ASTRONOMY FINAL EXAM REVIEW

Transcription

1 ASTRONOMY NAME: DATE: ASTRONOMY FINAL EXAM REVIEW PERIOD: Energy in the Universe: Light and Matter (Chapter 5) 1. What are the wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum? Order them from longest to shortest and give an example of an object that emits them for each. 2. Make a pneumonic device to help you remember the order of the EM Spectrum from longest to shortest. R M I V U X G 3. Heat energy is what type of radiation? 4. In what wavelengths of the EM Spectrum does our Sun emit? 5. What is the approximate speed of light? 6. Explain the process of spectroscopy and what astronomers use it for. 7. What is the equation for wave speed? 8. Calculate the wave speed for the wave below. Provide your answer in m/s.

2 9. What is the Doppler Shift? 10. How does the Doppler Shift affect sound waves? 11. How does the Doppler Shift affect light waves? 12. Sketch a line-graph spectrum for each of the following: 13. Match the lines of the elements below to identify the elements in the two unknown spectra.

3 Tools in Astronomy (Chapter 6: Telescopes) 14. Explain the process of time monitoring. 15. The first telescopes: Telescope Type: Inventor: Year Invented: Telescope Type: Inventor: Year Invented: 16. Label the parts of the radio telescope below.

4 17. Do weather conditions affect the operations of a radio telescope? Why or why not? 18. What is a light curve graph? What does it look like and how is it used in astronomy? 19. What would like light curve of a supernova explosion look like? 20. Explain the process of interferometry. 21. What is the Hubble Space Telescope? In what wavelengths of the EM Spectrum does it observe? 22. How are light pollution and turbulence detrimental to making quality astronomical observations? 23. What type of ground-based location would provide advantage for making astronomical observations? What type of location would be the worst? 24. Why would a space telescope take better quality images than a ground-based telescope? 25. List three space probes. What was each of their missions? 1) 2) 3)

5 Earth s Moon and Eclipses (Moon: p40-, 224- & Eclipses: p42-43) 26. Describe the Giant Impact Theory. 27. The circled feature is the Sea of Tranquility. What type of lunar feature is this and why is it significant? 28. Define the term exosphere. 29. List some properties of moon rocks. Most common rock type: 30. How does the moon influence the tides on Earth? 31. Does water exist on the moon? If so, where and how did it get there? 32. Why does the moon turn a reddish color during a total lunar eclipse? 33. Explain synchronous rotation as it relates to the Moon and Earth. What does this have to do with why we never see the dark side of the Moon from Earth?

6 34. Label the shadow types and define them. Penumbra: Umbra: 35. Label the diagrams below with the appropriate eclipse type and describe what is occurring. Eclipse Type: What s Happening? Eclipse Type: What s Happening?

7 Objects in Our Solar System (Chapter 9, 10, 11, 12) 36. Sketch the order of the planets in our solar system. Include the Asteroid Belt and the Kuiper Belt. 37. What are terrestrial planets? Terrestrial Means _ Name the planets: # of Moons: Elemental Composition: Key Characteristics: Geological Features: _ 38. What are jovian planets? Jovian Means Name the planets: # of Moons: Elemental Composition: Key Characteristics: _ 39. What are the objects below? Define this term. These objects are This mean that they

8 40. List the four categories of asteroids and their relative abundance. Type: Abundance: Type: Abundance: Type: Abundance: Type: Abundance: 41. What are Trans-Neptunian Objects? Where are they found? 42. Explain the difference between the Kuiper Belt and the OortCloud. 43. What event sparked debate in the astronomical community and eventually led to the reclassification of Pluto? 44. What is Ceres? How has its classification changed since 2006? 45. Pluto has a special relationship with its largest satellite. Name this object and describe the relationship. 46. Define the unit of measurement AU. Stars and Our Sun (Chapter 14, 15, 16, 17, 18) 47. What process is occuring the figure below? How is this significant to stars?

9 48. What is a protostar? 49. How do Jean s Instability Criteria relate protostar formation? 50. Briefly outline the process of star formation for a regular mass star? 51. What are the two basic life cycles a star can have? What determines the path a star will follow? 52. Explain the White Dwarf Limit. 53. How does a high-mass star s life end? 54. Describe the main sequence of stars. What trend do these stars follow? 55. What type of emissions come from stellar black holes and what type come from super-massive black holes? 56. How does temperature relate to color in main sequence stars? 57. List the stellar classes in order from hottest to coolest. What stellar class is our Sun?

10 58. Label the layers of the Sun. Life Elsewhere (Chapter 24) 59. How do you know if something is alive? What are the key characteristics of living things? 60. What type of organisms belong to the kingdom Archaea? How are they significant in terms of the search for extraterrestrial microbial life? 61. What is SETI and what type of research are they conducting? 62. What type of technology is being used in order to potentially receive communication from intelligent life elsewhere in the universe?. 63. Explain the Drake Equation. What limits does this theory have?