What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?

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1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System? Lesson 1 Quiz Josleen divided some of the planets into two main groups. The table below shows how she grouped them. Paul created a poster showing the solar system. Paul s poster is shown below. Group 1 Group 2 Mercury Mars Venus Saturn Uranus Jupiter Which two categories did Josleen most likely use to group the planets? planets and dwarf planets with moons and without moons orbit the sun and orbit other bodies small diameters and large diameters It is difficult to see the surface of Venus through a telescope. Which feature of Venus best explains why its surface is difficult to observe from Earth? It is surrounded by thick clouds. It is covered completely by water. It is too far from Earth to be seen. It does not produce light of its own. Why is the sun considered to be the center of the solar system? It is closer to Earth than other stars. The sun produces light and energy. The sun is the largest object that can be seen. Everything in the solar system revolves around the sun. Which of these details in Paul s poster is most accurate? the order of the planets the number of moons shown the distances between the planets the sizes of the planets and the sun Ganymede is a moon of Jupiter. It is larger than Mercury and has a metallic core similar to Earth s core. Which of these statements best explains why Ganymede is classified as a moon rather than a planet? It is too large to be called a planet. It orbits Jupiter instead of the sun. Its properties are different from Jupiter. It is farther from the sun than Mercury. Lesson Quiz AG 13 Grade 5 Assessment Guide Florida

2 How Do We Observe Objects in the Solar System? Lesson 2 Quiz Wanda often looks through her telescope at the details of different bodies in our solar system. What skill is Wanda using? observing concluding experimenting hypothesizing Crewless spaceships are sent to investigate deep space and transmit their findings back to Earth. Many carry cameras that take detailed pictures. What is the name for these types of space vehicles? constellations space probes satellites space stations Our solar system consists of eight planets. What is a planet? many stars held together a rock fragment in space a large object in space that revolves around a star in its own orbit a large object in space that is composed of gases and gives off light It is important to understand the appropriate times, places, and methods to make observations of space bodies, such as the sun. Why should you never look directly at the sun through a telescope, binoculars, or just your eyes? Its strong light can damage your vision. It is dangerous to observe such a hot space body. You cannot make observations of something just by looking at it. All astronomy observations must be made at night when the sun goes down. A telescope is an instrument that allows us to better see distant objects. Most telescopes are located on Earth. Spacebased telescopes often get data that is difficult to get using Earth-based telescopes. What problem does an Earthbased telescope have that a space-based telescope does not have? Air pollution causes a major problem for space-based telescopes. Earth-based telescopes are always smaller than space-based telescopes. It is difficult to get clear, close-up images of distant bodies using space-based telescopes. Earth-based telescopes have to look through Earth s atmosphere, which reduces their power. Lesson Quiz AG 15 Grade 5 Assessment Guide Florida

3 What Are Stars and Galaxies? Lesson 3 Quiz There are several different types of galaxies. How do scientists classify galaxies? The diagram below shows the Milky Way galaxy. by size by shape by temperature by number of stars There are many different colors of stars. Which characteristic determines the color of a star? temperature size and shape actual brightness distance from Earth A galaxy is composed of billions of stars held together by gravity. The illustration below shows one common type of galaxy. Which letter best shows the location of our solar system? W X Y Z The sun is a medium-size star, but it appears much larger than other stars. Why does the sun appear to be so large? What type of galaxy is shown in the illustration? barred spiral elliptical spinning spiral The sun is hotter than other stars. The sun produces more light than other stars. The sun is much closer to Earth than other stars are. The sun is affected by Earth s gravity more than other stars are. Lesson Quiz AG 15 Grade 5 Assessment Guide Florida

4 The Solar System and the Universe Unit Benchmark Test Telescopes are useful tools for observing objects in our solar system. When might you use a telescope? to see more detail about a small area of the sky to predict the position of a star to determine the thickness of a planet s core to collect a sample from a space object, SC.5.N.2.1 Planets are classified as either inner planets or outer planets based on their distance from the sun. What is found between the inner planets and the outer planets? asteroids comets moons stars The figure below shows the eight planets in our solar system. Which of the following planets has a large solid core? Jupiter Mercury Neptune Saturn Li-Chen is creating a notebook with diagrams for each of the different kinds of galaxies. The masses of objects in the solar system can be reported by comparing them to the mass of Earth. Which of these planets in the solar system most likely has a mass more than 300 times greater than the mass of Earth? Jupiter Mercury Mars Venus What label should Li-Chen use for the galaxy shown above? elliptical galaxy irregular galaxy barred spiral galaxy normal spiral galaxy Unit Benchmark Test AG 17 Grade 5 Assessment Guide Florida

5 Some galaxies have symmetrical shapes. Other galaxies look jumbled. Each of the images below shows two stars of the same color. Which picture and statement is correct? What term do astronomers use to describe a galaxy such as the one shown in the illustration? barred spiral galaxy elliptical galaxy irregular galaxy spiral galaxy Elliptical galaxies are brightest toward the center. Which of these statements best explains this observation? The stars are evenly distributed through the galaxy. The center is crowded with stars, and the number of stars decreases farther out. Most of the stars are near the outside of the elliptical galaxy, with dust clouds in the center. The stars are spread throughout the galaxy in bands that look like the arms of spiral galaxies. All visible stars in the night sky are many times larger than Earth. Why do they look like tiny points of light? They are moving very fast. The atmosphere blocks most of their light. The stars visible at night are located very far from Earth. Most of the light from stars is absorbed by galaxies, so it does not reach Earth. Unit Benchmark Test AG 18 Grade 5 Assessment Guide Florida

6 When compared to other stars, the sun is not very unusual. However, the sun is very important to humans. What makes the sun more important than the other stars? Unlike other stars, the sun is very large. When compared to other stars, the sun is the hottest. Unlike other stars, the sun is the right color for living things. When compared to other stars, the sun is very close to Earth. There are two types of spiral galaxies. What is a difference between a barred spiral galaxy and a normal spiral galaxy? the number of spiral arms the shape of the galaxy s center the number of stars in the galaxy the colors of the stars in the galaxy Which of these characteristics distinguishes the outer planets from the inner planets? The outer planets have many moons. The outer planets orbit in a different direction. The outer planets have higher densities. The outer planets have smaller diameters. While looking at the sky one night, Bevan saw a streak of light. Bevan s father told him that the light was produced by a small chunk of rock passing through Earth s atmosphere. Which of these terms best describes what Bevan saw? asteroid comet meteor meteorite SC.5.E.5.3 The picture below shows a feature known as the Great Dark Spot. Which of these planets is shown in the picture? Jupiter Neptune Saturn Uranus Earth and Saturn are both planets orbiting the sun. Which of these other features do the two planets have in common? They have a thin atmosphere. They rotate about an axis. Their orbits are the same length. They have about the same mass. Unit Benchmark Test AG 19 Grade 5 Assessment Guide Florida

7 A meteoroid is a chunk of rock traveling through the solar system. How is a meteorite related to a meteoroid? A student s model of the solar system is shown below. A meteorite is a meteoroid that enters Earth s atmosphere. A meteorite is a meteoroid that has broken into smaller pieces. A meteorite is a meteoroid that is larger in size than an asteroid. A meteorite is a meteoroid that reaches the surface of Earth. SC.5.E.5.3 The diagram below shows a planet and the sun. Which of these objects would most likely be found between Mars and Jupiter? stars comets asteroids dwarf planets SC.5.E.5.3 What does the arrow on the diagram show? how the planet rotates on its axis the gaseous nature of the planet why the planet has seasons how the planet revolves around the sun During a visit to an observatory, Silvano observed the moon, Venus, the sun, and the star Sirius. Which of these objects is outside of the solar system? Sirius Venus sun moon SC.5.N.1.2, SC.5.E.5.3 Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are known as Jovian planets because they are similar to Jupiter. Which of these characteristics do these three planets have in common with Jupiter? a large solid core well-defined rings a thick gaseous atmosphere a density greater than Earth s density Unit Benchmark Test AG 20 Grade 5 Assessment Guide Florida

8 How Does Earth Rotate and Revolve in Space? Gr 4 Lesson 1 Quiz Scientists describe Earth as having an imaginary line through it from pole to pole, about which Earth spins. What is this imaginary line called? axis equator plane satellite A person living on Earth sees daytime and nighttime every 24 hr. Which of these is responsible for changes from daytime to nighttime on Earth? Earth s tilt Earth orbiting the sun moon orbiting Earth Earth rotating about its axis Caroline looks up at the night sky on a clear night. She is searching for patterns of stars in the sky. What is Caroline looking for? planets galaxies constellations other planets moons Hundreds of years ago, people observed constellations in the night sky. How were constellations originally named and identified? by their brightness with latitude and longitude by their distance from Earth by the patterns they formed in the sky We know that each year has four seasons: winter, spring, summer, and fall. Why do we have seasons? tilt of Earth s axis shape of Earth s orbit length of a year on Earth rotation of Earth about its axis Patti decided to use a basketball as a model of Earth. She placed the ball on the floor and then spun it. What was Patti demonstrating with her model of Earth? Earth s axis Earth s orbit Earth s rotation Earth s revolution Lesson Quiz AG 13 Grade 4 Assessment Guide Florida

9 What Are Moon Phases? Lesson 3 Quiz Earth is a planet in the solar system. A planet can have one or more moons. What is another word that means the same as moon? asteroid comet satellite star Kashvi likes to look out the window at the moon. She observes that it seems to change every week. Which sentence best explains why this happens? The moon moves between Earth and the sun. The moon rotates only once in about a month. The same side of the moon always faces Earth. The amount of the lighted part of the moon that faces Earth changes. People on Earth see the moon every night. Sometimes people also see the moon during the day. Why does this happen? The moon makes its own light. The moon moves closer to Earth. The moon is reflecting light from Earth. The moon is reflecting light from the sun. From space, the surfaces of Earth and the moon look different. How is the surface of the moon different from the surface of Earth? no air, no liquid water, craters and mountains, rocky air, no liquid water, craters and mountains, not rocky air, liquid water, craters and mountains, not rocky air, liquid water, no craters or mountains, rocky One kind of modern calendar is a lunar calendar. What is a lunar calendar based on? phases of the moon yearly cycle of the sun monthly phases of the sun daily rising and setting of the moon Earth, the sun, and the moon all rotate. The table below lists how long it takes each one to complete one rotation. Object Earth moon sun Time to complete one rotation About 24 hours About 27 days About 27 days What can you conclude from the data in this table? The moon spins faster than the sun. The sun spins faster than the moon. Both the sun and moon spin faster than Earth. Both the sun and moon spin more slowly than Earth. Lesson Quiz AG 16 Grade 4 Assessment Guide Florida

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