SPI Use data to draw conclusions about the major components of the universe.

Transcription

1 SPI Use data to draw conclusions about the major components of the universe.

2 o Stars are huge, hot, brilliant balls of gas trillions of kilometers away. A Galaxy is a collection of billions of stars, planets, and dust in an elliptical, spiral, or irregular shape. A Solar System is a collection of planets, moons, comets, and asteroids that orbit a single star. A comet is a small body of ice, rock, and cosmic dust loosely packed together. Asteroids are rocky, irregular shaped bodies in orbit around the sun. Most are located between Mars & Jupiter called the Asteroid Belt. A meteoroid is a small, rocky body orbiting the sun. These objects are believed to have originated from asteroids.

3 o List the Terrestrial Planets: 1. Mercury 3. Earth 2. Venus 4. Mars List the Gas Giants: 5. Jupiter 7. Uranus 6. Saturn 8. Neptune A dwarf planet is a celestial body resembling a small planet but lacking certain technical criteria that are required for it to be classed as such. A moon is a satellite that orbits around a planet.

4 SPI Explain how the relative distance of objects from the earth affects how they appear.

5 o The distance from an object determines how the object appears. The farther away and object is in the sky, the smaller it will appear. The closer an object is in the sky, the larger it will appear.

6 SPI Distinguish among a day, lunar cycle, and year based on the movements of the earth, sun, and moon.

7 o Define period of rotation: amount of time that an object takes to spin on its axis one time One period of rotation on Earth is 24 hours long and is called a day. Define period of revolution: time it takes an object to orbit around the sun one time. One period of revolution on Earth is 365 days or 52 weeks long and is called a year. Define lunar cycle. The time it takes the moon to revolve around the Earth one time; Also known as the phases of the moon. How long is a lunar cycle? 29.5 days or one month

8 SPI Explain the different phases of the moon using a model of the earth, moon, and sun.

9 o List the 8 phases of the moon. 1. New Moon 5. Full Moon 2. Waxing Crescent 6. Waning Gibbous 3. 1 st quarter moon 7. 3 rd quarter moon 4. Waxing Gibbous 8. Waning Crescent

10 SPI Predict the types of tides that occur when the earth and moon occupy various positions.

11 o Tides are daily movements of ocean water that change the level of the ocean s surface. What causes Tides? The Moons gravity pulling on the Earth A high tide occurs on the side of the Earth where the moon is located and on the opposite side. A low tide occurs on the sides of the Earth that are right angles.

12 The biggest high tide is called a Spring tide because the Sun, moon, and Earth form a straight line. Why is it the highest? The Sun and moon are pulling together in a straight line Draw & Label the moon & Spring tide

13 The smallest high tide is called a Neap tide because the Sun, moon, and Earth form a right angle. Why is it the lowest? The Sun and moon are pulling against each other at an angle Draw & Label the moon & Neap tide

14 SPI Use a diagram that shows the positions of the earth and sun to explain the four seasons.

15 Seasons are caused by the tilt of Earth s axis as the Earth revolves around the sun. The weather in the Northern hemisphere is the opposite of the Southern hemisphere. REMEMBER the pencil trick to find Summer and Winter because the pencil will point through the Sun!

16 What season is happening at each location in the Northern Hemisphere? 1. Spring 2. Summer 3. Fall 4. Winter What season is happening at each location in the Southern Hemisphere? 1. Fall 2. Winter 3. Spring 4. Summer

17 SPI Explain the difference between a solar and a lunar eclipse.

18 o An eclipse occurs when the shadow of one celestial body falls on another. A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth comes between the sun and the moon A solar eclipse happens when the moon comes between the Earth and the sun, and the shadow of the moon falls on part of Earth. Draw and Label where each eclipse happens:

19 Remember: New Moon, Spring tide & Solar eclipse happen at the same place as does Full Moon, Spring tide & lunar eclipse. Neap tides happen with the Half-moons position: 1 st Quarter and 3 rd Quarter