IGBT Power Losses Calculation Using the Data-Sheet Parameters

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "IGBT Power Losses Calculation Using the Data-Sheet Parameters"

Cuthbert Cummings
6 years ago
Views:

1 Applicat Nte, V., January 9 GBT wer Lsses alculat sg the ata-sheet arameters by r. ušan Gravac, Marc ürschel Autmtive wer N e v e r s t p t h i n k i n g.

2 GBT nverter Lsses Table f ntent Abstract...3 GBT and ide Lsses...3. nduct Lsses...3. Switchg Lsses Lss Balance Applicat Specific arameters Step-dwn (Buck nverter Step-up (Bst nverter Mtr rive Three-hase A Mtr rive Switched Reluctance Mtr rive iez-electric Actuatr nclus...6

GBT nverter Lsses Abstract The aim f this Applicat Nte is t prvide a tl fr a calculat f pwer lsses GBT-based pwer electrnics cnverters used autmtive applicats.

3 GBT nverter Lsses Abstract The aim f this Applicat Nte is t prvide a tl fr a calculat f pwer lsses GBT-based pwer electrnics cnverters used autmtive applicats. After a general discuss n pwer lsses calculat usg data-sheet parameters, the typical applicats will be reviewed rder t extract the applicat specific parameters imprtant fr the lss balance. GBT and ide Lsses GBT and ide pwer lsses ( l, as well as pwer lsses any semicnductr cmpnent, can be divided three grups: a nduct lsses ( cnd b Switchg lsses ( c Blckg (leakage lsses ( b, nrmally beg neglected. Therefre: l c b c. nduct Lsses GBT nduct lsses can be calculated usg an GBT apprximat with a series cnnect f vltage surce (u E representg GBT n-state zer-current cllectr-emitter vltage and a cllectremitter n-state resistance (r : u E ( i ue r i The same apprximat can be used fr the anti-parallel dide, givg: u ( i u r i These imprtant parameters can be read directly frm the GBT atasheet (see fig. fr the GBT and fig. fr the ide. n rder t take the parameter variat t accunt, and thus t have a cnservative calculat, the u ce and u values read frm the diagram have t be scaled with (u cemax /u cetyp r (u max /u typ values. Thse exact values can be read frm the datasheet tables, but fr an engeerg calculat a typical safety marg value f (.-. can be used. The stantaneus value f the GBT cnduct lsses is: p T u E i u E i r i f the average GBT current value is cav, and the rms value f GBT current is crms, then the average lsses can be expressed as: T T pt dt ( u T T T E i r i dt u E cav r crms The stantaneus value f the dide cnduct lsses is: p u i u i r i F f the average dide current is av, and the rms dide current is rms, the average dide cnduct lsses acrss the itchg perid (T /f are: T p dt ( u T T T i r i dt u av r rms

4 GBT nverter Lsses Figure Readg the u E and r (r ce / c frm the data-sheet diagram Figure Readg the u and r (r d / frm the data-sheet diagram

5 GBT nverter Lsses. Switchg Lsses The circuit fr the examat f the GBT itchg lsses is presented fig. 3. t is a sgle-quadrant chpper supplyg an ductive type lad. The GBT is driven frm the driver circuit, prvidg a vltage r at its utput. The GBT ternal dide is used as a free-wheelg dide, because the majrity f applicats, such as 3-phase A mtr drives, bi-directal -mtr drives, full-bridge / cnverters, etc., the pwer electrnics cnverter cnsists f ne r mre GBT-based half-bridges. f an external freewheelg dide is used, the calculats are still valid, prvided the dide parameters are taken frm the dide data-sheet. Figure 3 GBT chpper drivg an ductive lad The turn-n energy lsses GBT (E nt can be calculated as the sum f the itch-n energy withut takg the reverse recvery prcess t accunt (E nti and the itch-n energy caused by the reverserecvery f the free-wheelg dide (E ntrr : tri tfu E nt uce( t ic dt EnMi E nmrr The peak f the reverse-recvery current can be calculated as: rrpeak Q trr rr Turn-n energy the dide cnsists mstly f the reverse-recvery energy (E n : E n tri tfu u i F dt E nrr Q 4 rr rr where rr is the vltage acrss the dide durg reverse recvery. Fr the wrst case calculat this vltage can be apprximated with a supply vltage ( rr. The itch-ff energy lsses the GBT can be calculated the similar manner. The itch-ff lsses the dide are nrmally neglected (E ff. Therefre:

6 GBT nverter Lsses E fft tru tfi u ce i c dt The itchg lsses the GBT and the dide are the prduct f itchg energies and the itchg frequency (f : M ( E E f nm ffm ( E E n ff f E n f.3 Lss Balance wer lsses the GBT and the free-wheelg dide can be expressed as the sum f the cnduct and itchg lsses givg: T u r ( E E T T E cav crms nt fft f u av r rms E n f 3 Applicat Specific arameters n the fllwg text the typical applicats will be revisited tgether with the typical signal wavefrms necessary fr the pwer lss balance calculat. 3. Step-dwn (Buck nverter Figures 9 and present the tplgy and the typical signals the step-dwn (buck cnverter. Figure 4 Step-dwn cnverter tplgy

7 GBT nverter Lsses Figure 5 Step-dwn cnverter typical signals nput parameters fr the calculat: nput vltage (, utput vltage (, utput pwer (, ductr value (L, itchg frequency (f. Output current: uty cycle cntuus cnduct mde: Output current ripple: ( L f The parameters needed fr the lss calculat can be determed accrdg t previusly calculated values as: cn cff cav crms ( ( av rms ( ( 3. Step-up (Bst nverter

8 GBT nverter Lsses Figures and present the tplgy and the typical signals the step-up (bst cnverter. Figure 6 Step-up cnverter tplgy Figure 7 Step-up cnverter typical signals nput parameters fr the calculat: nput vltage (, utput vltage (, utput pwer (, put pwer (, ductr value (L, itchg frequency (f. nput current: uty cycle cntuus cnduct mde: nput current ripple: L f The parameters needed fr the lss calculat can be determed accrdg t previusly calculated values as:

9 GBT nverter Lsses cn cff cav crms ( ( av rms ( ( 3.3 Mtr rive Figures 3 and 4 present the tplgy and the typical signals the sgle-quadrant chpper fr the mtr drive. Figure 8 Sgle-quadrant mtr drive

10 GBT nverter Lsses Figure 9 Sgle-quadrant mtr drive typical signals nput parameters fr the calculat: nput vltage (, utput vltage (, utput pwer (, armature ductr value (L, armature resistance value (R, mtr back-emf value (E, itchg frequency (f. Average value f the utput current: uty cycle cntuus cnduct mde: Mimum utput current: R E e e R R L f R L f m Maximum utput current: R E e e R R L f R L f max Output current ripple: max m The parameters needed fr the lss calculat can be determed accrdg t previusly calculated values as: cn

11 GBT nverter Lsses cff cav crms ( ( av rms ( ( Figures 5 7 present the tplgy and the typical signals the fur-quadrant chpper fr the mtr drive. Fig. 6 shws the case f the biplar WM, while the fig. 7 shws the case f the uniplar WM. Apprpriate values can be determed fllwg the same prcedure as fr the sgle-quadrant chpper, takg t accunt that fr the biplar WM the vltage excurs n the lad is. Figure Fur-quadrant mtr drive Figure Fur-quadrant mtr drive typical signals with biplar WM

12 GBT nverter Lsses Figure Fur-quadrant mtr drive typical signals with uniplar WM 3.4 Three-hase A Mtr rive Figures 7 and 8 present the tplgy and the typical signals the three-phase verter fr the A mtr (permanent magnet synchrnus, brushless, duct mtr drive. Figure 3 Three-phase A mtr drive nput parameters fr the calculat: nput vltage (, utput le-t-le vltage ( r utput phase vltage ( an, rms value f the utput current ( rms r utput apparent pwer (S 3 an rms, mtr displacement factr (csφ, equivalent statr ductance (L, itchg frequency (f, utput (mtr electrical frequency f and an verter amplitude mdulat dex m a Output current ripple: a ( L f eak value f the utput current:

13 GBT nverter Lsses rms GBT cnduct lsses: 3 cs 8 ( 8 cs ( π φ φ π a c a ce crms c cav ce T m r m u r u ide nduct lsses: 3 cs 8 ( 8 cs ( π φ φ π a a rms av m r m u r u n rder t fd a simple slut fr the itchg lss calculat, it is suppsed that the lsses generated the verter ne half-wave f the utput frequency (/( f crrespnd t the lsses generated if stead f A utput current a equivalent utput current is applied. The equivalent utput current value is: π This value can be used fr [ Tn, Tff ] the itchg lss calculat as described detail the chapter.3. Figure 4 Three-phase A mtr drive typical signals

14 GBT nverter Lsses 3.5 Switched Reluctance Mtr rive Figures, and present the tplgy and the typical signals the tw-quadrant chpper fr ne phase f the itched reluctance mtr drive. The cmplete cnverter cnsists f mre tw-quadrant cnverters, the number f which depends n the number f the mtr phases. The prcedure fr the pwer lss calculat is practically the same as with the mtr drive and therefre the same equats can be used. Figure 5 Tw-quadrant cnverter fr ne phase wdg f the itched reluctance mtr drive Figure 6 Switched reluctance mtr drive typical signals with biplar WM

15 GBT nverter Lsses Figure 7 Switched reluctance mtr drive typical signals with uniplar WM 3.6 iez-electric Actuatr Figures 3 and 4 present the tplgy and the typical signals the tw-quadrant / cnverter fr the piez-electric actuatr, used, fr example, direct ject systems. The prcedure fr the pwer lss calculat is the same as with the step-dwn (buck cnverter durg chargg and the same as with the step-up (bst cnverter durg the dischargg. Namely, while the actuatr is chargg, the system behaves like a step-dwn cnverter (GBT and ide are active and the energy flws frm t A and the energy flw reverses while the A is dischargg (GBT and ide are active. Figure 8 Tw-quadrant cnverter fr piez-electric actuatr

16 GBT nverter Lsses Figure 9 nverter fr piez-electric actuatr typical signals 4 nclus This Applicat Nte presented a mathematical tl fr the calculat f pwer lsses GBT-based pwer electrnics cnverters used autmtive applicats. Mathematical mdel fr the pwer lss balance calculat usg the data-sheet parameters was presented. The typical autmtive applicats were reviewed and the applicat specific parameters imprtant fr the lss balance were extracted.

17 Edit 9--9 ublished by nfen Technlgies AG, Am ampen -, Neubiberg, Germany nfen Technlgies AG 6. All Rights Reserved. LEGAL SLAMER THE NFORMATON GVEN N THS ALATON NOTE S GVEN AS A HNT FOR THE MLEMENTATON OF THE NFNEON TEHNOLOGES OMONENT ONLY AN SHALL NOT BE REGARE AS ANY ESRTON OR WARRANTY OF A ERTAN FNTONALTY, ONTON OR QALTY OF THE NFNEON TEHNOLOGES OMONENT. THE REENT OF THS ALATON NOTE MST VERFY ANY FNTON ESRBE HEREN N THE REAL ALATON. NFNEON TEHNOLOGES HEREBY SLAMS ANY AN ALL WARRANTES AN LABLTES OF ANY KN (NLNG WTHOT LMTATON WARRANTES OF NON-NFRNGEMENT OF NTELLETAL ROERTY RGHTS OF ANY THR ARTY WTH RESET TO ANY AN ALL NFORMATON GVEN N THS ALATON NOTE. nfrmat Fr further frmat n technlgy, delivery terms and cndits and prices please cntact yur nearest nfen Technlgies Office ( Warngs ue t technical requirements cmpnents may cnta dangerus substances. Fr frmat n the types quest please cntact yur nearest nfen Technlgies Office. nfen Technlgies mpnents may nly be used life-supprt devices r systems with the express written apprval f nfen Technlgies, if a failure f such cmpnents can reasnably be expected t cause the failure f that life-supprt device r system, r t affect the safety r effectiveness f that device r system. Life supprt devices r systems are tended t be implanted the human bdy, r t supprt and/r mata and susta and/r prtect human life. f they fail, it is reasnable t assume that the health f the user r ther persns may be endangered.

A Novel Isolated Buck-Boost Converter

A Novel Isolated Buck-Boost Converter vel slated uck-st Cnverter S-Sek Kim *,WOO-J JG,JOOG-HO SOG, Ok-K Kang, and Hee-Jn Kim ept. f Electrical Eng., Seul atinal University f Technlgy, Krea Schl f Electrical and Cmputer Eng., Hanyang University,