Biology Unit 1 Warm Ups. Mrs. Hilliard

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1 Biology Unit 1 Warm Ups Mrs. Hilliard

2 Communication in Science Choose one of the three topics to write a detailed procedure for. 1. How to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. 2. How to brush your teeth. 3. How to get completely dressed in the morning.

3 Vocabulary 1 1. Molecule 2. Cell 3. Tissue 4. Organ 5. Organ system 6. Organism 7. Population 8. Community 9. Ecosystem 10.Biosphere- the total of all ecosystems, all areas of earth where we find living things.

4 Vocabulary 1 1. Molecule-groups of atoms, nonliving particles that are the building blocks of life. 2. Cell-smallest living thing. It is composed of molecules and makes up tissues. 3. Tissue- group of cells with a common function. 4. Organ-made up of tissues, ex: heart, liver, lungs, Skin, etc. 5. Organ system-group of organs that do a particular job (cardiovascular system, digestive system, nervous system, Etc. 6. Organism-a single living thing. 7. Population- a group of the same species of organism in an area. (all the deer in an area) 8. Community- all the populations in an area. (all deer, rabbits, people, etc) 9. Ecosystem all the living and nonliving things in an area. (Rocks, water, deer, rabbits, people, etc) 10. Biosphere- the total of all ecosystems, all areas of earth where we find living things.

5 Vocabulary 2 1. Virus 2. Common Ancestor- the most recent individual from which all organisms in a group are directly descended. 3. Prokaryote 4. Eukaryote 5. Autotroph 6. Heterotroph 7. Archaebacteria- prokaryotes(bacteria) that live in extreme environments, cell wall without peptidoglycan. 8. Eubacteria- true bacteria, prokaryotes that have a cell wall of peptidoglycan. 9. Fungi- Mostly multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs, cell wall of chitin (ex: mushrooms, yeast, mold) 10. Animalia- Multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs, no cell wall (animals). 11. Plantae- Multicellular, eukaryotic autotrophs, cell wall of cellulose (plants). 12. Protista-Mostly unicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophs or heterotrophs, found in water (ex: amoeba, paramecium, algae)

6 Life 1. What is the smallest unit capable of all life processes? a. molecule b. cell c. atom d. organelle 2. Is a virus alive? No, it does not contain cells and cannot reproduce on its own 3. What does a virus contain that it injects into a cell? a. DNA or RNA b. hormones c. proteins d. cells

7 Viruses 4. What is a virus made of? Genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat 5. What do all cells have but viruses do not? a. genetic material b. a cell membrane c. a protein coat d. a capsid 6. Which statement explains why viruses cannot reproduce on their own? a. Viruses lack the machinery needed to make copies of their genetic information. b. Viruses do not have spindle fibers to attach and align chromosomes for division. c. Viruses are too small to make copies of themselves on their own. d. Viruses cannot function at temperatures other than 98.6 F.

8 Viruses continued 7. A pepper plant in the greenhouse was found to be infected with pepper mild mottle virus. A few weeks later several other nearby plants were also infected with the virus. Which is the best description of how the virus reproduced? a. The virus immediately killed the host pepper plant and then was able to reproduce. b. The virus produced seeds in the pepper. c. The virus made its own spores. d. The virus used the host plant s cells to reproduce. 8. Would a doctor prescribe antibiotics if you had a cold (virus), the flu (influenza), or chicken pox? No, these are all viruses and antibiotics (anti-living) kill only living things. Viruses are not alive and can not be killed.

9 Classification Bony Fishes Amphibians Reptiles Mammals Four Legs Amniotic Egg Hair 9. Which group are mammals least closely related to? 10. With which group do mammals share the most common recent ancestor?

10 Classification 11. Where would a plant with multicellular reproductive structures but not seeds be placed on this cladogram? Bryophyta Pterophyta Coniferophyta Anthrophyta Seeds Flowers Ancestors of land plants Multicellular reproductive structure Sporophyte dominant Gametophyte independent of sporophyte Vascular Tissue Waxy cuticle Stomatal pores

11 Classification 12. Draw this cladogram: Jaws Lungs Claws Fur Hagfish Absent Absent Absent Absent Chimp Present Present Present Present Salamander Present Present Absent Absent Mouse Present Present Present Present Perch Present Absent Absent Absent

12 Classification 12. Draw this cladogram: Jaws Lungs Claws Fur Hagfish Absent Absent Absent Absent Chimp Present Present Present Present Salamander Present Present Absent Absent Mouse Present Present Present Present Perch Present Absent Absent Absent Hagfish Perch Salamander Mouse Chimp Claws Fur Lungs Jaws

13 Classification 13. Draw a cladogram to represent the DNA information. DNA similarities in species Species A B C D E DNA similar 50% 95% 100% 80% 75% A E D B C

14 Classification Prosimians- tarsiers, lemurs, and bushbabies 14. What is the modern biological classification system based on? a. Evolutionary relationships b. Appearance c. Diet d. Habitat 15. What are unicellular organisms that do not have a nucleus called? Prokaryotes 16. What are multicellular organisms that do have a nucleus called? Eukaryotes 17.From the first cladogram, which trait was present in fish and humans? What organism do humans share the most recent D E F Present Time common ancestor? What trait evolved first in the organisms? Are humans more similar to birds or amphibians? Vertebrae, Prosimians, develop from blastula, birds C 18. From the cladogram to the right, what is the common ancestor of all the organisms? What species is most closely related to organism E? Is organism C the ancestor of organism D? Is species D the ancestor of all organisms living in the present time? A, F, No, No organism A is the ancestor of living organisms A B Blastula- hollow sphere of cells during development

15 Kingdoms 19. Which kingdoms make up the domain Eukarya? Plantae, Animalia, Protista, and Fungi 20. Which kindgom makes up the domain Bacteria? Eubacteria 21. Which kingdom makes up the domain Archaea? Archaebacteria 22. Which kingdom consists of organisms that contain chloroplasts and are multicellular autotrophs? Plantae 23. Which kingdom consists of organisms that are heterotrophic, have a cell wall, and can reproduce sexually or asexually? Fungi

16 Kingdoms 24. Which kingdoms consists of organisms that would be found in very hot springs or acidic or salt lakes? Archaebacteria 25. Compare and contrast any two kingdoms. This means that some characteristics should be the same and some should be different. 26. If an organism is found in water, is unicellular, autotrophic, and has cilia to move, what kingdom would it belong to? Protista 27. From the pictures below, determine which kingdom each of the organisms belong. Eubacteria Protista Fungi Animalia

17 Levels of Organization 28. What are a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific area called? Population 29. What are all the populations found in a specific area called? Community 30. Write the levels of organization in biological systems from smallest to largest. Atom molecule organelle cell Tissue organ organ system organism Population community ecosystem biosphere

18 Levels of Organization 31. From the picture, what levels of organization are shown? Population, community, ecosystem 32. What is the highest level of organization shown in the picture? Ecosystem- all living and non-living in an area

19 Levels of Organization 33. List the levels of organization and give their meaning. Levels of Organization Meaning Biosphere All of earth where living things found Ecosystem Community Population Organism Organ System Organ Tissue Cell Organelle Molecule Atom All living and nonliving things All the populations in an area A single species in an area A single living thing Group of organs Collection of tissue that has specific function, heart/lungs Group of cells with common function, make up organs Smallest unit of life Structures within cells that have a specific function Nonliving particles that are 2 or more atoms combined Nonliving particle that is still matter

20 Vocabulary 34.What does prokaryotic or prokaryote mean? Give an example. No nucleus, ex: bacteria 35. What does heterotrophic or heterotroph mean? Give an example. Gets food from other organisms (can not make it s own food) ex: human 36. What is a eukaryotic cell? Give an example. A cell that HAS a nucleus, ex: Protist, Animal, Plant, Fungi 37.What does it mean to be an autotroph? Give an example. It makes it s own food, ex: plant 38. Give an example of an organism that is a multicellular, heterotropic, eukaryote. Fungi or Animal 39. What does unicellular mean? Give an example. One cell, single celled, ex: bacteria, yeast, paramecium

21 Macromolecules and Enzymes 40. Which macromolecule makes up DNA and RNA? 41.Which macromolecule is used primarily by the body for energy? 42.Which macromolecule is made of amino acids? 43.Which macromolecule is used for long term energy storage and makes up the cell membrane? 44.What is a quantitative observation? 45.What is homeostasis? 46.What is response to the environment? 47.What do enzymes do?

22 Macromolecules and Enzymes 40. Which macromolecule makes up DNA and RNA? Nucleic acids 41. Which macromolecule is used primarily by the body for energy? carbohydrates 42. Which macromolecule is made of amino acids? proteins 43. Which macromolecule is used for long term energy storage and makes up the cell membrane? lipids 44. What is a quantitative observation? Volume, height, quantity (some type of number). 45. What is homeostasis? Maintaining an internal stable environment 46. What is response to the environment? Movement due to a stimulus (ex: wearing warm clothes in the winter, birds migrating, etc). 47. What do enzymes do? They speed up chemical reactions and lower the activation energy needed to start a reaction.

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