Supplementary Figures

Transcription

1 Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure1.In this diagram, we add the melanin granules (melanosomes, black dots), which are strategically located in the Perinuclear space, between the cell nucleus membrane and rough endoplasmic reticle; forming a wrapper-like structure around the cell nucleus. Supplementary Figure 2.This figure depicts the increasing sphere of molecular hydrogen (H 2 -gas-) in silver color (yellow arrow) from a single melanosome.

2 Supplementary Figure 3. The increasing sphere of molecular hydrogen, transporting energy; It follows the laws of simple diffusion, so it is directed from the zone of greater concentration to the zone of lower concentration. The representation is schematic, because it is not a single sphere, but small spheres that the all the melanin granules generates. Because hydrogen is the smallest and lightest element, it crosses any membrane and tends to occupy all the space around it. Supplementary Figure 4.Lateral view that allows to appreciate the way in which the molecular hydrogen-gasis generated by a melanosome. Molecular hydrogen easily crosses any biological membrane, in addition to not combining with water, only moves through it following the laws of simple diffusion.

3 Supplementary Figure 5. This side view allows to appreciate how the hydrogen bubble (H 2 ) extends in all directions reached even the nucleolus, where it forms a zone of high energy when coalescing with the other spheres of energy coming from further melanosomes. Supplementary Figure 6. The intracellular disposition of the rough endoplasmic reticulum allows it to capture a large amount of molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) and therefore of energy; as rough endoplasmic reticulum envelops almost completely the cell nucleus.

4 Supplementary Figure 7.In this view, the displacement of the molecular hydrogen that permeates through the cellular structures, with its valuable energy load and marked reducing power, is appreciated. During their journey the different organelles and biochemical processes of the cytoplasm, capture this element and use it in diverse ways, for example: to promote the processes that together make up life. Supplementary Figure 8.In this view, it is observed that molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) tends to rise since it is the lightest gas, and in solution moves faster than ions. But it still crosses the cell membrane of the nucleus reaching the nucleolus.

5 Supplementary Figure 9.In this scheme, the gas bubble, is now colored silver to signify that its molecular hydrogen content is now less than at first, as hydrogen is avidly captured by the different organelles and biochemical processes found at its way. Supplementary Figure 10.As molecular hydrogen continues to move through the inside of the cell, it eventually reaches even the cellular membrane, which also provides energy and a powerful antioxidant effect.

6 Supplementary Figure 11.Superior view of the displacement of the molecular hydrogen bubble to the inside of the cell. The representation of the energy sphere represents the contribution of a single melanosome and is discreetly skewed upward, since molecular hydrogen is the lightest gas and tends to rise. Supplementary Figure12. In this front view of the scheme, we have added the melanosomes (black dots), located in the Perinuclear space. Remember that they form a wrapper-like structure around the nucleus. Supplementary Figure 13.In this scheme we now represent the growing spheres of molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) and therefore of energy (arrows), which would correspond to three melanosomes.

7 Supplementary Figure 14.In this diagram, we are representing the growing spheres of energy as light blue spheres, we are only representing 3 spheres, but, each granule of Melanin (black dots) releases energy in the same way. Supplementary Figure 15.Lateral view that allows to appreciate the displacement of the molecular hydrogen spheres, resulting from the dissociation of the water molecule by melanin; Which, by following the laws of simple diffusion, tend to spread throughout the space that surrounds them; transporting its valuable energy load and its powerful reducing effect.

8 Supplementary Figure 16.In this side view, the growing spheres of energy, in color blue metal; are better appreciated. Since molecular hydrogen (H2) is the smallest element, it easily crosses any membrane, any barrier. Supplementary Figure 17.In this lateral view, we can appreciate the granules of melanin (black dots) surrounding the cell nucleus. Its strategic location in the Perinuclear space, which is limited in its inner part by the cell membrane of the nucleus and on its outer part by the rough endoplasmic reticulum; it allows us to illustrate how the growing spheres of energy constitute the source of energy of both the nucleus and the rough endoplasmic reticulum, as both organelles contain neither mitochondria nor ATP. For the purposes of clarity, only 3 growing spheres of energy were represented (blue metal), but in fact each granule of melanin generates its own spheres.

9 Supplementary Figure 18.Another view of the growing spheres of energy that originate in the Melanosomes (black dots). Supplementary Figure 19.As the spheres of molecular hydrogen grow, extending through all the space around them, they distribute their valuable energy load. Energy spheres can form high energy areas, for example, when coalesce inside the cell nucleus.

10 Supplementary Figure20.Third-dimension view of the molecular hydrogen bubbles when they merge between them. Supplementary Figure21.Another perspective regarding the aspect that shows the molecular hydrogen bubbles to the coalesce.

11 Supplementary Figure22.Frontal view of three molecular hydrogen bubbles generated by the dissociation of the water, the scheme is only representing the bubbles coming from three melanosomes. Supplementary Figure23.Frontal view of a large bubble formed by the fusion of the different molecular hydrogen bubbles from the dissociation of water made by different melanosomes.

12 Supplementary Figure24.Lateral view of a large molecular hydrogen bubble formed by the fusion of several spheres from various melanosomes. Supplementary Figure25.A superior view that represents the gradual growth of the increasing energy spheres transported by molecular hydrogen, from the dissociation of the water molecule, by the melanosomes; And that by extending, following the laws of simple diffusion, they tend to merge into a large sphere.

13 Supplementary Figure26.The drawing represents a frontal view of a large bubble or growing sphere, which has been formed from the perinuclear space, which is the main location of the melanosomes, and that by extending practically without barriers, due to the small size of the molecular hydrogen (H 2 ), it ends up reaching the cell membrane. The change in coloration of the sphere represents the lowest concentration of molecular hydrogen, due to, as it moves through the interior of the cell, it is captured by the different organelles and biochemical processes located in the cell cytoplasm. Supplementary Figure27.Side view of the great "final" bubble with a lower concentration of H 2 than at the beginning, because the different organelles and biochemical processes use it in several ways, for example: to promote the different and numerous biochemical reactions and even to keep the shape.

14 Supplementary Figure28.Lateral and superior view that exemplifies that hydrogen can permeate any structure and reach even the outside of the cell, although in very small concentrations, because, as it moves along the cytoplasm, is captured and used in many ways. Supplementary Figure29.The scheme represents the disposition of the melanosomes (black dots) around the cell nucleus, in the perinuclear space; from where the energy bubbles (arrow) of each melanosome, it extends symmetrically, in all directions, feeding the complex and not well understood processes which, as a whole; they make up what we call life.

15 Supplementary Figure30.The process of generation and distribution of energy, starting from the dissociation of the water molecule, by the melanosomes (melanin); it's amazingly accurate as it has been since the beginning of time. It is not possible to say that light, water or melanin have evolved. What has evolved is life itself by patiently developing over eons of years, scaffolding that allows optimum utilization of chemical energy, in the form of molecular hydrogen and high-energy electrons; that come from the melanin, result of the dissociation and re-formed of the water. Supplementary Figure31.An ultrasound study showed V1 of 71.3 cm/s, and a PG1 = 2.0 mm Hg, values in portal vein.

16 Supplementary Figure32.At portalvein, the values were: V1= 30.8 cm/s, and PG1=0.4 mm Hg.