Warm Up. What are some examples of living things? Describe the characteristics of living things
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1 Warm Up What are some examples of living things? Describe the characteristics of living things
2 Objectives Identify the levels of biological organization and explain their relationships Describe cell structure and its significance in biotechnology research and product development Discuss the types of organisms researched and the types of cells grown and studied in biotechnology facilities plus the products with which they are associated Distinguish between the cellular organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
3 Organisms and Their Components To manufacture biotechnology products, scientists must work with organisms and their components. These are the raw materials of biotechnology.
4 Examples of Raw Materials Molecule: Antibody used to treat patients with diseases Cell: Escherichia coli (E. coli) Multicellular organisms: Frost resistant strawberry plants Increase genetic diversity of endangered animals
5 Working in any area of biotechnology requires Understanding of the characteristics of life Structures that compose organisms
6 Example: Developing pesticide resistant soybean plant Understand normal soybean growth and factors that influence it Recognize normal stem, root, and flower development in soybeans Understand chemical structure of pesticide molecules and how these will interact with the cells and tissues Development of antibiotics (Medical application) Understand the behavior of the microorganism Recognize the chemical structure of antibiotic Interaction of antibiotic with receptors on microorganism
7 Content Knowledge Minimum requirement: Basic biochemistry Chemistry of living things Cytology Cell biology Anatomy Structure Physiology Function
8 The Living Condition Living things include: Plants Animals Bacteria Fungi Protozoans Popular research organisms used in Biotech: Soy beans, cotton, fruit flies, worms, cows, chicks, zebrafish, mice, rats, yeast and bacteria
9 The Living Condition Characteristics of life: Growth Reproduction Response to stimuli Breakdown of food molecules (respiration) Production of waste products
10 Levels of Biological Organization Unicellular Organism Organism composed of only ONE cell Example: Bacteria, algae, protozoans Use a microscope to view unicellular organism Biotech application: E.coli used in geneticengineering experiments
11 Levels of Biological Organization Multicellular Organisms Cells of multicellular organisms are grouped into functional units: Tissues are group of cells that function together (e.g. Muscular or nervous tissue) Organs are tissues that act together to form a specific function in an organism (e.g. liver and stomach)
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13 Levels of Biological Organization Atoms are the smallest unit of matter Atoms make up molecules Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids Molecules are the building block of cells Cells function in groups called tissues Tissues function together in organs Organs make up the organ systems Organ systems work together in multicellular organism
14 Cells Smallest units of life Contain smaller, nonliving units known as organelles Cannot exist outside the cell Specialized microscopic factories with specific jobs Example: Mitochondrion create energy for the cell Composed of molecules and atoms (building blocks) Too small to be seen with a conventional microscope
15 In a cell Different kinds of molecules are produced Sugars Starches Proteins Nucleic acids Lipids Function of these molecules include: Regulation of cell activity Storage Transportation Many of these are part of the structure of organelles. Proteins are the most common molecules of cells. Example: Insulin from pancreas cells, growth hormone from pituitary cells
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18 What are model organisms? Biology is similar is most organisms Fit for laboratory study Grow Quickly Short Life cycles Small Mammalian- cell division, organ systems, and immune response Non-Mammalian- genome resources The reason we can use these diverse organisms is because of their similarities with animals.
19 Activity: Popular research organisms used in biotechnology/biomedical research Background: Popular model organisms have strong advantages for experimental research, and become even more useful when other scientists have already worked on them, discovering techniques, genes and other useful information
20 Activity: Popular research organism used in biotechnology/biomedical research Instruction: Each individual will be required to research on a model organism You will be required to present and teach the class about your selected model organism.
21 Activity: Popular research organism used in Biotechnology/Biomedical Research List of model organism: Fruit fly (Drosopila) Escherichia coli (E. coli) Mouse Rat Zebrafish Chicken Nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) Yeast
22 Activity: Popular research organism used in Biotechnology/Biomedical Research Discuss: Background information Types of biotech/biomedical research performed using the organism Provide one or more specific example Reasons on why the model organism is chosen for that particular type of research
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