Physics 2B Chapter 23 Notes - Faraday s Law & Inductors Spring 2018

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Physics 2B Chapter 23 Notes - Faraday s Law & Inductors Spring 2018"

Transcription

1 Michael Faraday lived in the Lndn area frm 1791 t He was 29 years ld when Hand Oersted, in 1820, accidentally discvered that electric current creates magnetic field. Thrugh empirical bservatin and a lt f trial and errr, arund 1830 Faraday wuld make ne f the mst imprtant discveries f the century: that, under certain circumstances, a magnetic field can create current. What are these certain circumstances? Faraday fund that a static magnetic field prduces n induced current, but changes in a magnetic field passing thrugh a cil f wire wuld induce a current in the cil. The key was that the magnetic field thrugh the cil had t change smehw. Faraday s Law f Inductin summarized the effect by first defining magnetic flux: the prduct f an area and the magnitude f the magnetic field that passes thrugh the area. We can write the magnetic flux as: φ B Bcsθ B where B and are the magnitudes f the magnetic field and area, respectively, and θ is the angle between the directins f B and. Faraday discvered that any change in the magnetic flux will induce a ptential arund the lp; if the lp is a cnductr, a crrespnding current will als be induced. Faraday s Law prvides an expressin fr the induced ptential; if a current is t be induced, the cnductr at issue must have sme resistance and we simply cmbine Faraday s Law with Ohm s Law (frm Chapter 21) t determine the induced current (caused by the induced ptential.) ind dφb N d( Bcsθ ) N Faraday s Law f Inductin few imprtant ntes: The N in frnt takes int cnsideratin the pssibility that the area might be that f a cil f N turns. In such a case, the ttal induced ptential f all the turns cmbined (as they are in series) is simply N times the induced ptential f ne turn. Fr mst prblems, N will be ne. The minus sign in frnt indicates the directin f the induced ptential (and crrespnding induced current, where applicable.) Essentially the minus sign tells us that the induced ptential will be in the directin ppsite the change (either increase r decrease) f the magnetic flux. See belw fr an explanatin, via Lenz Law, fr hw t determine the directin f the induced ptential. T induce a ptential, any r all f B r csθ can change, althugh mst prblems will keep tw f these cnstant and change nly f the three. See belw fr mre details. Page 1 f 6

2 Three ersins f Faraday s Law Faraday s Law tells us that if the magnetic flux thrugh a lp changes, a ptential will be induced arund the lp. There are three ways that the magnetic flux can change: B can change, can change, r the angle between B and can change. If B, the magnetic field, changes: If a prblem presents yu with a changing magnetic field, then the area thrugh which it passes and the angle between the area and the magnetic field will bth be cnstant. The prblem will either suggest that the magnetic field varies cntinuusly, and will give yu a way t determine the rate, i.e. db/, either by prviding it directly r prviding a functin f which yu can take the derivative with respect t time. Or yu will be asked t find the average induced ptential by replacing the rate f change with the change in B (i.e. final minus initial) divided by the time interval. We can simplify Faraday s Law t then read: ind avg db Ncsθ B changes cntinuusly B N θ t cs B changes frm initial t final ver a specified time interval If, the area, changes: If a prblem presents yu with a changing area, then the magnetic field and the angle between the area and the magnetic field will bth be cnstant. Just as with the changing magnetic field scenari abve, yu will either be prvided a rate f change f the area, r yu will be asked t find the average induced ptential by cnsidering the change in the area ver a given time interval. We can simplify Faraday s Law t then read: ind avg d NB csθ changes cntinuusly NB θ t cs changes frm initial t final ver a specified time interval If θ, the angle, changes: If a prblem presents yu with a changing angle, then the magnetic field and the angle between the area and the magnetic field will bth be cnstant. If the angle changes cntinuusly, then we can assume the Page 2 f 6

3 cil (r lp) is rtating at a cnstant rate. We can define this rate as an angular velcity (Chapter 10) given by the symbl ω, and the angle at any given time is θ ωt. (Nte that we simply define angle zer t be when time is zer.) With this definitin, Faraday s Law becmes: ind d(csωt) NB NBω( sinωt) NBω sinθ nd s ur tw pssible expressins fr a changing angle are: NBω sinθ ind θ changes cntinuusly, a cil rtating with ang velcity ω (csθ ) avg NB t θ changes frm initial t final ver a specified time interval The six versins f Faraday s Law, in the three bxes abve, are what yu will use t tackle the prblems in Chapter 23. Each prblem will simply require that yu evaluate the circumstances presented in each prblem and chse the apprpriate expressin fr thse circumstances. Directin f the Induced Ptential r Current: Lenz Law Lenz Law was created by Heinrich Lenz in 1834 as a cmplement t Faraday s Law f Inductin. Lenz Law is a statement f the directin f the ptential, and current (if applicable), induced in a lp r cil. It states simply that the directin f the induced current will be such that it will ppse the change in the magnetic flux (and thus the minus sign in Faraday s Law.) But what des this mean, t ppse? T make sense f this, it is imprtant t realize that the induced current is an actual current that has all the prperties f a current that we explred in Chapter 22. That is, the induced current creates its wn magnetic field. The key t understanding Lenz Law is t realize that the magnetic field created by the induced current will be in such a directin as t ppse the increase f decrease f the magnetic flux that was respnsible fr inducing the current in the first place. nd if yu knw the directin f the magnetic field created by the induced current, yu shuld be able t determine the directin f the induced current. The prcess fr using Lenz Law is simply three steps: 1. Did the magnetic flux increase r decrease, and which directin? 2. What directin wuld a magnetic field need t be created t ppse the change identified in Step 1? 3. Determine the directin f the induced current that created such a magnetic field. Page 3 f 6

4 Inductrs n inductr is simply a lng, thin cil f wire... that is, a slenid! We can re-purpse the picture frm the Chapter 22 ntes: Slenid Inductr with N turns, length L and crss-sectin area n inductr and a slenid are the same thing. Why the tw different names? By cnventin we call the cil a slenid if we are using it t create a magnetic field inside (fr whatever reasn... slenids are ften used in mechanical devices, like dr lcks, by which the magnetic field in the slenid alternatively attracts r repels a magnetized rd.) s a slenid, the current is typically turned n r ff t create a magnetic field that can be turned n r ff... like an electrmagnet. If we use the cil as an inductr, it has a different purpse. In this case, we expect the current in the inductr t change and the change f the current will cause a changing magnetic field in the middle f the inductr. This will create an induced ptential in each lp f the inductr; the ttal induced ptential then will be N times the induced ptential f ne lp. Using Faraday s Law, we can write: µ B NI L Magnetic field in a slenid inductr ind db csθ Ptential induced in ne lp f the inductr cil We multiply the secnd expressin by N, t accunt fr all the lps f the inductr. nd we acknwledge that the magnetic field passes directly thrugh the area f the lps, s the angle θ is zer. Finally, we substitute the expressin fr B and the result is an expressin fr the ttal ptential induced in the lps f ur inductr: Page 4 f 6

5 ind d(µ NI N / L) Or: µ N ind L 2 di t this pint we make a definitin: the inductance f the cil. Unfrtunately the symbl we use fr inductance is L, which I have already used as the length f the inductr cil. I will switch nw t use l (a script L ) fr the length f the inductr cil. Then the inductance f the cil is defined by: µ L N l 2 Inductance f an inductr cil We have a new cncept: inductance. We have t define the SI unit f inductance. If we cnsider the units f µ, the unit f and the unit f l (nte that N has n units) we can see that the units f L are: (T-m/) m 2 / m r T-m 2 / We define this as a Henry, after the merican physicist Jseph Henry (wh made imprtant cntributins t the study f inductance during the 19 th century.) Henry is abbreviated with a capital H, s: SI unit f inductance: H T-m 2 / Cnsidering that the µ in the expressin fr inductance includes a factr f 10-7, it shuld be fairly easy t see that creating a inductr with an inductance f ne Henry is quite a feat! The ther three factrs: the number f lps, the area f the lps r the length f the cil, wuld have t be planned s as t vercme that factr f Fr this reasn, cmmn inductrs are frequently measured in millihenries (i.e. mh), r micrhenries (i.e. µh.) We can nw rewrite the expressin fr the ptential induced acrss an inductr cil (i.e. frm ne side t the ther) as: di ind L where L is the inductance f the cil. Page 5 f 6

6 We can nw see hw inductrs cmplete ur set f elements we use in electric circuits. In Chapter 20 we fund capacitrs, in Chapter 21 we fund resistrs, and Chapter 23 we nw have fund inductrs. Capacitr: 1 q Special case? Parallel plate capacitr: C ε C d Resistr: R I Special case? Resistance f a wire: R w k Inductr: di L Special case? Inductr cil: µ L N l 2 Nte the prgressin in the expressins fr the ptential acrss a capacitr, resistr and inductr: The ptential acrss the capacitr is prprtinal t the charge, q, n the capacitr. The ptential acrss the resistr is prprtinal t the current, dq/, thrugh the resistr. The ptential acrss the inductr is prprtinal t the rate f change f the current, di/. Just as with capacitrs and resistrs, we have a symbl fr an inductr that we use in circuit diagrams: Capacitr Resistr Inductr What are inductrs used fr? If the current in a circuit tries t increase r decrease (i.e. there is a di/) then an inductr in the circuit with inhibit the change in the current in much the same way that the resistr in the RC circuit slwed dwn the rate at which charge accumulated n the capacitr. Inductrs can be useful, therefre, in simple surge cntrl circuits: if smething unexpected tries t increase the current in a circuit (a pwer surge?) then an inductr with resist the increase in current (and effectively blck the damaging effects f the surge.) Simple dimmer switches take advantage f the fact that the current in ur hmes is alternating... and therefre an inductr presents a type f resistance in such a circuit. variable inductr (yu vary it by turning a knb) can therefre act as a dimmer switch, varying the amunt f current that is allwed thrugh the switch t pwer the light attached t the switch. Page 6 f 6

Chapter 30. Inductance

Chapter 30. Inductance Chapter 30 nductance 30. Self-nductance Cnsider a lp f wire at rest. f we establish a current arund the lp, it will prduce a magnetic field. Sme f the magnetic field lines pass thrugh the lp. et! be the

More information

Electric Current and Resistance

Electric Current and Resistance Electric Current and Resistance Electric Current Electric current is the rate f flw f charge thrugh sme regin f space The SI unit f current is the ampere (A) 1 A = 1 C / s The symbl fr electric current

More information

AQA GCSE Physics. Topic 7: Magnetism and Electromagnetism. Notes. (Content in bold is for Higher Tier only)

AQA GCSE Physics. Topic 7: Magnetism and Electromagnetism. Notes. (Content in bold is for Higher Tier only) AQA GCSE Physics Tpic 7: Magnetism and Electrmagnetism Ntes (Cntent in bld is fr Higher Tier nly) Magnets - Nrth and Suth Ples - Same Ples repel - Oppsite ples attract Permanent Magnets - Always magnetic,

More information

PHYS College Physics II Final Examination Review

PHYS College Physics II Final Examination Review PHYS 1402- Cllege Physics II Final Examinatin Review The final examinatin will be based n the fllwing Chapters/Sectins and will cnsist f tw parts. Part 1, cnsisting f Multiple Chice questins, will accunt

More information

Flipping Physics Lecture Notes: Simple Harmonic Motion Introduction via a Horizontal Mass-Spring System

Flipping Physics Lecture Notes: Simple Harmonic Motion Introduction via a Horizontal Mass-Spring System Flipping Physics Lecture Ntes: Simple Harmnic Mtin Intrductin via a Hrizntal Mass-Spring System A Hrizntal Mass-Spring System is where a mass is attached t a spring, riented hrizntally, and then placed

More information

37 Maxwell s Equations

37 Maxwell s Equations 37 Maxwell s quatins In this chapter, the plan is t summarize much f what we knw abut electricity and magnetism in a manner similar t the way in which James Clerk Maxwell summarized what was knwn abut

More information

Information for Physics 1201 Midterm I Wednesday, February 20

Information for Physics 1201 Midterm I Wednesday, February 20 My lecture slides are psted at http://www.physics.hi-state.edu/~humanic/ Infrmatin fr Physics 1201 Midterm I Wednesday, February 20 1) Frmat: 10 multiple chice questins (each wrth 5 pints) and tw shw-wrk

More information

Revision: August 19, E Main Suite D Pullman, WA (509) Voice and Fax

Revision: August 19, E Main Suite D Pullman, WA (509) Voice and Fax .7.4: Direct frequency dmain circuit analysis Revisin: August 9, 00 5 E Main Suite D Pullman, WA 9963 (509) 334 6306 ice and Fax Overview n chapter.7., we determined the steadystate respnse f electrical

More information

Phys102 Final-061 Zero Version Coordinator: Nasser Wednesday, January 24, 2007 Page: 1

Phys102 Final-061 Zero Version Coordinator: Nasser Wednesday, January 24, 2007 Page: 1 Crdinatr: Nasser Wednesday, January 4, 007 Page: 1 Q1. Tw transmitters, S 1 and S shwn in the figure, emit identical sund waves f wavelength λ. The transmitters are separated by a distance λ /. Cnsider

More information

Flipping Physics Lecture Notes: Simple Harmonic Motion Introduction via a Horizontal Mass-Spring System

Flipping Physics Lecture Notes: Simple Harmonic Motion Introduction via a Horizontal Mass-Spring System Flipping Physics Lecture Ntes: Simple Harmnic Mtin Intrductin via a Hrizntal Mass-Spring System A Hrizntal Mass-Spring System is where a mass is attached t a spring, riented hrizntally, and then placed

More information

Module 4: General Formulation of Electric Circuit Theory

Module 4: General Formulation of Electric Circuit Theory Mdule 4: General Frmulatin f Electric Circuit Thery 4. General Frmulatin f Electric Circuit Thery All electrmagnetic phenmena are described at a fundamental level by Maxwell's equatins and the assciated

More information

MODULE 1. e x + c. [You can t separate a demominator, but you can divide a single denominator into each numerator term] a + b a(a + b)+1 = a + b

MODULE 1. e x + c. [You can t separate a demominator, but you can divide a single denominator into each numerator term] a + b a(a + b)+1 = a + b . REVIEW OF SOME BASIC ALGEBRA MODULE () Slving Equatins Yu shuld be able t slve fr x: a + b = c a d + e x + c and get x = e(ba +) b(c a) d(ba +) c Cmmn mistakes and strategies:. a b + c a b + a c, but

More information

Supplementary Course Notes Adding and Subtracting AC Voltages and Currents

Supplementary Course Notes Adding and Subtracting AC Voltages and Currents Supplementary Curse Ntes Adding and Subtracting AC Vltages and Currents As mentined previusly, when cmbining DC vltages r currents, we nly need t knw the plarity (vltage) and directin (current). In the

More information

Chapter VII Electrodynamics

Chapter VII Electrodynamics Chapter VII Electrdynamics Recmmended prblems: 7.1, 7., 7.4, 7.5, 7.7, 7.8, 7.10, 7.11, 7.1, 7.13, 7.15, 7.17, 7.18, 7.0, 7.1, 7., 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.9, 7.31, 7.38, 7.40, 7.45, 7.50.. Ohm s Law T make a

More information

Thermodynamics Partial Outline of Topics

Thermodynamics Partial Outline of Topics Thermdynamics Partial Outline f Tpics I. The secnd law f thermdynamics addresses the issue f spntaneity and invlves a functin called entrpy (S): If a prcess is spntaneus, then Suniverse > 0 (2 nd Law!)

More information

Synchronous Motor V-Curves

Synchronous Motor V-Curves Synchrnus Mtr V-Curves 1 Synchrnus Mtr V-Curves Intrductin Synchrnus mtrs are used in applicatins such as textile mills where cnstant speed peratin is critical. Mst small synchrnus mtrs cntain squirrel

More information

Edexcel GCSE Physics

Edexcel GCSE Physics Edexcel GCSE Physics Tpic 10: Electricity and circuits Ntes (Cntent in bld is fr Higher Tier nly) www.pmt.educatin The Structure f the Atm Psitively charged nucleus surrunded by negatively charged electrns

More information

Sections 15.1 to 15.12, 16.1 and 16.2 of the textbook (Robbins-Miller) cover the materials required for this topic.

Sections 15.1 to 15.12, 16.1 and 16.2 of the textbook (Robbins-Miller) cover the materials required for this topic. Tpic : AC Fundamentals, Sinusidal Wavefrm, and Phasrs Sectins 5. t 5., 6. and 6. f the textbk (Rbbins-Miller) cver the materials required fr this tpic.. Wavefrms in electrical systems are current r vltage

More information

Three charges, all with a charge of 10 C are situated as shown (each grid line is separated by 1 meter).

Three charges, all with a charge of 10 C are situated as shown (each grid line is separated by 1 meter). Three charges, all with a charge f 0 are situated as shwn (each grid line is separated by meter). ) What is the net wrk needed t assemble this charge distributin? a) +0.5 J b) +0.8 J c) 0 J d) -0.8 J e)

More information

BASIC DIRECT-CURRENT MEASUREMENTS

BASIC DIRECT-CURRENT MEASUREMENTS Brwn University Physics 0040 Intrductin BASIC DIRECT-CURRENT MEASUREMENTS The measurements described here illustrate the peratin f resistrs and capacitrs in electric circuits, and the use f sme standard

More information

Supplementary Course Notes Adding and Subtracting AC Voltages and Currents

Supplementary Course Notes Adding and Subtracting AC Voltages and Currents Supplementary Curse Ntes Adding and Subtracting AC Vltages and Currents As mentined previusly, when cmbining DC vltages r currents, we nly need t knw the plarity (vltage) and directin (current). In the

More information

Q1. A) 48 m/s B) 17 m/s C) 22 m/s D) 66 m/s E) 53 m/s. Ans: = 84.0 Q2.

Q1. A) 48 m/s B) 17 m/s C) 22 m/s D) 66 m/s E) 53 m/s. Ans: = 84.0 Q2. Phys10 Final-133 Zer Versin Crdinatr: A.A.Naqvi Wednesday, August 13, 014 Page: 1 Q1. A string, f length 0.75 m and fixed at bth ends, is vibrating in its fundamental mde. The maximum transverse speed

More information

20 Faraday s Law and Maxwell s Extension to Ampere s Law

20 Faraday s Law and Maxwell s Extension to Ampere s Law Chapter 20 Faraday s Law and Maxwell s Extensin t Ampere s Law 20 Faraday s Law and Maxwell s Extensin t Ampere s Law Cnsider the case f a charged particle that is ming in the icinity f a ming bar magnet

More information

Lecture 02 CSE 40547/60547 Computing at the Nanoscale

Lecture 02 CSE 40547/60547 Computing at the Nanoscale PN Junctin Ntes: Lecture 02 CSE 40547/60547 Cmputing at the Nanscale Letʼs start with a (very) shrt review f semi-cnducting materials: - N-type material: Obtained by adding impurity with 5 valence elements

More information

This section is primarily focused on tools to aid us in finding roots/zeros/ -intercepts of polynomials. Essentially, our focus turns to solving.

This section is primarily focused on tools to aid us in finding roots/zeros/ -intercepts of polynomials. Essentially, our focus turns to solving. Sectin 3.2: Many f yu WILL need t watch the crrespnding vides fr this sectin n MyOpenMath! This sectin is primarily fcused n tls t aid us in finding rts/zers/ -intercepts f plynmials. Essentially, ur fcus

More information

Work, Energy, and Power

Work, Energy, and Power rk, Energy, and Pwer Physics 1 There are many different TYPES f Energy. Energy is expressed in JOULES (J 419J 4.19 1 calrie Energy can be expressed mre specifically by using the term ORK( rk The Scalar

More information

Lab 1 The Scientific Method

Lab 1 The Scientific Method INTRODUCTION The fllwing labratry exercise is designed t give yu, the student, an pprtunity t explre unknwn systems, r universes, and hypthesize pssible rules which may gvern the behavir within them. Scientific

More information

CHAPTER 2 Algebraic Expressions and Fundamental Operations

CHAPTER 2 Algebraic Expressions and Fundamental Operations CHAPTER Algebraic Expressins and Fundamental Operatins OBJECTIVES: 1. Algebraic Expressins. Terms. Degree. Gruping 5. Additin 6. Subtractin 7. Multiplicatin 8. Divisin Algebraic Expressin An algebraic

More information

Lab 11 LRC Circuits, Damped Forced Harmonic Motion

Lab 11 LRC Circuits, Damped Forced Harmonic Motion Physics 6 ab ab 11 ircuits, Damped Frced Harmnic Mtin What Yu Need T Knw: The Physics OK this is basically a recap f what yu ve dne s far with circuits and circuits. Nw we get t put everything tgether

More information

Relationships Between Frequency, Capacitance, Inductance and Reactance.

Relationships Between Frequency, Capacitance, Inductance and Reactance. P Physics Relatinships between f,, and. Relatinships Between Frequency, apacitance, nductance and Reactance. Purpse: T experimentally verify the relatinships between f, and. The data cllected will lead

More information

Plan o o. I(t) Divide problem into sub-problems Modify schematic and coordinate system (if needed) Write general equations

Plan o o. I(t) Divide problem into sub-problems Modify schematic and coordinate system (if needed) Write general equations STAPLE Physics 201 Name Final Exam May 14, 2013 This is a clsed bk examinatin but during the exam yu may refer t a 5 x7 nte card with wrds f wisdm yu have written n it. There is extra scratch paper available.

More information

Chapter 16. Capacitance. Capacitance, cont. Parallel-Plate Capacitor, Example 1/20/2011. Electric Energy and Capacitance

Chapter 16. Capacitance. Capacitance, cont. Parallel-Plate Capacitor, Example 1/20/2011. Electric Energy and Capacitance summary C = ε A / d = πε L / ln( b / a ) ab C = 4πε 4πε a b a b >> a Chapter 16 Electric Energy and Capacitance Capacitance Q=CV Parallel plates, caxial cables, Earth Series and parallel 1 1 1 = + +..

More information

Differentiation Applications 1: Related Rates

Differentiation Applications 1: Related Rates Differentiatin Applicatins 1: Related Rates 151 Differentiatin Applicatins 1: Related Rates Mdel 1: Sliding Ladder 10 ladder y 10 ladder 10 ladder A 10 ft ladder is leaning against a wall when the bttm

More information

4) What is the magnitude of the net electric field at the center of the square?

4) What is the magnitude of the net electric field at the center of the square? Fur charges are n the fur crners f a square. Q = +5C, Q = -0C, Q 3 = +5C, Q 4 = -0C. The side length f each side f the square is 3 m. Q Q ) What is the directin f the frce n Q due t ONLY Q 4? (a) up (b)

More information

, which yields. where z1. and z2

, which yields. where z1. and z2 The Gaussian r Nrmal PDF, Page 1 The Gaussian r Nrmal Prbability Density Functin Authr: Jhn M Cimbala, Penn State University Latest revisin: 11 September 13 The Gaussian r Nrmal Prbability Density Functin

More information

General Chemistry II, Unit I: Study Guide (part I)

General Chemistry II, Unit I: Study Guide (part I) 1 General Chemistry II, Unit I: Study Guide (part I) CDS Chapter 14: Physical Prperties f Gases Observatin 1: Pressure- Vlume Measurements n Gases The spring f air is measured as pressure, defined as the

More information

Q1. A string of length L is fixed at both ends. Which one of the following is NOT a possible wavelength for standing waves on this string?

Q1. A string of length L is fixed at both ends. Which one of the following is NOT a possible wavelength for standing waves on this string? Term: 111 Thursday, January 05, 2012 Page: 1 Q1. A string f length L is fixed at bth ends. Which ne f the fllwing is NOT a pssible wavelength fr standing waves n this string? Q2. λ n = 2L n = A) 4L B)

More information

PHY 2054C Review guide Fall 2018 Chapter 17 Wave optics

PHY 2054C Review guide Fall 2018 Chapter 17 Wave optics PHY 2054C Review guide Fall 2018 Chapter 17 Wave ptics Light acts as a wave, ray, particle, and phtn. Refractive index n = c/v Light waves travel with speed c in a vacuum they slw dwn when they pass thrugh

More information

ECE 5318/6352 Antenna Engineering. Spring 2006 Dr. Stuart Long. Chapter 6. Part 7 Schelkunoff s Polynomial

ECE 5318/6352 Antenna Engineering. Spring 2006 Dr. Stuart Long. Chapter 6. Part 7 Schelkunoff s Polynomial ECE 538/635 Antenna Engineering Spring 006 Dr. Stuart Lng Chapter 6 Part 7 Schelkunff s Plynmial 7 Schelkunff s Plynmial Representatin (fr discrete arrays) AF( ψ ) N n 0 A n e jnψ N number f elements in

More information

Lecture 7: Damped and Driven Oscillations

Lecture 7: Damped and Driven Oscillations Lecture 7: Damped and Driven Oscillatins Last time, we fund fr underdamped scillatrs: βt x t = e A1 + A csω1t + i A1 A sinω1t A 1 and A are cmplex numbers, but ur answer must be real Implies that A 1 and

More information

Medium Scale Integrated (MSI) devices [Sections 2.9 and 2.10]

Medium Scale Integrated (MSI) devices [Sections 2.9 and 2.10] EECS 270, Winter 2017, Lecture 3 Page 1 f 6 Medium Scale Integrated (MSI) devices [Sectins 2.9 and 2.10] As we ve seen, it s smetimes nt reasnable t d all the design wrk at the gate-level smetimes we just

More information

Activity Guide Loops and Random Numbers

Activity Guide Loops and Random Numbers Unit 3 Lessn 7 Name(s) Perid Date Activity Guide Lps and Randm Numbers CS Cntent Lps are a relatively straightfrward idea in prgramming - yu want a certain chunk f cde t run repeatedly - but it takes a

More information

Review Problems 3. Four FIR Filter Types

Review Problems 3. Four FIR Filter Types Review Prblems 3 Fur FIR Filter Types Fur types f FIR linear phase digital filters have cefficients h(n fr 0 n M. They are defined as fllws: Type I: h(n = h(m-n and M even. Type II: h(n = h(m-n and M dd.

More information

Q1. In figure 1, Q = 60 µc, q = 20 µc, a = 3.0 m, and b = 4.0 m. Calculate the total electric force on q due to the other 2 charges.

Q1. In figure 1, Q = 60 µc, q = 20 µc, a = 3.0 m, and b = 4.0 m. Calculate the total electric force on q due to the other 2 charges. Phys10 Secnd Majr-08 Zer Versin Crdinatr: Dr. I. M. Nasser Saturday, May 3, 009 Page: 1 Q1. In figure 1, Q = 60 µc, q = 0 µc, a = 3.0 m, and b = 4.0 m. Calculate the ttal electric frce n q due t the ther

More information

ENSC Discrete Time Systems. Project Outline. Semester

ENSC Discrete Time Systems. Project Outline. Semester ENSC 49 - iscrete Time Systems Prject Outline Semester 006-1. Objectives The gal f the prject is t design a channel fading simulatr. Upn successful cmpletin f the prject, yu will reinfrce yur understanding

More information

PHYS 314 HOMEWORK #3

PHYS 314 HOMEWORK #3 PHYS 34 HOMEWORK #3 Due : 8 Feb. 07. A unifrm chain f mass M, lenth L and density λ (measured in k/m) hans s that its bttm link is just tuchin a scale. The chain is drpped frm rest nt the scale. What des

More information

GENERAL FORMULAS FOR FLAT-TOPPED WAVEFORMS. J.e. Sprott. Plasma Studies. University of Wisconsin

GENERAL FORMULAS FOR FLAT-TOPPED WAVEFORMS. J.e. Sprott. Plasma Studies. University of Wisconsin GENERAL FORMULAS FOR FLAT-TOPPED WAVEFORMS J.e. Sprtt PLP 924 September 1984 Plasma Studies University f Wiscnsin These PLP Reprts are infrmal and preliminary and as such may cntain errrs nt yet eliminated.

More information

Chapter 6. Dielectrics and Capacitance

Chapter 6. Dielectrics and Capacitance Chapter 6. Dielectrics and Capacitance Hayt; //009; 6- Dielectrics are insulating materials with n free charges. All charges are bund at mlecules by Culmb frce. An applied electric field displaces charges

More information

Coupled Inductors and Transformers

Coupled Inductors and Transformers Cupled nductrs and Transfrmers Self-nductance When current i flws thrugh the cil, a magnetic flux is prduced arund it. d d di di v= = = dt di dt dt nductance: = d di This inductance is cmmnly called self-inductance,

More information

11. DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER

11. DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER 11. DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER Very shrt answer and shrt answer questins 1. Define wrk functin f a metal? The minimum energy required fr an electrn t escape frm the metal surface is called the

More information

Physics 102. Second Midterm Examination. Summer Term ( ) (Fundamental constants) (Coulomb constant)

Physics 102. Second Midterm Examination. Summer Term ( ) (Fundamental constants) (Coulomb constant) ε µ0 N mp T kg Kuwait University hysics Department hysics 0 Secnd Midterm Examinatin Summer Term (00-0) July 7, 0 Time: 6:00 7:0 M Name Student N Instructrs: Drs. bdel-karim, frusheh, Farhan, Kkaj, a,

More information

Dispersion Ref Feynman Vol-I, Ch-31

Dispersion Ref Feynman Vol-I, Ch-31 Dispersin Ref Feynman Vl-I, Ch-31 n () = 1 + q N q /m 2 2 2 0 i ( b/m) We have learned that the index f refractin is nt just a simple number, but a quantity that varies with the frequency f the light.

More information

NGSS High School Physics Domain Model

NGSS High School Physics Domain Model NGSS High Schl Physics Dmain Mdel Mtin and Stability: Frces and Interactins HS-PS2-1: Students will be able t analyze data t supprt the claim that Newtn s secnd law f mtin describes the mathematical relatinship

More information

AP Physics Laboratory #4.1: Projectile Launcher

AP Physics Laboratory #4.1: Projectile Launcher AP Physics Labratry #4.1: Prjectile Launcher Name: Date: Lab Partners: EQUIPMENT NEEDED PASCO Prjectile Launcher, Timer, Phtgates, Time f Flight Accessry PURPOSE The purpse f this Labratry is t use the

More information

Lecture 6: Phase Space and Damped Oscillations

Lecture 6: Phase Space and Damped Oscillations Lecture 6: Phase Space and Damped Oscillatins Oscillatins in Multiple Dimensins The preius discussin was fine fr scillatin in a single dimensin In general, thugh, we want t deal with the situatin where:

More information

Honors Physics Final Review Summary

Honors Physics Final Review Summary Hnrs Physics Final Review Summary Wrk Dne By A Cnstant Frce: Wrk describes a frce s tendency t change the speed f an bject. Wrk is dne nly when an bject mves in respnse t a frce, and a cmpnent f the frce

More information

I. Analytical Potential and Field of a Uniform Rod. V E d. The definition of electric potential difference is

I. Analytical Potential and Field of a Uniform Rod. V E d. The definition of electric potential difference is Length L>>a,b,c Phys 232 Lab 4 Ch 17 Electric Ptential Difference Materials: whitebards & pens, cmputers with VPythn, pwer supply & cables, multimeter, crkbard, thumbtacks, individual prbes and jined prbes,

More information

INDUCTANCE Self Inductance

INDUCTANCE Self Inductance DUCTCE 3. Sef nductance Cnsider the circuit shwn in the Figure. S R When the switch is csed the current, and s the magnetic fied, thrugh the circuit increases frm zer t a specific vaue. The increasing

More information

Chapter 23 Electromagnetic Waves Lecture 14

Chapter 23 Electromagnetic Waves Lecture 14 Chapter 23 Electrmagnetic Waves Lecture 14 23.1 The Discvery f Electrmagnetic Waves 23.2 Prperties f Electrmagnetic Waves 23.3 Electrmagnetic Waves Carry Energy and Mmentum 23.4 Types f Electrmagnetic

More information

AP Physics Kinematic Wrap Up

AP Physics Kinematic Wrap Up AP Physics Kinematic Wrap Up S what d yu need t knw abut this mtin in tw-dimensin stuff t get a gd scre n the ld AP Physics Test? First ff, here are the equatins that yu ll have t wrk with: v v at x x

More information

How do scientists measure trees? What is DBH?

How do scientists measure trees? What is DBH? Hw d scientists measure trees? What is DBH? Purpse Students develp an understanding f tree size and hw scientists measure trees. Students bserve and measure tree ckies and explre the relatinship between

More information

Physics 2010 Motion with Constant Acceleration Experiment 1

Physics 2010 Motion with Constant Acceleration Experiment 1 . Physics 00 Mtin with Cnstant Acceleratin Experiment In this lab, we will study the mtin f a glider as it accelerates dwnhill n a tilted air track. The glider is supprted ver the air track by a cushin

More information

ENGINEERING COUNCIL CERTIFICATE LEVEL THERMODYNAMIC, FLUID AND PROCESS ENGINEERING C106 TUTORIAL 5 THE VISCOUS NATURE OF FLUIDS

ENGINEERING COUNCIL CERTIFICATE LEVEL THERMODYNAMIC, FLUID AND PROCESS ENGINEERING C106 TUTORIAL 5 THE VISCOUS NATURE OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING COUNCIL CERTIFICATE LEVEL THERMODYNAMIC, FLUID AND PROCESS ENGINEERING C106 TUTORIAL 5 THE VISCOUS NATURE OF FLUIDS On cmpletin f this tutrial yu shuld be able t d the fllwing. Define viscsity

More information

Preparation work for A2 Mathematics [2017]

Preparation work for A2 Mathematics [2017] Preparatin wrk fr A2 Mathematics [2017] The wrk studied in Y12 after the return frm study leave is frm the Cre 3 mdule f the A2 Mathematics curse. This wrk will nly be reviewed during Year 13, it will

More information

making triangle (ie same reference angle) ). This is a standard form that will allow us all to have the X= y=

making triangle (ie same reference angle) ). This is a standard form that will allow us all to have the X= y= Intrductin t Vectrs I 21 Intrductin t Vectrs I 22 I. Determine the hrizntal and vertical cmpnents f the resultant vectr by cunting n the grid. X= y= J. Draw a mangle with hrizntal and vertical cmpnents

More information

Weathering. Title: Chemical and Mechanical Weathering. Grade Level: Subject/Content: Earth and Space Science

Weathering. Title: Chemical and Mechanical Weathering. Grade Level: Subject/Content: Earth and Space Science Weathering Title: Chemical and Mechanical Weathering Grade Level: 9-12 Subject/Cntent: Earth and Space Science Summary f Lessn: Students will test hw chemical and mechanical weathering can affect a rck

More information

Schedule. Time Varying electromagnetic fields (1 Week) 6.1 Overview 6.2 Faraday s law (6.2.1 only) 6.3 Maxwell s equations

Schedule. Time Varying electromagnetic fields (1 Week) 6.1 Overview 6.2 Faraday s law (6.2.1 only) 6.3 Maxwell s equations chedule Time Varying electrmagnetic fields (1 Week) 6.1 Overview 6.2 Faraday s law (6.2.1 nly) 6.3 Maxwell s equatins Wave quatin (3 Week) 6.5 Time-Harmnic fields 7.1 Overview 7.2 Plane Waves in Lssless

More information

Interference is when two (or more) sets of waves meet and combine to produce a new pattern.

Interference is when two (or more) sets of waves meet and combine to produce a new pattern. Interference Interference is when tw (r mre) sets f waves meet and cmbine t prduce a new pattern. This pattern can vary depending n the riginal wave directin, wavelength, amplitude, etc. The tw mst extreme

More information

Solution to HW14 Fall-2002

Solution to HW14 Fall-2002 Slutin t HW14 Fall-2002 CJ5 10.CQ.003. REASONING AND SOLUTION Figures 10.11 and 10.14 shw the velcity and the acceleratin, respectively, the shadw a ball that underges unirm circular mtin. The shadw underges

More information

Phy 213: General Physics III 6/14/2007 Chapter 28 Worksheet 1

Phy 213: General Physics III 6/14/2007 Chapter 28 Worksheet 1 Ph 13: General Phsics III 6/14/007 Chapter 8 Wrksheet 1 Magnetic Fields & Frce 1. A pint charge, q= 510 C and m=110-3 m kg, travels with a velcit f: v = 30 ˆ s i then enters a magnetic field: = 110 T ˆj.

More information

[COLLEGE ALGEBRA EXAM I REVIEW TOPICS] ( u s e t h i s t o m a k e s u r e y o u a r e r e a d y )

[COLLEGE ALGEBRA EXAM I REVIEW TOPICS] ( u s e t h i s t o m a k e s u r e y o u a r e r e a d y ) (Abut the final) [COLLEGE ALGEBRA EXAM I REVIEW TOPICS] ( u s e t h i s t m a k e s u r e y u a r e r e a d y ) The department writes the final exam s I dn't really knw what's n it and I can't very well

More information

Compressibility Effects

Compressibility Effects Definitin f Cmpressibility All real substances are cmpressible t sme greater r lesser extent; that is, when yu squeeze r press n them, their density will change The amunt by which a substance can be cmpressed

More information

Matter Content from State Frameworks and Other State Documents

Matter Content from State Frameworks and Other State Documents Atms and Mlecules Mlecules are made f smaller entities (atms) which are bnded tgether. Therefre mlecules are divisible. Miscnceptin: Element and atm are synnyms. Prper cnceptin: Elements are atms with

More information

ECEN 4872/5827 Lecture Notes

ECEN 4872/5827 Lecture Notes ECEN 4872/5827 Lecture Ntes Lecture #5 Objectives fr lecture #5: 1. Analysis f precisin current reference 2. Appraches fr evaluating tlerances 3. Temperature Cefficients evaluatin technique 4. Fundamentals

More information

Materials Engineering 272-C Fall 2001, Lecture 7 & 8 Fundamentals of Diffusion

Materials Engineering 272-C Fall 2001, Lecture 7 & 8 Fundamentals of Diffusion Materials Engineering 272-C Fall 2001, Lecture 7 & 8 Fundamentals f Diffusin Diffusin: Transprt in a slid, liquid, r gas driven by a cncentratin gradient (r, in the case f mass transprt, a chemical ptential

More information

1 Course Notes in Introductory Physics Jeffrey Seguritan

1 Course Notes in Introductory Physics Jeffrey Seguritan Intrductin & Kinematics I Intrductin Quickie Cncepts Units SI is standard system f units used t measure physical quantities. Base units that we use: meter (m) is standard unit f length kilgram (kg) is

More information

Lab #3: Pendulum Period and Proportionalities

Lab #3: Pendulum Period and Proportionalities Physics 144 Chwdary Hw Things Wrk Spring 2006 Name: Partners Name(s): Intrductin Lab #3: Pendulum Perid and Prprtinalities Smetimes, it is useful t knw the dependence f ne quantity n anther, like hw the

More information

Part One: Heat Changes and Thermochemistry. This aspect of Thermodynamics was dealt with in Chapter 6. (Review)

Part One: Heat Changes and Thermochemistry. This aspect of Thermodynamics was dealt with in Chapter 6. (Review) CHAPTER 18: THERMODYNAMICS AND EQUILIBRIUM Part One: Heat Changes and Thermchemistry This aspect f Thermdynamics was dealt with in Chapter 6. (Review) A. Statement f First Law. (Sectin 18.1) 1. U ttal

More information

ES201 - Examination 2 Winter Adams and Richards NAME BOX NUMBER

ES201 - Examination 2 Winter Adams and Richards NAME BOX NUMBER ES201 - Examinatin 2 Winter 2003-2004 Adams and Richards NAME BOX NUMBER Please Circle One : Richards (Perid 4) ES201-01 Adams (Perid 4) ES201-02 Adams (Perid 6) ES201-03 Prblem 1 ( 12 ) Prblem 2 ( 24

More information

ENGI 4430 Parametric Vector Functions Page 2-01

ENGI 4430 Parametric Vector Functions Page 2-01 ENGI 4430 Parametric Vectr Functins Page -01. Parametric Vectr Functins (cntinued) Any nn-zer vectr r can be decmpsed int its magnitude r and its directin: r rrˆ, where r r 0 Tangent Vectr: dx dy dz dr

More information

Equilibrium of Stress

Equilibrium of Stress Equilibrium f Stress Cnsider tw perpendicular planes passing thrugh a pint p. The stress cmpnents acting n these planes are as shwn in ig. 3.4.1a. These stresses are usuall shwn tgether acting n a small

More information

Lecture 15. Physics 1202: Lecture 15 Today s Agenda

Lecture 15. Physics 1202: Lecture 15 Today s Agenda Physics 1202: Lecture 15 Tday s Agenda Annuncements: Team prblems tday Team 7: Cailin Catarina, Matthew Canapetti, Kervin Vincent Team 8: Natalie Kasir, Adam Antunes, Quincy Alexander Team 9: Garrett Schlegel,

More information

NUMBERS, MATHEMATICS AND EQUATIONS

NUMBERS, MATHEMATICS AND EQUATIONS AUSTRALIAN CURRICULUM PHYSICS GETTING STARTED WITH PHYSICS NUMBERS, MATHEMATICS AND EQUATIONS An integral part t the understanding f ur physical wrld is the use f mathematical mdels which can be used t

More information

Chapter 3 Kinematics in Two Dimensions; Vectors

Chapter 3 Kinematics in Two Dimensions; Vectors Chapter 3 Kinematics in Tw Dimensins; Vectrs Vectrs and Scalars Additin f Vectrs Graphical Methds (One and Tw- Dimensin) Multiplicatin f a Vectr b a Scalar Subtractin f Vectrs Graphical Methds Adding Vectrs

More information

LHS Mathematics Department Honors Pre-Calculus Final Exam 2002 Answers

LHS Mathematics Department Honors Pre-Calculus Final Exam 2002 Answers LHS Mathematics Department Hnrs Pre-alculus Final Eam nswers Part Shrt Prblems The table at the right gives the ppulatin f Massachusetts ver the past several decades Using an epnential mdel, predict the

More information

Chapter 32. Maxwell s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves

Chapter 32. Maxwell s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves Chapter 32 Maxwell s Equatins and Electrmagnetic Waves Maxwell s Equatins and EM Waves Maxwell s Displacement Current Maxwell s Equatins The EM Wave Equatin Electrmagnetic Radiatin MFMcGraw-PHY 2426 Chap32-Maxwell's

More information

We can see from the graph above that the intersection is, i.e., [ ).

We can see from the graph above that the intersection is, i.e., [ ). MTH 111 Cllege Algebra Lecture Ntes July 2, 2014 Functin Arithmetic: With nt t much difficulty, we ntice that inputs f functins are numbers, and utputs f functins are numbers. S whatever we can d with

More information

W V. (d) W. (3) Which one is used to determine the internal resistance of a cell

W V. (d) W. (3) Which one is used to determine the internal resistance of a cell [CHAPT-13 CUNT LCTICITY] www.prfaminz.cm MULTIPL CHOIC QUSTIONS (1) In carbn resistr the gld band indicates tlerance f (a) 5% (b) % 0% (d) 10% () The wrk dne t mve a psitive charge frm ne pint t anther

More information

To get you thinking...

To get you thinking... T get yu thinking... 1.) What is an element? Give at least 4 examples f elements. 2.) What is the atmic number f hydrgen? What des a neutral hydrgen atm cnsist f? Describe its "mtin". 3.) Hw des an atm

More information

AP Statistics Notes Unit Two: The Normal Distributions

AP Statistics Notes Unit Two: The Normal Distributions AP Statistics Ntes Unit Tw: The Nrmal Distributins Syllabus Objectives: 1.5 The student will summarize distributins f data measuring the psitin using quartiles, percentiles, and standardized scres (z-scres).

More information

CHAPTER 3 INEQUALITIES. Copyright -The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

CHAPTER 3 INEQUALITIES. Copyright -The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India CHAPTER 3 INEQUALITIES Cpyright -The Institute f Chartered Accuntants f India INEQUALITIES LEARNING OBJECTIVES One f the widely used decisin making prblems, nwadays, is t decide n the ptimal mix f scarce

More information

Chapter 5: Force and Motion I-a

Chapter 5: Force and Motion I-a Chapter 5: rce and Mtin I-a rce is the interactin between bjects is a vectr causes acceleratin Net frce: vectr sum f all the frces n an bject. v v N v v v v v ttal net = i = + + 3 + 4 i= Envirnment respnse

More information

Bicycle Generator Dump Load Control Circuit: An Op Amp Comparator with Hysteresis

Bicycle Generator Dump Load Control Circuit: An Op Amp Comparator with Hysteresis Bicycle Generatr Dump Lad Cntrl Circuit: An Op Amp Cmparatr with Hysteresis Sustainable Technlgy Educatin Prject University f Waterl http://www.step.uwaterl.ca December 1, 2009 1 Summary This dcument describes

More information

Study Guide Physics Pre-Comp 2013

Study Guide Physics Pre-Comp 2013 I. Scientific Measurement Metric Units S.I. English Length Meter (m) Feet (ft.) Mass Kilgram (kg) Pund (lb.) Weight Newtn (N) Ounce (z.) r pund (lb.) Time Secnds (s) Secnds (s) Vlume Liter (L) Galln (gal)

More information

Fall 2013 Physics 172 Recitation 3 Momentum and Springs

Fall 2013 Physics 172 Recitation 3 Momentum and Springs Fall 03 Physics 7 Recitatin 3 Mmentum and Springs Purpse: The purpse f this recitatin is t give yu experience wrking with mmentum and the mmentum update frmula. Readings: Chapter.3-.5 Learning Objectives:.3.

More information

Preparation work for A2 Mathematics [2018]

Preparation work for A2 Mathematics [2018] Preparatin wrk fr A Mathematics [018] The wrk studied in Y1 will frm the fundatins n which will build upn in Year 13. It will nly be reviewed during Year 13, it will nt be retaught. This is t allw time

More information

22.54 Neutron Interactions and Applications (Spring 2004) Chapter 11 (3/11/04) Neutron Diffusion

22.54 Neutron Interactions and Applications (Spring 2004) Chapter 11 (3/11/04) Neutron Diffusion .54 Neutrn Interactins and Applicatins (Spring 004) Chapter (3//04) Neutrn Diffusin References -- J. R. Lamarsh, Intrductin t Nuclear Reactr Thery (Addisn-Wesley, Reading, 966) T study neutrn diffusin

More information

More Tutorial at

More Tutorial at Answer each questin in the space prvided; use back f page if extra space is needed. Answer questins s the grader can READILY understand yur wrk; nly wrk n the exam sheet will be cnsidered. Write answers,

More information

EXAM #1 PHYSICAL SCIENCE 103 Spring, 2016

EXAM #1 PHYSICAL SCIENCE 103 Spring, 2016 OBJECTIVES 1. Ft Pressure EXAM #1 PHYSICAL SCIENCE 103 Spring, 2016 Determine the surface area f an bject. Given the weight and surface area, calculate the pressure. 2. Measuring Vlume & Mass Prvided a

More information

Chapter 2 GAUSS LAW Recommended Problems:

Chapter 2 GAUSS LAW Recommended Problems: Chapter GAUSS LAW Recmmended Prblems: 1,4,5,6,7,9,11,13,15,18,19,1,7,9,31,35,37,39,41,43,45,47,49,51,55,57,61,6,69. LCTRIC FLUX lectric flux is a measure f the number f electric filed lines penetrating

More information