TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 RESEARCH SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY Report scope Market definition Categorization...

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1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 RESEARCH SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY Report scope Market definition Categorization Research methodology Assumptions and limitations Primary research Secondary research EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Growth in high definition TV demand QD advantages and definition of QLED QLEDs/QD-OLEDs Market growth since QD-TVs market The Quantum Dot market in Cadmium vs. cadmium free... 24

2 2.5.1 Cadmium QDs Cadmium-free QDs European commission ban use of cadmium in TVs and displays Perovskite quantum dots Graphene quantum dots Quantum Dot Revenues Market drivers and trends Market challenges QUANTUM DOTS Properties Synthesis Types Cadmium Selenide, Cadmium Sulfide and other materials Cadmium free quantum dots Graphene quantum dots Synthesis Applications... 36

3 Pricing Investment Carbon quantum dots (CQds) Properties Applications Quantum rods Properties Applications TECHNOLOGY READINESS LEVEL (TRL) QUANTUM DOTS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Quantum dots market dynamics Market growth accelerators and inhibitors Competitive analysis Market Share Analysis Opportunity Matrix Analysis Key players... 44

4 5.3.4 Licensing, collaborations and partnerships Supply chain QUANTUM DOTS REGULATIONS Europe Cadmium exemption in TVs and lighting August 2017 ruling United States Low Volume Exemption (LVE) New Chemicals Program Asia MARKET SEGMENT ANALYSIS, BY END USER MARKET Revenues Production and prices Market for quantum dots, by region The market in Asia The market in North America... 63

5 7.3.3 The market in Europe QUANTUM DOTS IN LCD TVS/DISPLAYS Market drivers and trends Applications LCDS vs. OLEDs vs. QD- LCDs/QLEDs QD-LCD TVs/QLEDs Micro- LEDs Augmented reality (AR) and Virtual reality (VR) Synthesis and manufacturing Integration into LCDs Types of QD displays and materials used On-edge (edge optic) On-surface (film) QD colour filter (QDF) On-chip Active Matrix Quantum-dot Light Emitting Diode (AMQLED) Quantum dot electroluminescence... 78

6 QD Glass LGP Quantum dot/oled hybrid Quantum rods Quantum converters with red phosphors Electroluminescent (EL)QD displays Flexible displays Inkjet printed QD displays Flexible LCDs Flexible OLEDs (FOLED) Flexible AMOLED Flexible electrophoretic displays Flexible QLEDs QD-LCD products Commercialization timeline for quantum dot display products Industry and research developments Global market for quantum dots in TVs and displays OLED market QD OLED screens... 93

7 8.6.3 QD-TV unit sales QD Monitor Unit sales Quantum dot TV and display companies QUANTUM DOTS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS Market drivers and trends Applications Nanomaterials in solar cells Advantages of quantum dots in photovoltaics Types of quantum dot solar cells Metal semiconductor/ Schottky QD junction solar cell Silicon/QD Film Hydrid Solar Cells Silicon/Graphene QD Film Hydrid Solar Cells Depleted-heterojunction QD solar cell QD-sensitized solar cells (QDSSC) Quantum dot solar windows Market challenges Industry and research developments

8 9.5 Global market for quantum dots in photovoltaics Quantum dot photovoltaics companies QUANTUM DOTS IN LED LIGHTING Market drivers and trends Applications LED lighting Horticultural lighting Market challenges Industry and research developments Global market for quantum dots in LED lighting Quantum dot lighting companies QUANTUM DOTS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE Market drivers and trends Applications Imaging and diagnostics Biomarkers

9 Photodynamic therapy Point-of-care Drug delivery Market challenges Global market for quantum dots in biotechnology and medicine Imaging and diagnostics Drug delivery Quantum dot biotechnology and medicine companies QUANTUM DOTS IN SECURITY AND ANTI- COUNTERFEITING Market drivers and trends Applications Global market size for quantum dots in security and anticounterfeiting Quantum dot security and anti-counterfeiting Companies QUANTUM DOTS IN SENSORS Market drivers and trends Applications

10 Food sensors Chemical and gas sensors Biosensors Image sensors Global market size for quantum dots in sensors Market challenges Quantum dot sensor companies OTHER MARKETS Batteries Thermoelectrics QD Lasers Photocatalysts Spectrometers Quantum computing Hydrogen production Sunscreen Composites

11 15 QUANTUM DOT COMPANY PROFILES (75 company profiles) 16 REFERENCES TABLES Table 1: Categorization of nanomaterials Table 2: Market summary for the quantum dots market Table 3: Commercially available quantum dot display products Table 4: Quantum dot TVs launched Table 5: Total QD-based component revenues ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates Table 6: Market drivers and trends for quantum dots Table 7: Impact of market drivers for the quantum dots market Table 8: Market challenges for quantum dots Table 9: Chemical synthesis of quantum dots Table 10: Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs Table 11: Applications of carbon quantum dots Table 12: Quantum dot producers-types of dots produced, target markets and estimated revenues Table 13: Quantum dots collaborations and partnerships Table 14: Product development agreements in quantum dot displays... 49

12 Table 15: Potential niche markets for QD products Table 16: Quantum dots market structure Table 17: Markets, benefits and applications of quantum dots Table 18: Total QD-based component revenues ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates Table 19: Production of quantum dots Table 20: Example prices of quantum dots Table 21: Market snapshot for quantum dots in TV/displays Table 22: Market drivers and trends for quantum dots in LCD TVs and Displays Table 23: Impact of market drivers for quantum dots in the LCD TVs/Displays market Table 24: Advantages and disadvantages of LCDs, OLEDs and QDs Table 25: Types of QD-TV displays Table 26: Approaches for integrating QDs into displays Table 27: Commercialization timeline for QD display products Table 28: Commercially available quantum dot display products Table 29: Commercial development and research highlights in quantum dots in LCDs and OLEDs Table 30: QD-TV unit sales , conservative and optimistic estimates Table 31: Quantum dots product and application developers in TVs and displays Table 32: Market snapshot for quantum dots in photovoltaics... 99

13 Table 33: Market drivers and trends in quantum dots in photovoltaics Table 34: Impact of market drivers for quantum dots in the photovoltaics market Table 35: Advantages of quantum dots in photovoltaics Table 36: Schottky QD Junction solar cells Table 37: Comparison of third generation solar cells Table 38: Market challenges rating for quantum dots in the solar market Table 39: Commercial development and research highlights in quantum dots in photovoltaics, Table 40: Total QD photovoltaic component revenues ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates Table 41: Quantum dots product and application developers in photovoltaics Table 42: Market snapshot for quantum dots in LED lighting Table 43: Market drivers and trends for quantum dots in LED lighting Table 44: Impact of market drivers for quantum dots in the LED lighting market Table 45: QD-LEDs and External quantum efficiencies (EQE) Table 46: Market challenges rating for quantum dots in the lighting and UVC market Table 47: Commercial development and research highlights in quantum dots in LED lighting Table 48: Total QD LED lighting component revenues ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates Table 49: Quantum dots product and application developers in lighting Table 50: Market snapshot for quantum dots in biotechnology and medicine market

14 Table 51: Market drivers and trends for quantum dots in biotechnology and medicine Table 52: Impact of market drivers for quantum dots in the biotech and medicine market Table 53: Market challenges in imaging and diagnostics Table 54: Market challenges rating for quantum dots in the medical imaging and diagnostics market Table 55: Total QD revenues in biotechnology and medicine ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates. 129 Table 56: Quantum dots product and application developers in biotechnology and medicine Table 57: Market snapshot for quantum dots in security and anticounterfeiting Table 58: Market drivers and trends for quantum dots in security and anticounterfeiting Table 59: Impact of market drivers for quantum dots in the security and anti-counterfeiting market Table 60: Total QD revenues in security and anti-counterfeiting ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates Table 61: Quantum dots product and application developers in security Table 62: Overall market assessment for the quantum dots in the sensors market Table 63: Market drivers and trends for quantum dots in sensors Table 64: Impact of market drivers for quantum dots in the sensors market Table 65: Quantum dot sensors and applications Table 66: Total QD revenues in sensors ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates Table 67: Market challenges rating for quantum dots in the sensors market

15 Table 68: Quantum dots product and application developers in sensors Table 69: Quantum dots product and application developers in batteries Table 70: Quantum dots product and application developers in thermoelectrics Table 71: Quantum dots product and application developers in lasers Table 72: End users markets matrix by quantum dot producer and product developers FIGURES Figure 1: QLED TV from Samsung Figure 2: 5 QLED prototype with 320x240 (80ppi) resolution and a 14 QLED prototype with 960x540 (80ppi) resolution Figure 3: Samsung QDs utilized in 2017 range of QLED TVs Figure 4: Philips 8602 QD TV Figure 5: UHD HDR cadmium QD TVs Figure 6: Perovskite quantum dots under UV light Figure 7: Total QD component revenues ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates Figure 8: Quantum dot schematic Figure 9: The light-blue curve represents a typical spectrum from a conventional white-led LCD TV. With quantum dots, the spectrum is tunable to any colours of red, green, and blue, and each Color is limited to a narrow band. 32 Figure 10: Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1 4)... 36

16 Figure 11: Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots Figure 12: Graphene quantum dots Figure 13: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for quantum dots Figure 14: Quantum dots market dynamics Figure 15: Accelerators and Inhibitors: Five Year Analysis (2023) Figure 16: Market share analysis by company type Figure 17: Global Quantum Dots Market Opportunity Matrix, by Region Figure 18: Global Quantum Dots Market Opportunity Matrix Analysis, by Country, by Value, Figure 19: Schematic of typical commercialization route for quantum dots producer Figure 20: Total QD component revenues ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates Figure 21: End user markets for QDs 2018, % Figure 22: End user markets for QDs 2030, % Figure 23: Demand for quantum dots 2017, by region Figure 24: Demand for quantum dots 2030, by region Figure 25: Samsung QD-LCD TVs, UHD range Figure 26: Samsung QLED TV range Figure 27: Quantum dot LED backlighting schematic Figure 28: Methods for integrating QDs into LCD System. (a) On-chip (b) On-edge. (c) Onsurface... 76

17 Figure 29: On-edge configuration Figure 30: QD-film integration into a standard LCD display Figure 31: Inkjet-printed pattern on a QDCF Figure 32: BOE 5 inch (left) & 14 inch (right) QLED display Figure 33: Samsung 8K 65" QD Glass Figure 34: Schematic of Quantum Dot on Glass Figure 35: QD/OLED hybrid schematic Figure 36: LCD using Quantum rods (right) versus a standard LCD Figure 37: Quantum phosphor schematic in LED TV backlight Figure 38: The Wall microled display Figure 39: Carbon nanotubes flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries incorporated into flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries Figure 40: Ink-jet printed 5-inch AM-QLED display (80 dpi) Figure 41: Flexible LCD Figure 42: "Full ActiveTM Flex" Figure 43: FOLED schematic Figure 44: Foldable display Figure 45: Stretchable AMOLED... 86

18 Figure 46: LGD 12.3'' FHD Automotive OLED Figure 47: LECTUM display Figure 48: Flexible & stretchable LEDs based on quantum dots Figure 49: Samsung CF791 QD monitor Figure 50: Acer Z271UV Quantum Dot monitor Figure 51: QD-TV unit sales , conservative estimates Figure 52: QD-TV unit sales , optimistic estimates Figure 53: QD Monitor Unit sales Figure 54: QD-LCD supply chain Figure 55: (a) Schematic of Schottky barrier quantum dots based solar cell Figure 56: (a) Schematic diagram of Depleted-heterojunction Colloidal Quantum Dots Solar Cells. (b) energy band diagram Figure 57: Schematic of QD Solar Cell Figure 58: Doped quantum dot LSC Figure 59: QD coated solar windows Figure 60: A layer of highly emissive manganese-doped quantum dots onto the outside surface of the outer glass pane (top layer on the left image below) and a layer of copper indium selenide quantum dots onto the inner surface of the inside (bottom) pane Figure 61: QDSSC Module Figure 62: Total QD photovoltaics component revenues ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates

19 Figure 63: Fourth generation QD- LEDs Figure 64: Total QD LED lighting component revenues ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates Figure 65: Total QD revenues in biotechnology and medicine revenues ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates Figure 66: Total QD revenues in in anti-counterfeiting and security ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates Figure 67: InVisage QuantumFilm schematic Figure 68: Total QD revenues in in sensors ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates Figure 69: StoreDot battery charger Figure 70: Schematic of QD laser device Figure 71: Quantum dot spectrometer Figure 72: InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination Figure 73: Quantum dot sheet

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Investment analysis Market impediment analysis EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY... 22 1.1 Investment analysis...... 22 1.2 Market impediment analysis... 24 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 27 2.1 Products...... 27 2.2 Production in 2017...... 29 2.3