Enhancing and Combining Complex Numerical Models of Coastal Southern Florida

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1 Enhancing and Combining Complex Numerical Models of Coastal Southern Florida Eric Swain, Melinda Lohmann, and Jeremy Decker U.S. Geological Survey Florida Bay and Adjacent Marine Systems Science Conference, December 8-11, , Naples FL

2 Why are Models Being Combined for Restoration Management in Southern Florida? Atypical hydrology requires complex numerical models combining ground water and surface water Models of different scales and areas must supply information to one another Ecologic models rely on hydrologic information which may only be supplied by numerical models

3 USGS numerical model FTLOADDS (Flow and Transport in a Linked Overland/Aquifer Density Dependent System) Useful to look at water management because: SWIFT2D is a two-dimensional hydrodynamic surface-water model SEAWAT is a three-dimensional ground-water flow model Salinity transport is accounted for in both surface water and ground water SWIFT2D FTLOADDS SEAWAT

4 South Florida and Model Areas UTM NORTHING, IN METERS Gulf of Mexico Everglades National Park Miami Biscayne Bay Florida Bay Lake Okeechobee Study area Florida Bay UTM EASTING, IN METERS

5 Surface Water/Ground Water Exchange Average Leakage Rate (cm/year)

6 Cumulative leakage from north to south 3 Cumulative Leakage, m /s Into aquifer into surface water Shoreline Downstream distance, km

7 Y T N U O C R E O L LI C G U L F O FME X I C O W i l de r ness W at e rw a y Loop Road EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK Tamiami Trail Y Y T T N N U U O h O C C E Sl oug E D O A R D Ri ver N O MĪ M A S hark MI R oad P a r k M a i n Tamiami Canal n e n s i o E x t 6 7 e e v L 3 1 W e L e v N 1 3 e ev L FLORIDA W h ite wa terbay S l o ugh T a y l or Joe B ay C STUDY AREA Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 17, Datum NAD 27 EXPLANATION BUTTONWOOD EMBANKMENT TIME DOMAIN BOUNDARY WETLAND/AQUIFER TRANSECT FLORIDA BAY A TLAN C EAN TI CO KILOMETERS MILES Location of transects through model domain

8 11/18/1995 Embankment location UTM Northing 7/30/1999 Elevation in meters, NAVD88 Elevation in meters, NAVD88 Salinity in PSU Embankment location UTM Northing Figure 3. Computed aquifer salinity showing effect of coastal embankment. Transect location shown in figure 2. Aquifer salinity along north-south transect

9 Embankment location salinity simulation shows changes only in top layer

10 Coastal Everglades salinity interface as indicated by model Land surface Coastal Embankment Ground-water head Freshwater Saltwater interface Sea Level Seawater Figure 5. Saltwater interface in a coastal aquifer where the wetland lies inland of a coastal embankment.

11 11/18/1995 salinity East-west transect shows a saltwater interface representation closer to classical model

12 Parameter Estimation Technique for Scenario Design FTLOADDS model is executed by a parameter estimation code which optimizes inland inflows to achieve desired salinity values offshore This method helps design water- management scenarios more objectively

13 Original and Optimized Salinities Original and Optimized Salinities EXPLANATION ORIGINAL OPTIMIZED SALINITY, IN PRACTICAL SALINITY UNITS (PSU) 1/1/1996 2/1/1996 3/1/1996 4/1/1996 5/1/1996 6/1/1996 7/1/1996 8/1/1996 9/1/ /1/ /1/ /1/1996 1/1/1997 DATE

14 SICS/TIME Linkage to ATLSS ALFISHES Model (SICS/TIME)

15 SICS model area Simulation of Florida Bay water levels raised a minimal 8 cm Trout Creek

16 JAN MARMAY JUL SEPT NOV JAN MARMAY JUL SEPT NOV JAN MARMAY JUL SEPT NOV TROUT CREEK SALINITY, IN PARTS PER THOUSAND JAN MARMAY JUL SEPT NOV JAN MARMAY JUL SEPT NOV 1998 DATE 1999 EXISTING SEA-LEVEL RISE 2000 Observation at high-salinity/low-flow times, the sea-level rise simulation salinity can occasionally be lower due to inland inflows

17 Linkages Between Models REGIONAL HYDROLOGIC MODEL (SFWMM) HYDRODYNAMIC ESTUARY MODEL (EFDC MODEL) COASTAL FLOW AND TRANSPORT MODELS (TIME) TIME SFWMM Stages from SFWMM used to assign boundary conditions for TIME EFDC MODEL Freshwater flows and coastal salinities used as input for Florida Bay model

18 Cumulative Coastal Flow Volumes CUMULATIVE VOLUME IN MILLIONS OF CUBIC METERS ALT7R5 2050B0 CERP DATE

19 Salinity Difference Between Scenarios UTM NORTHING, IN METERS UTM EASTING, IN METERS SALINITY DIFFERENCE IN PRACTICAL SALINITY UNITS (PSU)

20 Ten Thousand Islands Area UTM NORTHING, IN METERS West Indian Manatee Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve South Belle Meade Okaloacoochee Slough Highway I-75 Miller Canal Faka Union Canal Collier-Seminole State Park Faka Union Canal Merritt Canal Picayune Strand Restoration Project area Southern Golden Glades Estates Prairie Canal Port of the Islands Ten-Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge Fakahatchee Strand Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park U.S. Highway UTM EASTING, IN METERS

21 Manatee Location and Temperature 11/15/02 11/25/02 manatee locations TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES CELSIUS

22 NEED FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL LOCAL MODELING OF PORT OF THE ISLANDS Profile of Port of the Islands Passive Thermal Refuge Faka Union canal Port of the Islands basin Spillway 3-4 m 4 5 m Cool fresh water Warm saline water

23 The Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) EFDC is a hydrodynamic model that can be used to simulate aquatic systems with heat and salinity transport in three dimensions. Currently applied on a large scale to Florida Bay with interface with the TIME model. Application to Port of Island uses boundaries from TTI model and yield important manatee habitat information

24 Grid for EFDC model of Port of the Islands

25 Temperature Stratification in Port of the Islands

26 BISCAYNE BAY APPLICATION Temporal Model period from Aquifer time step is daily Bay and wetlands have a 10 minute time step Spatial 500-m m Grid spacing 20 layers with 2.75-m vertical spacing

27 Comparison of Salinity Between Existing Conditions and Constant Outflow UTM NORTHING, IN METERS SALINITY CHANGE IN PRACTICAL SALINITY UNITS (PSU) UTM EASTING, IN METERS

28 SALTWATER INTRUSION LINE

29 GROUNDWATER LEAKAGE PLOT Leakage in cm/day as an average for the entire 9-year simulation period

30 Miami-Dade County Integrated Model of Surface and Groundwater Flow Objectives: Develop an integrated surface and ground water model of Miami Dade County Assess impact of: Municipal well fields on canal system and ground water discharge to Biscayne Bay Canals and well fields on Everglades National Park Sea-level rise on saltwater intrusion Canal routing package will be created to handle Dynamic simulation of canal stages Surface-water structure operations Simplified stream transport for use in SEAWAT

31 BISECT MODEL BIscayne and Southern Everglades Coastal Transport MODEL Link TIME and Biscayne Models A tool to evaluate CERP effects on both ENP and BNP Assist in determining GW flow under L-31 L canal

32 USGS Modeling Team and Collaborating Scientists USGS Fort Lauderdale Melinda Wolfert-Lohmann Christian Langevin Eric Swain Jeremy Decker USGS Gainesville Brad Stith Catherine Langtimm Collaborating Scientists John Wang, UM Jon Cline, University of Tennessee Rafa Munez and Stuart Miller, UF John Hamrick, Tetratech Jerry Lorenz, Audubon Michael Kohler and Momo Chen, SFWMD Kiren Bahm, Ed Kearns, Dewitt Smith, ENP