SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION. Structural basis of laminin binding to the LARGE glycans on dystroglycan
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1 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Structural asis of laminin inding to the LARGE glycans on dystroglycan David C. Briggs 1, Takako Yoshida-Moriguchi 2, Tianqing Zheng 2, David Venzke 2, Mary Anderson 2, Andrea Strazzulli 3, Marco Moracci 3, Liping Yu 4, Erhard Hohenester 1 *, Kevin P. Campell 2 * 1 Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK. 2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA. 3 Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy. 4 Medical Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA. *Correspondence and requests for materials should e addressed to K.P.C (kevincampell@uiowa.edu) or E.H. (e.hohenester@imperial.ac.uk)
2 Supplementary Results Supplementary Tale 1. Crystallographic statistics of laminin α2 LG4-5 structures without ligand (apo) and with ound G6/7 oligosaccharide. Data collection Form C, apo Form C, G6/7 Form I, apo Form I, G6/7 Space group C222 1 C222 1 I I Cell dimensions a,, c (Å) α, β, γ ( ) 70.69, 111.4, , 90, , 110.7, , 90, 90 Resolution (Å) ( ) a ( ) 112.1, 129.1, , 90, ( ) 111.5, 126.3, , 90, ( ) CC 1/ (0.572) (0.495) (0.640) (0.618) R merge (1.89) (0.422) (4.26) (1.64) I/σ(I) 19.3 (1.3) 17.3 (1.3) 12.9 (1.5) 17.3 (1.7) Completeness (%) 99.8 (99.7) 83.7 (35.8) 95.0 (95.7) 100 (99.9) Redundancy 12.9 (11.8) 3.9 (1.6) 11.9 (12.1) 13.5 (13.6) Refinement Resolution (Å) No. reflections R work / R free 0.155/ / / /0.210 No. atoms Protein G6/7 glycan Ca 2+ Ca Water + uffer molecules B-factors (Å 2 ) Protein G6/7 glycan Water, uffer molecules R.m.s. deviations Bond lengths (Å) Bond angles ( ) a Each data set was collected from a single crystal. The highest-resolution shell is shown in parantheses. This data set is 99.5% complete to 1.69 Å resolution, with >4 redundancy in all resolution shells. Inclusion of the incomplete data from the Å range improved oth the refinement R-factors and the detail in the electron density map.
3 Supplementary Tale 2. Torsion angles of the glycosidic linkages in G6/7. For 1-3 glycosidic linkages, the torsion angles are defined as follows: φ = O5 -C1 -OX -C3 and ψ = C1 -OX -C3-C2 (the primed atoms are from the sugar at the non-reducing end). Form C crystals Form I crystals Energy minimum a Xyl4-α1,3-GlcA3 φ = 113 φ = 79 φ 70 ψ = 252 ψ = 240 ψ GlcA3-β1,3- φ = 285 ψ = 249 φ = 267 ψ = 274 φ 295 ψ α1,3- φ = 72 ψ = 234 a Estimated from the energy functions in ref. 1. φ = 69 ψ = 192 φ 70 ψ Supplementary reference 1. Nivedha, A. K., Makeneni, S., Foley, B. L., Tessier, M. B. & Woods, R. J. Importance of ligand conformational energies in carohydrate docking: Sorting the wheat from the chaff. J. Comput. Chem. 35, (2014).
4 a Bgus Xylsa i + WT myd i i i i i i IIH6 Core α-dg Core α-dg c Bgus Xylsa Core α-dg IIH6 Laminin O/L VIA41 DHPRa2 Supplementary Figure 1. Raw scans of Western lots shown in Fig. 2. (a) Digestion of rait skeletal muscle α-dg with either β-glucuronidase (Bgus) or α-xylosidase (Xylsa), or oth enzymes simultaneously. The digestion product was analyzed y immunoloting with the indicated antiodies. () Digestion of wild-type mouse skeletal muscle α-dg with oth Bgus and Xylsa. The product, and Large myd mouse skeletal muscle α-dg, were analyzed y immunolotting. (c) Digestion of wild-type mouse skeletal muscle α-dg oth Bgus and Xylsa. The product was analyzed y immunoloting and y overlay with laminin-111. Immunolotting against the α2 suunit of the DHPR Ca 2+ channel was used for normalizing sample loading. The letter i indicates irrelevant samples.
5 Xyl4 Xyl4 GlcA3 GlcA3 Supplementary Figure 2. Stereoview of the electron density for the G6/7 ligand in crystal form C. Shown is an uniased (Fos,lig Fos,apo), αcalc,apo difference electron density map contoured at 2.0 σ. The group is located on a crystallographic dyad, resulting in 50% occupancy of the G6/7 ligand for each of the two symmetry-related inding sites. The ligand and its symmetry mate are shown in yellow and gray, respectively.
6 a c Xyl4 GlcA3 Supplementary Figure 3. Crystal forms C and I of laminin α2 LG4-5 ound to oligosaccharide G6/7. (a) Two-fold symmetry of the G6/7 inding site in space group C2221 (form C). One complex is shown in light lue (protein) and yellow (G6/7); its symmetry mate is in gray. Ca2+ ions are shown as pink spheres. The crystallographic dyad is indicated y a lack oval. The group is located on a crystallographic dyad, resulting in 50% occupancy of the G6/7 ligand for each of the two symmetryrelated inding sites. () Two-fold symmetry of the G6/7 inding site in space group I (form I, molecule B). The ligand occupancy is not constrained y the crystal symmetry. (c) Superposition of the G6/7 inding sites in crystal form C (light lue protein and yellow ligand) and crystal form I (light green protein and green ligand). The structures were superimposed using three conserved polypeptide stretches that form the Ca2+ inding site (residues , and ). The G6/7 sugar moeities eyond Xyl4 are not defined y the electron density in either crystal form and are presumed to e disordered.
7 a OD 490 LARGE product, (GlcA-Xyl) n Hyaluronic acid Laminin-111 (nm) β1,4 linkage in HA Ca 2+ C6 of HA GlcNAc D2873 R2803 A2807 D2808 Supplementary Figure 4. Lack of inding to hyaluronic acid. (a) Solid-phase assay comparing laminin-111 inding to the (GlcA-β1,3-Xyl-α1,3-) n polysaccharide synthesised y LARGE with laminin-111 inding to hyaluronic acid, a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan consisting of (GlcA-β1,3- GlcNAc-β1,4)- repeats. The data points represent means ± s.d. (n = 3). () Superposition of LARGEsynthesized G6/7 (yellow caron atoms) and the HA oligosaccharide from PDB entry 2JCQ (dark green caron atoms) at the Ca 2+ site of laminin α2 LG4 form C crystals. The central GlcA-GlcNAc repeat of the HA oligosaccharide was superimposed onto the Ca 2+ -coordinating GlcA-Xyl repeat of G6/7. Steric clashes < 3.0 Å are indicated y magenta dashed lines.
8 a GlcA5 Xyl4 GlcA G5 H3 H1 Xyl4 H1 H1 G5 alone G µm α2 LG4-5 G µm α2 LG4-5 1 H (ppm) Supplementary Figure 5. NMR spectra of pentasaccharide G5. (a) The chemical structure of G5. () 1D 1 H NMR spectra of 3.0 μm G5 acquired in Tris-d11 uffer containing 2.0 mm CaCl 2 and various concentrations of laminin α2 LG4-5, as indicated. When 1.9 μm α2 LG4-5 was added (lue spectrum), the peak intensity of Xyl4 H1 decreased more than that of H1, indicating that GlcA5- Xyl4-GlcA3 is the high affinity inding site. When this site was fully saturated y increasing α2 LG4-5 to 20.8 μm (red spectrum), the Xyl4 H1 peak disappeared, as expected, ut the aromatic peak H3 remained sharp and intense, indicating that the group is moile or not interacting with the protein even in the fully ound state.
9 a GlcA3 G3 c LG4-5 (µm) LG4-5 (µm) d H (ppm) 1 H (ppm) Bound Fraction K d = 3.7 ± 0.5 µm 2.0 mm Ca mm Ca 2+ K d > 500 µm Laminin α2 LG4-5 (µm) Supplementary Figure 6. NMR analysis of trisaccharide G3 inding to laminin α2 LG4-5. (a) The chemical structure of G3. () 1D 1 H NMR spectra of the anomeric region of 15 μm G3 acquired in a Tris-d11 uffer containing 2.0 mm CaCl 2 and various concentrations of laminin α2 LG4-5 as indicated. (c) 1D 1 H NMR spectra of the anomeric region of 15 μm G3 acquired in a Tris-d11 uffer containing 10 mm EDTA and various concentrations of laminin α2 LG4-5 as indicated. The anomeric peaks in B and C are laeled. (d) Determination of dissociation constants from the intensity changes of the anomeric peak of. The standard deviation from data fitting is reported.
10 a GlcA2 Xyl1 X2 Xyl1 c Xyl1 LG4-5 (µm) LG4-5 (µm) d H (ppm) 1 H (ppm) Bound Fraction K d = 47 ± 8 µm 2.0 mm Ca mm Ca 2+ K d > 5 mm Laminin α2 LG4-5 (µm) Supplementary Figure 7. NMR analysis of disaccharide X2 inding to laminin α2 LG4-5. (a) The chemical structure of X2. () 1D 1 H NMR spectra of the anomeric region of 8 μm X2 acquired in a Tris-d11 uffer containing 2.0 mm CaCl 2 and various concentrations of laminin α2 LG4-5 as indicated. (c) 1D 1 H NMR spectra of the anomeric region of 15 μm X2 acquired in a Tris-d11 uffer containing 10 mm EDTA and various concentrations of laminin α2 LG4-5 as indicated. The anomeric peaks in B and C are laeled. (d) Determination of dissociation constants from the intensity changes of the anomeric peak of Xyl1. The standard deviation from data fitting is reported.
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