TABLE 5 (CONTINUED) DESCRIPTION OF THE ALKOXIDE SOL-GEL PROCESS TABLE 6 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE CONVENTIONAL SOL-GEL

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1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION... 1 STUDY BACKGROUND... 1 STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES... 2 INTENDED AUDIENCE... 2 SCOPE AND FORMAT... 3 METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES... 3 ANALYST S CREDENTIALS... 3 RELATED BCC REPORTS... 4 BCC ON-LINE SERVICES... 4 DISCLAIMER... 5 CHAPTER TWO: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 6 SUMMARY TABLE U.S. AND WORLD MARKETS FOR SOL-GEL PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS)... 6 SUMMARY FIGURE U.S. AND WORLD MARKETS FOR SOL-GEL PRODUCTS, ($ MILLIONS)... 7 CHAPTER THREE: INDUSTRY AND MARKET OVERVIEW... 8 U.S. MARKET... 8 TABLE 1 FORECAST FOR THE U.S. SOL GEL MARKET BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS)... 9 FIGURE 1 U.S. SOL-GEL MARKET SHARES BY APPLICATION, (%)... 9 FIGURE 1 (CONTINUED) WORLD MARKET TABLE 2 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR THE SOL-GEL PRODUCTS MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 2 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE BY COUNTRY/REGION, 2011 AND 2017 (%) FIGURE 2 (CONTINUED) COMPETITION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT U.S. INDUSTRY STRUCTURE TABLE 3 U.S. COMPANIES INVOLVED IN SOL GEL TABLE 3 (CONTINUED) U.S. INDUSTRY STRUCTURE (CONTINUED) CHAPTER FOUR: TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW HISTORY HISTORY (CONTINUED) TABLE 4 CHRONOLOGICAL HIGHLIGHTS OF SOL-GEL PRODUCTS TABLE 4 (CONTINUED) TABLE 5 SELECTED COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS AND APPLICATIONS... 21

2 TABLE 5 (CONTINUED) DESCRIPTION OF THE ALKOXIDE SOL-GEL PROCESS TABLE 6 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE CONVENTIONAL SOL-GEL PROCESS ADVANTAGES Lower Processing Temperatures Lower Costs Doping TABLE 7 DOPANTS AND RESULTANT PROPERTIES TABLE 7 (CONTINUED) DISADVANTAGES Long Processing Times Preferential Hydrolysis Cracking Precursors Precursors (Continued) TABLE 8 CHEMAT TECHNOLOGY S SOLUBLE POLYMERIC METAL ORGANIC OXOALKOXIDE PRECURSORS Additives THE AQUEOUS SOL-GEL PROCESS THE CONVENTIONAL METHOD Applications OTHER METHODS FIGURE 3 PROCESS FOR WATER-BASED ZIRCONIA SOLS END PRODUCTS FIGURE 4 GENERIC FLOWCHART OF THE SOL-GEL PROCESS TABLE 9 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOL-GEL PRODUCTS POROUS SOLIDS POWDERS TABLE 10 POWDER PRECURSORS AND RESULTANT COMPOSITIONS TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) Oxide Powders FIGURE 5 FLOW CHART FOR THE FLAKE MANUFACTURING PROCESS Oxide Powders (Continued) Pigments FIGURE 6 FLOWCHART FOR MAKING VANADIUM-BASED PIGMENTS FIGURE 7 PROCESS FOR MAKING PINK PIGMENTS FIGURE 8 PROCESS FOR MAKING YELLOW/GREEN PIGMENTS Nonoxide Powders Nonoxide Powders (Continued)... 47

3 COATINGS AND THIN FILMS TABLE 11 COATING PRECURSORS AND RESULTANT COMPOSITIONS TABLE 11 (CONTINUED) Application Methods Dip Coating FIGURE 9 SCHEMATIC OF DIP COATING Spin Coating FIGURE 10 SCHEMATIC OF SPIN COATING Meniscus Coating FIGURE 11 SCHEMATIC OF MENISCUS COATING TABLE 12 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SOL-GEL COATING METHODS Other Methods Thick Coatings TABLE 13 PROCESSES FOR MAKING THICK COATINGS Heat Treatments TABLE 14 COMPARISON OF COATING METHODS Process Parameters Dense Coatings TABLE 15 COATING THICKNESSES FOR A VARIETY OF COATINGS FIGURE 12 SCHEMATIC OF LIQUID PHASE DEPOSITION Porous Coatings Coatings for Plastics Applications TABLE 16 APPLICATIONS OF SOL-GEL FILMS AND COATINGS TABLE 16 (CONTINUED) GLASS TABLE 17 APPLICATIONS OF SOL-GEL GLASSES Silica Type V Silica Type VI Silica Doped Silica Silicates Nonsilicates Nonsilicates (Continued) MONOLITHS Aerogels TABLE 18 TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF AEROGELS TABLE 19 APPLICATIONS OF AEROGELS Silica Silica Nanocomposites Other Oxides Carbon Aerogels... 73

4 TABLE 20 TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF STANDARD AEROGEL PRODUCTS Controlling Properties Limitations Xerogels Controlling Properties Silicate and Ceramic Foams Colloidal Inks that Form Self-Supporting Scaffolds through Robocasting Hydrogel Nanoparticles for Optically Tunable Photonic Crystals Monolithic Dry Gels Produced Using Sol-Gel Technology FIBERS Compositions FIGURE 13 PROCESS FOR MAKING 3M CERAMIC FIBERS TABLE 21 COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF COMMERCIAL REINFORCING FIBERS Compositions (Continued) Properties COMPOSITES FIGURE 14 COMPOSITE PROCESS INCORPORATING DIFFERENT FABRICS AND MATRICES FIGURE 15 FLOWCHART FOR MAKING FIBER LAMINATE COMPOSITES Control of Microstructure TABLE 22 TAILORED COMPOSITES USING SOL GEL TABLE 22 (CONTINUED) TABLE 23 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOL-GEL COMPOSITES Interfacial Coatings TABLE 24 SOL-GEL COATINGS FOR FIBERS Infiltration for Densification TABLE 25 TYPICAL COMPOSITE PROPERTIES MADE FROM FREEZE GELATION Glass Matrix Ceramic Matrix Nanocomposites Nanocomposites (Continued) ORGANIC/INORGANIC HYBRIDS Ormosils Ormacers Hybrid Systems TABLE 26 ORGANIC/INORGANIC MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PROPERTIES TABLE 26 (CONTINUED)... 99

5 Control of Properties Other Methods Other Methods (Continued) A New Sol-Gel Route to Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials CHAPTER FIVE: APPLICATIONS AND MARKETS OPTICAL/OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS TABLE 27 OPTICAL AND OPTO-ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS AND APPLICATIONS FIGURE 16 SCHEMATIC OF THE EMBOSSING PROCESS COATINGS Antireflection/Solar Reflective Coatings Automotive Lasers Solar Collectors and Solar Cells FIGURE 17 SCHEMATIC OF TITANIA SOLAR CELL Transparent Electronic Conducting Coatings Transparent Electronic (Continued) Flat Panel Displays TABLE 28 PROPERTIES OF NHC SERIES FOR PROTECTION OF ELECTRODES Electrochromic Coatings for Smart Windows CHEMICAL SENSORS Chemical Sensors (Continued) Chemical Sensors (Continued) ph Sensors Metal Ion Sensors Spectroelectrochemical Sensor Biosensors Spectroelectrochemical Sensor (Continued) SOLID-STATE DYE LASERS TABLE 29 SUMMARY OF SOL-GEL LASER SYSTEMS HIGH-POWER LASERS NANOMETER-RANGE MEDIA FOR POWDER LASERS OPTICAL FIBERS AND DEVICES Optical Fiber Overcladding FIGURE 18 SCHEMATIC FOR MAKING OPTICAL FIBER Waveguides Fiber Amplifiers Other Developments in Optical Fibers and Devices Simax s Boron Doped Silica Material Reduces Panda Fiber Cost Chemical Solution Gelation/Deposition for Optical Fibers and Devices

6 PHASIC Technology for Integrated Optics Integrated Sol-Gel Fiber-Optic Sensors LUMINESCENT LIGHT/POWER SOURCES Fluorescent Lighting Carbon-activated Phosphors Phosphors for Flat and Plasma Displays Phosphors for Flat (Continued) FIGURE 19 FLOW DIAGRAM FOR SRAL2O4: EU, DY VIA SOL GEL GRADIENT INDEX LENSES (GRINS) TABLE 30 COMPARISON OF GRIN PROCESSING METHODS OPTICAL MARKETS ELECTRONIC/ELECTRO-OPTIC APPLICATIONS FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS Applications TABLE 31 MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS FOR FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS TABLE 31 (CONTINUED) Deposition Methods Other Compositions FIGURE 20 FLOWCHART OF SBT FILM PROCESS Thick Films DIELECTRIC THIN FILMS ELECTRONIC POWDERS/COMPONENTS Electronic Powders/Components (Continued) FIGURE 21 METHOD FOR MAKING ZNO POWDERS CAPACITORS SUBSTRATES PACKAGES AND DEVICES MAGNETICS SUPERCONDUCTORS Powders Thin and Thick Films ELECTRODES AND BATTERIES Membranes for Batteries NASICON Thin Films for Batteries Aerogels ELECTRONIC MARKETS STRUCTURAL/HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS ABRASIVES M s Cubitron FIGURE 22 SCHEMATIC OF CUBITRON 321 PROCESS TABLE 32 COMPARISON OF ABRASIVE PROPERTIES St. Gobain TABLE 33 ADVANTAGES OF SG WHEELS

7 Other Abrasives PROTECTIVE COATINGS Protective Coatings (Continued) Protective Coatings (Continued) FIGURE 23 PROCESS FOR MAKING SILICA-TITANIA FILMS Other Developments Sol-Gel Techniques Help to Form Hybrid Glass Coatings Sol-Gel Route for the Protection of Carbon in Hot Oxidizing Atmosphere High Temperature Insulation of Wires and Thermocouples Pink Colored Film for Automobile Windows Using Sol-Gel Process Sol Gel-Derived Abrasion Resistant Coatings with a Long Shelf Life Abrasion-Resistant Optical Coatings THERMAL INSULATION Aerogel Windows Lumira Insulation Flexible Aerogel Blanket Cyrogenic Insulation Solar Collectors TABLE 34 ANNUAL PERFORMANCE OF FLAT SOLAR COLLECTORS Replacement for CFC Insulating Foams REFRACTORY/HIGH TEMPERATURE Fibers TABLE 35 PROPERTIES OF NEXTEL FIBERS TABLE 36 APPLICATIONS AND MARKETS FOR NEXTEL FIBERS Heat Exchangers and Related Applications TABLE 37 STRENGTH OF TECHNIWEAVE COMPOSITES BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS DENTAL SEALANTS AND FILLERS BIOACTIVE GLASSES TABLE 38 APPLICATIONS OF BIOACTIVE GLASSES AND GLASS- CERAMICS Bioactive Glasses (Continued) Bioactive Phosphates Encapsulation of Living Cells Encapsulation of (Continued) Micro-encapsulation and Delivery COSMETIC APPLICATIONS CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS CATALYSTS

8 Catalysts (Continued) Catalysts (Continued) TABLE 39 MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS FOR CATALYSTS NUCLEAR APPLICATIONS SEPARATION MEMBRANES AND FILTERS TABLE 40 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC MEMBRANES Separation Membranes (Continued) FIGURE 24 PROCESS FLOWCHARTS FOR MAKING SOL-GEL MEMBRANES Separation Membranes (Continued) Separation Membranes (Continued) OTHER APPLICATIONS DECORATIVE COATINGS TABLE 41 COMPARISON OF DECORATIVE COATINGS INK JET FILM FOR TRANSPARENCIES SOL-GEL COATINGS FOR ART CONSERVATION Sol-Gel Coatings for (Continued) CHAPTER SIX: OVERALL U.S. MARKETS OPTICAL APPLICATIONS TABLE 42 FORECAST FOR THE U.S. OPTICAL APPLICATIONS MARKET, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS TABLE 43 U.S. MARKETS FOR SOL-GEL IN ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS TABLE 44 FORECAST FOR THE U.S. STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS MARKET, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS TABLE 45 FORECAST FOR THE U.S. FOR CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS MARKET, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS TABLE 46 FORECAST FOR THE U.S. BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS MARKET, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER SEVEN: FOREIGN COMPETITION FOREIGN COMPETITION JAPAN TABLE 47 SOL-GEL PRODUCTS COMMERCIALIZED IN JAPAN EUROPE EUROPE (CONTINUED) WORLD MARKETS TABLE 48 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR THE SOL-GEL PRODUCTS MARKET, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS)

9 APPENDIX PROFILES OF SELECTED COMPANIES INVOLVED IN SOL-GEL TECHNOLOGIES AND PRODUCTS AJJER, LLC ALBANY INTERNATIONAL TECHNIWEAVE, INC ASPEN AEROGELS, INC CABOT CORPORATION CALIFORNIA HARDCOATING CO CERAMEM CORPORATION CHEMAT TECHNOLOGY, INC CLEVELAND CRYSTALS, INC COOPER BUSSMAN CORNING, INC DOW CORNING CORP EASTMAN KODAK E.I. DUPONT DE NEMOURS & CO., INC FORD MOTOR CO FUEL CELL ENERGY GELEST, INC HYBRID GLASS TECHNOLOGIES LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY LIGHT PATH TECHNOLOGIES INC MAGNA INTERNATIONAL INC MARKETECH INTERNATIONAL INC MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR MATECH MATERIALS MODIFICATION INC NANOPORE INCORPORATED NEO MATERIAL TECHNOLOGIES OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY OCEAN OPTICS PHYSICAL OPTICS CORPORATION PPG INDUSTRIES, INC QUANTUM DOT CORPORATION RATH INC READE ADVANCED MATERIALS SAINT GOBAIN ABRASIVES, INC SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES (SNL) SOL-GEL TECHNOLOGIES LTD SOLGENE THERAPUETICS, LLC TAASI CORPORATION M COMPANY TPL, INC

10 YTC AMERICA, INC