Beatrice Beyer ISFOE 2014 Thessaloniki, Greece

Transcription

1 Beatrice Beyer ISFOE 2014 Thessaloniki, Greece

2 What? Graphene which is both highly conductive and transparent Large volume production Process safety Proof of concept for use as transparent electrode Why? Application scenarios require high quality graphene at low cost and large volume Both essential for R&D and industry Beatrice Beyer

3 1b. Larger area 4. Transfer & 'Patchwork' Large volume production 1a. Increased production volume Process development 2. Doping 3. Resource efficiency Process safety 6. Toxicity & particle exposure Proof of concept 7. Hydrophobic polymer foils 8. Integration in sensing & lighting 5. Process control Production tools & automation Cost concept, benchmarking & life cycle analysis Beatrice Beyer

4 PD Panel filters Photovoltaic Thin film lighting LCD Solar cells Flexible LCD Thin LEDs Inorganic electroluminescence EL signage touch screens PDP filters OLED Touch screen Electrochromic cells Smart windows ESD shielding Antistatic R Sh in Ω/sq GLADIATOR Beatrice Beyer

5 No serious alternative to ITO available (market share of 8 billion USD by 2015) Liquid crystal displays In 2015: 7 billion USD revenue for ITO is expected Cell phone sectors has the best potential to be penetrated by graphene OLED lighting & thin film photovoltaics European companies (Osram & Philips) have 40% of global lighting market 30% of material cost in OPV are due to ITO open for alternatives Touch-screen displays Predictions for a need of 7.7 million m 2 in 2015 Revenue of touch screen will increase to 32 billion USD by 2018 Flexible electronics >36 billion EUR till 2020 predicted, 30 billion EUR are relevant for graphene The future of ITO: Transparent Conductor and ITO Replacement Markets in NanoMarkets, Touch Panel Market Analysis in NPD Display Serach, Transparent Conductive Films for Flexible Electronics in IDTechEx reports, Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene for Electronics Applications in IDTechEx reports, Beatrice Beyer

6 Development of scalable process steps In situ optical monitoring Inline optical and electrical monitoring CVD growth Transfer step Doping step Transfer step Integration Graphene on metal catalyst Graphene on target substrate Beatrice Beyer

7 Increase in volume Reduction of synthesis tact time at high temperatures by Adjusting temperature Adjusting pressure Using rack Graphene synthesis Graphene nucleation Supersaturation of adsorbed carbon Equilibrium between graphene & adsorbed carbon atoms Beatrice Beyer

8 Increase in area homogeneity over large areas (300 mm diameter) during CVD synthesis Defect-free transfer of large areas ( mm 2 ) Increase of resource efficiency Reuse of metal catalyst (comparison of Cu and Pt) Evaluation of CVD synthesis parameters (pressure, temperature) Target: providing a cost model to realize production cost of 30 /m 2 Supported by life cycle analysis Beatrice Beyer

9 Improving the CVD growth process Growth of 100 mm graphene with coverage >95% reached Optimizing the transfer Electrochemical process by control of potential Carrier polymer-graphene interaction On rigid and flexible target subtrates Defect-free on 100 mm waferscale realized Target: (mm) 2 Gao et al. Nature Commun. 2012, DOI: /ncomms1702 Beatrice Beyer

10 Increasing the conductivity by doping Goal: R Sh < 10 Ω/sq. & T > 90% Reached: ~120 Ω/sq. & T > 90% (S-GDG) Beatrice Beyer

11 In situ monitoring Characterisation of optical properties Investigation during CVD synthesis Combination of Raman spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry Inline Characterisation of electrical properties After transfer on non-conducting target substrate by eddy current measurements I(a.u.) <? 1 (?)> D SiO 2/Si F2753 F2754 G Raman Shift (1/cm) <? 1 (?)> <? 2 (?)> Photon Energy (ev) G* 2D <? 2 (?)> Beatrice Beyer

12 Particle release First indications that particle release is low (lab environment) Evaluation in production environment will be performed Toxicity evaluation of rgo High volume of graphene powder necessary (>20 g) Evaluation of different surface areas (422 and 500 m 2 /g) So far no dramatic effect on cell viability and profileration Beatrice Beyer

13 Benchmarking of graphene with ITO OLED lighting Applying doped organic semiconductors as charge carrier transport layers Targets: Large area (>65 65 mm 2 ) grid-free device Smaller (15 20 mm 2 ), full-flexible and transparent (T>65%) device UV sensitive OPD sensor Using the UV transparent properties of graphene Beatrice Beyer

14 Fraunhofer COMEDD (Germany) Graphenea S.A. (Spain) Danmarks Tekniske Universiteit (Denmark) Horiba Jobin Yvon S.A.S. (France) AIXTRON SE (Germany) AIXTRON Ltd. (United Kingdom) Suragus GmbH (Germany) Commissariat à l energie atomique et aux energies alternatives (France) Amcor Flexibles Kreuzlingen AG (Switzerland) Amcor Flexibles Singen GmbH (Germany) Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifikation (Germany) Det National Forskningscenter Forarbejdsmiljo (Denmark) Aristotelio Panepistimio Thessalonikis (Greece) Organic Electronic Technologies (Greece) Amanuensis GmbH (Switzerland) Beatrice Beyer

15 Beatrice Beyer

16 GLADIATOR is a Large Integrated Project funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ ) under grant agreement n FP Project Officer: Dr. Marcin L. Sadowski, EC Project Coordinator: Dr. Beatrice Beyer, Fraunhofer COMEDD Website: info@graphene-gladiator.eu Beatrice Beyer