General A&P Cell Labs - Cellular Anatomy & Division (Mitosis) Pre-Lab Guide

Transcription

1 1 General A&P Cell Labs - Cellular Anatomy & Division (Mitosis) Pre-Lab AWalk-About@ Guide Have someone in your group read the following out loud, while the others read along: In this "Walk About", we will be looking at cellular anatomy & cellular division (mitosis). This should be done before lab, so we don't waste time in lab! This guide should only be attempted after reading the correct sections in either the lab or lecture book, or watching any videos that have been assigned.. The Steps found in this first "Walk About Guide" do NOT have to be done in the order they are found. However, please do all the questions within a step before moving on to another step!

2 2 Step 1. Review Key Concepts from the book and videos #1 Have someone in your group read this, while the others follow along: Introductory Paragraph: All cells have 3 main regions (see image below): Nucleus Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm (includes organelles) We can talk about the inside & outside of the cell (see image below): Intracellular Matrix= fluid inside cell, (by convention, "down" on the images - see below image) Extracellular Matrix = fluid outside of cell. (by convention, "up" on the images - see below image)

3 3 Q1. Below is a photo of a cell model, a photo of a cell slide, and a crude drawing of a cell. Label the 3 main regions of most cells on all 3: Q2. What can you see on the photo of the cell model that you cannot see on the other 2 images? (HINT: they are being circled)

4 4 #2 If your instructor is not having you know any Plasma Membrane Structures, skip this! Each instructor demands different Plasma Membrane structures. Identify which terms you have to know, and write them in this blank: Your lab book has a section entitled something similar to "Examining the Plasma Membrane" or "Identifying the Components of the Plasma Membrane". There will be a diagram similar to the one below. Q2. Make a list of the parts of the plasma membrane your instructor wants you to know: Q3. Label the diagram with the terms you need to know: Q4. On the image, mark where you would find the following: Cytoplasm Intracellular fluid

5 #3 Organelle Background. Have someone in your group read this, while the others follow along: Introductory Paragraph: 5 We first need to identify what the instructor wants the students to know regarding the organelles. Fill out the summary table below, making sure that it only includes what the instructor is holding the group responsible for on the exam. The table divides the organelles into 4 categories. For each category, the 1st organelle in that category is named, in order to give the student a push in the right direction. For example, the first "Non-membranous Cytoplasmic Organelle" is a ribosome. For each category, there are several spaces. However, not all need to be filled out; the number you fill out depends on how many your instructor wants you to know. If there are not enough spaces, use a separate piece of paper. There is an example summary table in "Appendix 1" at the end of this document, with some common examples. However, do not simply copy that table. Use it as a guide only. Organelle Function - Summary Table Classification & Name Function Special Features Non-Membranous Cytoplasmic Organelles Ribosomes More on next page

6 6 Organelle Function - Summary Table (continued) Classification & Name Function Special Features Membrane-bound Cytoplasmic Organelles Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum More on next page

7 7 Organelle Function - Summary Table (continued) Classification & Name Function Special Features Plasma Membrane Special Structures Villus Nuclear Structures Nuclear Envelope

8 8 Q5. Identify the Organelles on an image. Now, label this diagram using those terms found on the summary table. INCLUDE the terms "cytoplasm" and "extracellular matrix". If there are some organelles you aren't able to identify on the image, write down their names in the space below. Don't worry... there are some you cannot ID on this image. Organelles not seen, or unable to ID:

9 9 Cell Pre-lab APPENDIX 1 Organelle Function - Summary Table Classification & Name Function Special Features/Info Non-Membranous Cytoplasmic Organelles Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Centrioles Perform translation (protein synthesis in the cytoplasm). Series of proteins tubules that give cell shape, and hold organelles in place. Protein tubules that have a special role in mitosis. Ribosomes are proteins, made in the nucleus. Attach to anchor proteins embedded in the plasma membrane. Also help form cilia & flagellum. Basal body of cilia and flagellum is a modified centriole. Centrioles make the spindle fibers during mitosis. Membrane-bound Cytoplasmic Organelles Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Golgi Mitochondria Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) Produce proteins for export, and modify them (this modification can be several things, all of which get them ready to function!) Package proteins for export, and further modify proteins. Produce ATP. Site of "AEROIC RESPIRATION". Break down toxins, produce lipid-based molecules RERs have ribosomes attached, which perform synthesis of proteins for (mostly) transport out of cell. RER places them in its cisternae (inner branching chambers). Places proteins in Secretory Vesicles, for ex[port out of cell. Contain inner membrane with shelf-like structures called cristae. Studded with enzymes that perform aerobic respiration. Continuous with RER; simply has no ribosomes attached (see below). Liver, testes, small intestines: Roles vary. More on next page

10 10 Organelle Function - Summary Table (continued) Classification & Name Function Special Features/Info Lysosomes Peroxisome Plasma Membrane Special Structures Villus (Villi) Cilia Nuclear Structures Nuclear envelope, with pores Chromatin Nucleolus (Nucleoli) Digestive vesicles. Contain hydrolytic enzymes. Digestive vesicles. Oxidative enzymes. Increase surface area of the boundary (plasma membrane) Move substances past the cell's surface, among other things. Allow controlled movement in and out of nucleus Contains the genetic information Site of active protein synthesis Fuses with Phagosome. Contain oxidative enzymes. They do not move! (see below for comparison) They Move! Double Membrane! Do not call it the "nuclear membrane"! Composed of DNA & proteins. Often more than 1 in the nucleus