r c h a n d i s e b y h a n d t r u c k, c a r, o r w h e e l b a r r o w. L o n g s h o r e m e n, w h o lo a d a n d u n lo a d s h ip s a r e e x clu d e d. stock s tu d y p u r p o s e s, s e le cto r; w areh ou se w ork ers a re c la s s ifie d a s fo llo w s : c le r k T R U C K D R IV E R D r i v e s a t r u c k w it h in a c i t y o r i n d u s t r ia l a r e a t o t r a n s p o r t m a t e r i a l s, m e r c h a n d i s e, e q u ip m e n t, o r m e n b e t w e e n v a r i o u s t y p e s o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s u c h a s : M a n u fa c t u r in g p l a n t s, f r e i g h t d e p o t s, w a r e h o u s e s, w h o le s a le and r e t a il e s t a b lis h m e n t s, o r b e tw e e n r e t a il e s ta b lis h m e n ts and c u s t o m e r s ' h o u s e s o r p l a c e s o f b u s i n e s s. M a y a l s o lo a d o r u n lo a d t r u c k w ith o r w it h o u t h e l p e r s, m a k e m i n o r m e c h a n i c a l r e p a i r s, a n d k e e p t r u c k in g o o d w o r k i n g o r d e r. D r i v e r - s a l e s m e n and o v e r -t h e -r o a d d r iv e r s a re e x clu d e d. fo llo w s : F IL L E R (O r d e r p ic k e r : F o r w age R e c e iv in g c le r k S h ip p in g c l e r k S h ip p in g a n d r e c e i v i n g H A N D L IN G (L o a d e r and u n lo a d e r ; h a n d le r and w a r e h o u se m a n o r w a r e h o u s e h e lp e r ) ORDER P r e p a r e s m e r c h a n d i s e f o r s h i p m e n t, o r r e c e i v e s a n d i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r in c o m in g s h i p m e n t s o f m e r c h a n d i s e o r o t h e r m a t e r i a l s. S h ip p in g w o r k i n v o l v e s : A k n o w l e d g e o f s h ip p in g p r o c e d u r e s, p r a c t i c e s, r o u t e s, a v a il a b l e m e a n s o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n, a n d r a t e s ; a n d p r e p a r i n g r e c o r d s o f t h e g o o d s s h i p p e d, m a k in g u p b i l l s o f la d in g, p o s t in g w e ig h t a n d s h ip p in g c h a r g e s, a n d k e e p in g a f i l e o f s h ip p in g r e c o r d s. M a y d i r e c t o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r i n g t h e m e r c h a n d i s e f o r s h ip m e n t. R e c e i v i n g w o r k i n v o l v e s : V e r i f y i n g o r d i r e c t i n g o t h e r s in v e r i f y i n g t h e c o r r e c t n e s s o f s h ip m e n t s a g a in s t b i l l s o f la d in g, i n v o i c e s, o r o t h e r r e c o r d s ; c h e c k i n g f o r s h o r t a g e s a n d r e j e c t i n g d a m a g e d g o o d s ; r o u t i n g m e r c h a n d i s e o r m a t e r i a l s t o p r o p e r d e p a r t m e n t s ; a n d m a in t a in in g n e c e s s a r y r e c o r d s and file s. F o r w a g e s t u d y p u r p o s e s, t r u c k d r i v e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y s i z e a n d t y p e o f e q u ip m e n t, a s ( T r a c t o r - t r a i l e r s h o u ld b e r a t e d o n t h e b a s i s o f t r a i l e r c a p a c i t y.) T r u c k d r i v e r (c o m b i n a t i o n o f s i z e s l i s t e d s e p a r a t e l y ) T r u c k d r i v e r, li g h t (u n d e r IV 2 t o n s ) T r u c k d r i v e r, m e d i u m (I V 2 t o a n d in c lu d in g 4 t o n s ) T r u c k d r iv e r, h e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s, t r a ile r type) T r u c k d r i v e r, h e a v y ( o v e r 4 t o n s, o t h e r th a n t r a i l e r t y p e ) stock m a n ) F i l l s s h i p p in g o r t r a n s f e r o r d e r s f o r f i n is h e d g o o d s f r o m s t o r e d m e r c h a n d i s e in a c c o r d a n c e w it h s p e c i f i c a t i o n s o n s a l e s s l i p s, c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s, o r o t h e r i n s t r u c t i o n s. M a y, in a d d it io n t o f i l l i n g o r d e r s a n d i n d ic a t i n g i t e m s f i l l e d o r o m it t e d, k e e p r e c o r d s o f o u t g o in g o r d e r s, r e q u i s i t i o n a d d i t io n a l s t o c k o r r e p o r t s h o r t s u p p l ie s t o s u p e r v i s o r, a n d p e r f o r m o t h e r r e l a t e d d u t i e s. TRU C K E R, POW ER P A C K E R, S H IP P IN G P r e p a r e s f i n i s h e d p r o d u c t s f o r s h ip m e n t o r s t o r a g e b y p l a c in g t h e m in s h ip p in g c o n t a i n e r s, t h e s p e c i f i c o p e r a t i o n s p e r f o r m e d b e in g d e p e n d e n t u p o n t h e t y p e, s i z e, a n d n u m b e r o f u n it s t o b e p a c k e d, t h e t y p e o f c o n t a i n e r e m p l o y e d, a n d m e t h o d o f s h i p m e n t. W o r k r e q u i r e s t h e p l a c i n g o f i t e m s in s h ip p in g c o n t a i n e r s a n d m a y i n v o l v e o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : K n o w le d g e o f v a r i o u s i t e m s o f s t o c k in o r d e r t o v e r i f y c o n t e n t ; s e l e c t i o n o f a p p r o p r i a t e t y p e Digitized for FRASER O p e r a t e s a m a n u a l ly c o n t r o l l e d g a s o l i n e - o r e l e c t r i c - p o w e r e d t r u c k o r t r a c t o r t o t r a n s p o r t g o o d s a n d m a t e r i a l s o f a l l k in d s a b o u t a w a r e h o u s e, m a n u f a c t u r i n g p la n t, o r o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t. F or w age stu d y p u r p o s e s, T ru ck er, T ru ck er, pow er pow er w ork ers a re c la s s ifie d by ty p e o f tr u c k, a s fo llo w s : (fo r k lift) ( o t h e r th a n f o r k l i f t ) U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: /3

23 Area Wage Surveys A list of the latest available bulletins is presented below. A d irecto ry of area wage studies including m ore lim ited studies conducted at the request of the Em ploym ent Standards Adm inistration of the Departm ent of Labor is available on request. Bulletins m ay be purchased from the Superintendent of Docum ents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington, D.C., 20402, or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. Bulletin num ber Bulletin number Area and p rice A rea and price Akron, Ohio, July , 40 cents Albany Schenectady T roy, N.Y., M ar , 30 cents Albuquerque, N. M ex., M ar , 35 cents Allentown Bethlehem Easton, Pa. N.J., May , 30 cents Atlanta, Ga., May , 40 cents B altim ore, M d., Aug , 35 cents Beaumont Port Arthur Orange, Tex., May , 35 cents Binghamton, N.Y., July , 35 cents Birm ingham, A la., M ar , 30 cents Boise City, Idaho, Nov , 30 cents Boston, M ass., Aug , 40 cents Buffalo, N.Y., Oct , 45 cents Burlington, Vt., Dec , 25 cents Canton, Ohio, May , 30 cents C harleston, W. V a., M ar , 35 cents C harlotte, N.C., Jan , 35 cents Chattanooga, Tenn. Ga., Sept , 30 cents Chicago, III., June , 70 cents Cincinnati, Ohio Ky. Ind., Feb , 35 cents Cleveland, Ohio, Sept , 40 cents Colum bus, Ohio, Oct , 30 cents D allas, T ex., Oct , 35 cents Davenport Rock Island M olin e, Iowa III., Feb , 35 cents Dayton, Ohio, D ec , 35 cents Denver, C olo., D ec , 35 cents Des M oines, Iowa, May , 30 cents D etroit, M ich., Feb , 50 cents Durham, N.C., A pr , 30 cents F ort Lauderdale Hollywood and West Palm Beach, Fla. (to be surveyed in 1972) F ort Worth, T ex., Oct , 30 cents Green Bay, W is., July , 30 cents G reenville, S.C., May , 35 cents Houston, T ex., A pr , 50 cents Huntsville, A la., February , 35 cents Indianapolis, Ind., Oct , 30 cents Jackson, M iss., Jan , 30 cents Jacksonville, F la., D ec , 30 cents Kansas City, Mo. Kans., Sept , 35 cents L aw rence H averhill, M ass. N.H., June , 30 cents Little Rock North Little Rock, A rk., July , 30 cents Los Angeles Long Beach and Anaheim Santa A n a- Garden G rove, C alif., M ar , 50 cents L ou isville, K y Ind., Nov , 35 cents Lubbock, T ex., M ar , 35 cents M anchester, N.H., July , 30 cents M em phis, T en n A rk., Nov , 35 cents M iam i, F la., Nov , 30 cents Midland and O dessa, T ex., Jan , 30 cents M ilwaukee, W is., May , 35 cents Digitized for FRASER 1 Data on establishm ent p ra ctices and supplem entary w age provisions are also presented. M inneapolis St. Paul, M inn., Jan , 50 cents Muskegon M uskegon Heights, M ich., June , 30 cents Newark and J ersey City, N.J., Jan , 50 cents New Haven, Conn., Jan , 35 cents New O rleans, La., Jan , 30 cents New Y ork, N.Y., Apr , 65 cents Norfolk Portsm outh and Newport News Hampton, Va., Jan , 30 cents Oklahoma City, Okla., July , 35 cents Omaha, Nebr. Iowa, Sept , 35 cents P aterson Clifton P a s s a ic, N.J., June , 35 cents Philadelphia, Pa. N.J., Nov , 50 cents Phoenix, A r iz., June , 30 cents Pittsburgh, Pa., Jan , 40 cents Portland, Maine, Nov , 35 cents Portland, O reg. W ash., May , 35 cents Poughkeepsie Kingston Newburgh, N.Y. (to be surveyed in 1972) Providence Pawtucket W arwick, R.I. M a ss., May , 40 cents Raleigh, N.C., Aug , 30 cents Richm ond, Va., M ar , 30 cents R och ester, N.Y. (office occupations only), July , 35 cents R ock ford, 111., May , 30 cents St. L ou is, Mo. III., M ar , 35 cents Salt Lake City, Utah, Nov , 30 cents San Antonio, T ex., May , 35 cents San Bernardino R iverside Ontario, C alif., D ec , 30 cents San D iego, C alif., Nov , 35 cents San F ra n cisco Oakland, C a lif., Oct , 50 cents San Jose, C alif., M ar , 30 cents Savannah, Ga., May , 30 cents Scranton, P a., July , 30 cents Seattle E verett, W ash., Jan , 30 cents Sioux F alls, S. Dak., D ec , 25 cents South Bend, Ind., M ar , 35 cents Spokane, W ash., June , 30 cents Syracuse, N.Y., July , 35 cents Tampa St. P etersburg, F la., Nov , 35 cents T oledo, Ohio M ich., A pr , 40 cents Trenton, N.J., Sept , 30 cents Utica R om e, N.Y., July , 35 cents Washington, D.C. Md. Va., A pr , 40 cents W aterbury, Conn., M ar. 1972* , 35 cents W aterloo, Iowa, Nov , 30 cents W ichita, Kans., A pr , 30 cents W orcester, M ass., May , 30 cents York, Pa., Feb , 35 cents Youngstown W arren, Ohio, Nov , 35 cents

24 J.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS W A S H IN G T O N, D.C O F F IC IA L BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 FIRST CLASS MAIL POSTAGE A N D FEES P A ID U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR