edition JIM Koupelis and Karl F.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "edition JIM Koupelis and Karl F."

Transcription

1 edition JIM Koupelis and Karl F. "Wisconsin- * Eastern Kentucky University JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS S a db u! }/; Mtissncliii^cjts m BOSTON TORONTO * LONDON SINCAPORK

2 The Quest Ahead 1-1 The View From Earth The Celestial Sphere 5 Constellations 6 Measuring the Positions of Celestial Objects 8 Celestial Coordinates The Sun's Motion Across the Sky 10 The Ecliptic 11 The Sun and the Seasons 12 A Scientific Model The Moon's Phases Lunar Eclipses 19 Types of Lunar Eclipses Solar Eclipses 22 The Partial Solar Eclipse 23 The Annular Eclipse Observations of Planetary Motion Rotations Units of Distance in Astronomy The Scale of the Universe 27 Simplicity and the Unity of Nature Astronomy Today 29 Conclusion 30 Study Guide 30 From an Earth-Centered to a Sun-Centered System. 2-1 Science and Its Ways of Knowing 37 Criteria for Scientific Models From an Earth-Centered to a Sun-Centered System The Greek Geocentric Model 39 A Model of Planetary Motion: Epicycles Aristarchus'Heliocentric Model 44 Measuring the Size of the Earth The Marriage of Aristotle and Christianity Nicolaus Copernicus and the Heliocentric Model 48 The Copernican System Comparing the Two Models Tycho Brahe:The Importance of Accurate Observations 55 Tycho's Model Johannes Kepler and the Laws of Planetary Motion 56 The Ellipse 58 Kepler's First Two Laws of Planetary Motion 58 Kepler's Third Law Kepler's Contribution 62 Conclusion 63 Study Guide 64.XXIV.36

3 Gravity and the Rise of Modern Astronomy. 3-1 Galileo Galilei and the Telescope 71 Observing the Moon, the Sun, and the Stars Jupiter's Moons 72 The Phases of Venus Isaac Newton's Grand Synthesis 76 Newton's First Two Laws of Motion 76 An Important Digression Mass and Weight 77 Back to Newton's Second Law 78 Newton's Third Law Motion in a Circle The Law of Universal Gravitation 80 Arriving at the Law of Universal Gravitation Newton's Laws and Kepler's Laws Orbits and the Center of Mass Beyond Newton General Theory of Relativity Gravitation and Einstein 90 Test 1: The Gravitational Bending of Light 90 Test 2: The Orbit of Mercury 91 Additional Tests 92 Conclusion 94 Study Guide 94 Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum The Kelvin Temperature Scale 99 The Wave Nature of Light 99 Characteristics of Wave Motion 101 Light as a Wave The Electromagnetic Spectrum The Colors of Planets and Stars 106 Color From Reflection The Colors of Planets Color as a Measure of Temperature 106 Types of Spectra 109 Kirchhoff 's Laws The Bohr Model of the Atom 111 Emission Spectra 113 Continuous and Absorption Spectra of the Stars The Doppler Effect 118 The Doppler Effect in Astronomy 120 The Doppler Effect as a Measurement Technique Other Doppler Effect Measurements Relative or Real Speed? The Inverse Square Law of Radiation 122 Conclusion 123 Study Guide ,98

4 Telescopes: Windows to the Universe 5-1 Refraction and Image Formation The Refracting Telescope 131 Chromatic Aberration The Powers of a Telescope 133 Angular Size and Magnifying Power 133 Light-Gathering Power 134 Resolving Power The Reflecting Telescope 138 Large Optical Telescopes 139 Active and Adaptive Optics 141 Telescope Accessories Radio Telescopes Interferometry Detecting Other Electromagnetic Radiation 150 Infrared Telescopes 150 The GALEX Ultraviolet Telescope 151 X-ray Telescopes 151 Gamma-ray Telescopes 152 Conclusion 155 Study Guide 157 The Earth-Moon System 6-1 Measuring the Moon's Distance and Size 161 The Distance to the Moon 161 The Size of the Moon 161 The Small-Angle Formula 162 Summary: Two Measuring Techniques 163 The Moon's Changing Size The Tides 164 Rotation and Revolution of the Moon 167 Precession of the Earth Earth 169 The Interior of the Earth 169 Plate Tectonics 170 Earth's Atmosphere 172 Earth's Magnetic Field The Moon's Surface Theories of the Origin of the Moon 179 The Large Impact Theory The History of the Moon 181 Conclusion 182 Study Guide A Planetary Overview 7-1 Sizes and Distances in the Solar System 189 Measuring Distances in the Solar System Measuring Mass and Average Density 194 Calculating Average Density Planetary Motions 196

5 7-4 Classifying the Planets 197 Size, Mass, and Density 197 Satellites and Rings 197 Rotations Planetary Atmospheres 199 Gases and Escape Velocity 200 The Atmosphere of the Planets The Formation of the Solar System 202 Evidential Clues From the Data 202 Evolutionary Theories 202 Catastrophe Theories 203 Present Evolutionary Theories 204 Explaining Other Clues Planetary Systems Around Other Stars 208 The Formation of Planetary Systems 213 Conclusion 215 Study Guide 216 Q The Terrestrial Planets Mercury 221 Mercury as Seen From Earth 221 Mercury via Mariner Comparison With the Moon 221 Structural Characteristics 224 Mercury's Motions Venus 227 Structural Characteristics 227 Venus' Motions 227 The Surface of Venus 229 The Atmosphere of Venus 232 A Hypothesis Explaining Venus/Earth Differences Mars 235 Mars as Seen From Earth 235 Structural Characteristics 236 Mars' Motions 237 Early Speculations on Life on Mars 238 Invasion and Its Results 238 The Surface of Mars 240 Atmospheric Conditions 245 The Moons of Mars Why Explore? 254 Conclusion 254 Study Guide 255 The Jovian Planets Jupiter 261 Jupiter as Seen From Earth 261 Jupiter as Seen From Space 262 The Composition of Jupiter's Atmosphere 264 Jupiter's Interior 265 Energy From Jupiter 267 Jupiter's Moons 268 Summary: The Galilean Moons 272 Jupiter's Rings 272

6 9-2 Saturn 272 Size, Mass, and Density 273 Saturn's Motions 273 Pioneer, Voyager, and Cassini 273 Saturn's Excess Energy 276 Enceladus and Titan 276 Planetary Rings 280 The Origin of Rings Uranus 282 Uranus' Orientation and Motion Neptune 288 Neptune's Moons and Rings 290 Conclusion 291 Study Guide Dwarf Planets and Solar System Debris Pluto 298 Pluto as Seen From Earth Pluto and Its Moons 298 A Former Moon of Neptune? Solar System Debris 300 Asteroids 300 The Orbits of Asteroids 302 The Origin of Asteroids 304 Comets Cometary Orbits Isaac Newton and Edmund Halley The Nature of Comets 306 Comet Tails 308 Missions to Comets The Oort Cloud and the Kuiper Belt The Origin of Short-Period Comets 313 Meteors and Meteor Showers 314 Meteors 314 Meteoroids 315 Meteor Showers 315 Meteorites and Craters The Importance of the Solar System Debris 320 Conclusion 323 Study Guide The Sun 11-1 Solar Properties Solar Energy 330 The Source of the Sun's Energy Solar Nuclear Reactions 332 The Sun's Interior 335 Pressure, Temperature, and Density 335 Hydrostatic Equilibrium 337 Energy Transport 337 Solar Neutrinos and the Standard Solar Model

7 11-4 Helioseismology The Solar Atmosphere 344 The Photosphere 344 The Chromosphere and Corona 346 The Solar Wind Sunspots and the Solar Activity Cycle 351 Modeling the Sunspot Cycle and the Sunspots 351 Solar Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections 354 Conclusion 357 Study Guide 357 Measuringthe Properties of Stars 12-1 Stellar Luminosity 363 Apparent Magnitude Measuring Distances to Stars 366 Absolute Magnitude Motions of Stars Spectral Types 371 The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram 373 Spectroscopic Parallax 374 Luminosity Classes 376 Analyzing the Spectroscopic Parallax Procedure Luminosity and the Sizes of Stars Multiple Star Systems 379 Visual Binaries 380 Spectroscopic Binaries 381 Eclipsing Binaries 382 Other Binary Classifications Stellar Masses and Sizes From Binary Star Data The Mass-Luminosity Relationship Cepheid Variables as Distance Indicators 385 Conclusion 388 Study Guide Interstellar Matter and Star Formation 13-1 Interstellar Medium 395 Interstellar Dust 395 Interstellar Gas 398 Clouds and Nebulae A Brief Woodland Visit Star Birth 403 The Collapse of Interstellar Clouds 404 Protostars 406 Evolution Toward the Main Sequence 407 Star Clusters 411 Conclusion 413 Study Guide

8 14 The Lives and Deaths of Low-Mass Stars 14-1 Brown Dwarfs Stellar Maturity 421 Stellar Nuclear Fusion 421 The Stellar Thermostat 422 Main Sequence Life of Stars Star Death Very Low Mass Stars (< 0.4 M o ) Beyond the Very Low Mass Stars:The Red Giant Stage Moderately Low Mass Stars (0.4-4 M o ) 427 Electron Degeneracy and the Helium Flash 427 Stellar Pulsations 430 Mass Loss From Red Giants 431 Planetary Nebulae White Dwarfs 437 The Chandrasekhar Limit 438 Characteristics of White Dwarfs 438 Novae Type I Supernovae 440 Conclusion 442 Study Guide The Deaths of Massive Stars Moderately Massive and Very Massive Stars (> 4 M 0 ) Type II Supernovae 452 Detecting Supernovae SN1987A Neutron Stars 457 Theory: Collapse of a Massive Star 457 Observation: The Discovery of Pulsars 458 The Lighthouse Model of Neutron Stars/Pulsars 460 Theory: The Emission of Radiation Pulses 460 Observation: The Crab Pulsar and Others 462 Moderately Massive Stars Conclusion General Relativity 466 A Binary Pulsar The Fate of Very Massive Stars 468 Black Holes 469 Properties of Black Holes 470 Detecting Black Holes Our Relatives The Stars 475 Conclusion 477 Study Guide The Milky Way Galaxy Our Galaxy 483 Globular Clusters Components of the Galaxy 489 Galactic Motions 491 The Mass of the Galaxy 493

9 The Spiral Arms Spiral Arm Theories 496 The Density Wave Theory 496 The Self-Propagating Star Formation Theory 16-5 The Galactic Nucleus The Evolution of the Galaxy 503 Age and Composition of the Galaxy 503 The Galaxy's History 505 Conclusion 506 Study Guide 507 A Diversity of Galaxies The Hubble Classification 511 Spiral Galaxies 511 Elliptical Galaxies 513 Irregular Galaxies 515 Hubble's Tuning Fork Diagram Measuring Galaxies 517 Distances Measured by Various Indicators 518 The Hubble Law 519 The Hubble Law Used to Measure Distance 524 The Tully-Fisher Relation 524 The Masses of Galaxies 525 Clusters of Galaxies; Missing Mass 526 The Origin of Galactic Types 530 The Cloud Density Theory 530 The Merger Theory 531 Look-Back Time 531 Active Galaxies 533 Quasars 535 Competing Theories for the Quasar Redshift 537 Seyfert Galaxies 538 Quasars and Gravitational Lenses 538 Quasars, Blazars, and Superluminal Motion 540 The Nature of Active Galactic Nuclei 542 Conclusion 546 Study Guide 547, Cosmology:The Nature of the Universe The Search for Centers and Edges 551 Einstein's Universe The Expanding Universe 554 What Is Expanding and What Is Not? The Cosmological Redshift 555 Olbers' Paradox Cosmological Assumptions The Big Bang 560 Evidence: Background Radiation 562 Additional Evidence for the Big Bang 565 The Age of the Universe The Future:Will Expansion Stop? 567 Evidence: Distant Galaxies and High-Redshift Type la Supernovae 568

10 18-6 The Inflationary Universe 570 The Flatness Problem 571 The Horizon Problem The Grand Scale Structure of the Universe 573 Cosmic Evolution 581 Conclusion 583 Study Guide t The Quest for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 19-1 Radio Searches and SETI Communication With Extraterrestrial Intelligence 19-3 Letters to Extraterrestrials 591 The Pioneer Plaques 591 The Voyager Records 592 Will the Message Be Found? The Origin of Life The Drake Equation Where Is Everybody? 595 Conclusion 596 Study Guide ,588 Appendixes Appendix A Units and Constants 599 Appendix B Solar Data 599 Appendix C Planetary Data 600 Appendix D Planetary Satellites 612 Appendix E The Brightest Stars 615 Appendix F The Nearest Stars 616 Appendix G The Constellations 617 Appendix H Answers to Selected Questions, Calculations, and Try One Yourself Exercises 620 Glossary 629 Index 637

Astronomy Today. Eighth edition. Eric Chaisson Steve McMillan

Astronomy Today. Eighth edition. Eric Chaisson Steve McMillan Global edition Astronomy Today Eighth edition Eric Chaisson Steve McMillan The Distance Scale ~1 Gpc Velocity L Distance Hubble s law Supernovae ~200 Mpc Time Tully-Fisher ~25 Mpc ~10,000 pc Time Variable

More information

ASTRONOMY. Eric Chaisson. Steve McMillan. A Beginner's Guide to the Universe FOURTH EDITION. Tufts University. Drexel University

ASTRONOMY. Eric Chaisson. Steve McMillan. A Beginner's Guide to the Universe FOURTH EDITION. Tufts University. Drexel University ASTRONOMY A Beginner's Guide to the Universe FOURTH EDITION Eric Chaisson Tufts University Steve McMillan Drexel University PEARSON Prentice Hall Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey

More information

Foundations of Astrophysics

Foundations of Astrophysics Foundations of Astrophysics Barbara Ryden The Ohio State University Bradley M. Peterson The Ohio State University Preface xi 1 Early Astronomy 1 1.1 The Celestial Sphere 1 1.2 Coordinate Systems on a Sphere

More information

AN INTRODUCTIONTO MODERN ASTROPHYSICS

AN INTRODUCTIONTO MODERN ASTROPHYSICS AN INTRODUCTIONTO MODERN ASTROPHYSICS Second Edition Bradley W. Carroll Weber State University DaleA. Ostlie Weber State University PEARSON Addison Wesley San Francisco Boston New York Cape Town Hong Kong

More information

ASTRONOMY CURRICULUM Unit 1: Introduction to Astronomy

ASTRONOMY CURRICULUM Unit 1: Introduction to Astronomy Chariho Regional School District - Science Curriculum September, 2016 ASTRONOMY CURRICULUM Unit 1: Introduction to Astronomy OVERVIEW Summary Students will be introduced to the overarching concept of astronomy.

More information

Final Exam. Sample Questions. Final Exam. Which of the following statement is true? THE FINAL IS DECEMBER 15 th : 7-10pm!

Final Exam. Sample Questions. Final Exam. Which of the following statement is true? THE FINAL IS DECEMBER 15 th : 7-10pm! THE FINAL IS DECEMBER 15 th : 7-10pm! Review Session Final Exam Date: Monday, Dec 15 th Place and Time: In the Greg 100 classroom 7pm until 10pm. The test is designed for 2 hours. Format: 80 multiple choice

More information

Mapping Document. GCSE (9-1) Astronomy. Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9-1) in Astronomy (1AS0)

Mapping Document. GCSE (9-1) Astronomy. Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9-1) in Astronomy (1AS0) Mapping Document GCSE (9-1) Astronomy Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9-1) in Astronomy (1AS0) GCSE (9-1) Astronomy Mapping document This document is designed to help you compare the existing 2011

More information

Exam Board Edexcel There are 2 exams, each is worth 50% of the GCSE

Exam Board Edexcel There are 2 exams, each is worth 50% of the GCSE GCSE Astronomy 2018 19 Course Guide. Sessions will take place each Thursday after school from 3.30 until 5.00. This is a 30 week course running from the 13 th of September 2018 until the 6 th of June 2019.

More information

GCSE Astronomy Course Guide. Each Tuesday after school

GCSE Astronomy Course Guide. Each Tuesday after school GCSE Astronomy 2016 17 Course Guide Each Tuesday after school 3.30 5.00 Exam Board Edexcel Controlled Assessment Deadline - 4 th April 2017. Exam Wednesday 7 th June 2017, 1.30pm Edexcel GCSE Astronomy

More information

Universe Now. 12. Revision and highlights

Universe Now. 12. Revision and highlights Universe Now 12. Revision and highlights Practical issues about the exam The exam is on Monday 6.5. (12.00-16.00), lecture hall B121 (Exactum). Paper will be provided. You have 4 hours to finish the exam,

More information

Earth and Space Science Quarter 4. Sun-Earth-Moon System (Duration 2 Weeks)

Earth and Space Science Quarter 4. Sun-Earth-Moon System (Duration 2 Weeks) HIGLEY UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT INSTRUCTIONAL ALIGNMENT Earth and Space Science Quarter 4 Sun-Earth-Moon System (Duration 2 Weeks) Big Idea: Essential Questions: 1. Describe the lunar surface 2. Explain

More information

Introduction The Role of Astronomy p. 3 Astronomical Objects of Research p. 4 The Scale of the Universe p. 7 Spherical Astronomy Spherical

Introduction The Role of Astronomy p. 3 Astronomical Objects of Research p. 4 The Scale of the Universe p. 7 Spherical Astronomy Spherical Introduction The Role of Astronomy p. 3 Astronomical Objects of Research p. 4 The Scale of the Universe p. 7 Spherical Astronomy Spherical Trigonometry p. 9 The Earth p. 12 The Celestial Sphere p. 14 The

More information

Linwood Holton Governor s School Astronomy I and II, NAS 131/132 Syllabus Fall 2008

Linwood Holton Governor s School Astronomy I and II, NAS 131/132 Syllabus Fall 2008 Instructor: Dr. Steve Rapp Linwood Holton Governor s School Astronomy I and II, NAS 131/132 Syllabus Fall 2008 Location: Linwood Holton Governor s School at the Southwest Virginia Higher Education Center,

More information

Introduction to the Universe. What makes up the Universe?

Introduction to the Universe. What makes up the Universe? Introduction to the Universe What makes up the Universe? Objects in the Universe Astrophysics is the science that tries to make sense of the universe by - describing the Universe (Astronomy) - understanding

More information

Astronomy 1504 Section 10 Final Exam Version 1 May 6, 1999

Astronomy 1504 Section 10 Final Exam Version 1 May 6, 1999 Astronomy 1504 Section 10 Final Exam Version 1 May 6, 1999 Reminder: When I write these questions, I believe that there is one one correct answer. The questions consist of all parts a e. Read the entire

More information

SAN DIEGO COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT CITY, MESA, AND MIRAMAR COLLEGES ASSOCIATE DEGREE COURSE OUTLINE

SAN DIEGO COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT CITY, MESA, AND MIRAMAR COLLEGES ASSOCIATE DEGREE COURSE OUTLINE ASTR 101 CIC Approval: 12/12/2002 BOT APPROVAL: STATE APPROVAL: EFFECTIVE TERM: Fall 2003 SECTION I SAN DIEGO COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT CITY, MESA, AND MIRAMAR COLLEGES ASSOCIATE DEGREE COURSE OUTLINE

More information

Introduction to the Universe

Introduction to the Universe What makes up the Universe? Introduction to the Universe Book page 642-644 Objects in the Universe Astrophysics is the science that tries to make sense of the universe by - describing the Universe (Astronomy)

More information

Astronomy AB Course Description

Astronomy AB Course Description Astronomy AB Course Description Astronomy AB (Annual Course Grades 11 & 12 - Prerequisites: Algebra 1, Geometry and Physics (Physics may be taken concurrently.) 36-17-11 Astronomy A 36-17-12 Astronomy

More information

Coriolis Effect - the apparent curved paths of projectiles, winds, and ocean currents

Coriolis Effect - the apparent curved paths of projectiles, winds, and ocean currents Regents Earth Science Unit 5: Astronomy Models of the Universe Earliest models of the universe were based on the idea that the Sun, Moon, and planets all orbit the Earth models needed to explain how the

More information

AST-1002 Section 0459 Review for Final Exam Please do not forget about doing the evaluation!

AST-1002 Section 0459 Review for Final Exam Please do not forget about doing the evaluation! AST-1002 Section 0459 Review for Final Exam Please do not forget about doing the evaluation! Bring pencil #2 with eraser No use of calculator or any electronic device during the exam We provide the scantrons

More information

The Stars. Chapter 14

The Stars. Chapter 14 The Stars Chapter 14 Great Idea: The Sun and other stars use nuclear fusion reactions to convert mass into energy. Eventually, when a star s nuclear fuel is depleted, the star must burn out. Chapter Outline

More information

Explorations. An Introduction to Astronomy. Higher Education. Thomas T. Arny. Me Grauu Hill

Explorations. An Introduction to Astronomy. Higher Education. Thomas T. Arny. Me Grauu Hill Explorations An Introduction to Astronomy Thomas T. Arny Professor Emeritus Department of Astronomy University of Massachusetts, Amherst Me Grauu Hill Higher Education Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA

More information

AST 301, Introduction to Astronomy Course Description and Syllabus Fall 2012

AST 301, Introduction to Astronomy Course Description and Syllabus Fall 2012 AST 301, Introduction to Astronomy Course Description and Syllabus Fall 2012 Instructor: Dr. Edward L. Robinson Dept. of Astronomy, UT Unique Number: 47705 Lecture Time MWF 10 11 AM Lecture Location: WEL

More information

ASTRONOMY 1 FINAL EXAM 1 Name

ASTRONOMY 1 FINAL EXAM 1 Name ASTRONOMY 1 FINAL EXAM 1 Name Multiple Choice (2 pts each) 1. Sullivan Star is an F spectral class star that is part of a binary star system. It has a MS lifetime of 5 billion years. Its life will eventually

More information

Fundamental Astronomy

Fundamental Astronomy H. Karttunen P. Kroger H. Oja M.Poutanen K.J. Donner (Eds.) Fundamental Astronomy Fifth Edition With 449 Illustrations Including 34 Colour Plates and 75 Exercises with Solutions < J Springer VII 1. Introduction

More information

Section 26.1 pp The Sun s Size, Heat, and Structure

Section 26.1 pp The Sun s Size, Heat, and Structure Section 26.1 pp. 572 576 The Sun s Size, Heat, and Structure Set a Purpose: TE, p. 572 Reading Study Guide, p. 89 Visualization Examine the sun at different wavelengths: SE, p. 573 Visual Teaching Interpret

More information

Survey of Astronomy ASTRO 110-5

Survey of Astronomy ASTRO 110-5 Survey of Astronomy ASTRO 110-5 Prof. Istvan Szapudi Institute for Astronomy IfA B204/WAT 401 Phone: 956 6196 Email: szapudi@ifa.hawaii.edu Class meets TTh 12:00 to 13:15 WAT 112 Office Hours after class

More information

outline 1. in the beginning. The Big Bang 2. galaxies -- different types 3. stars -- life cycle 4. the solar system -- sun and planets

outline 1. in the beginning. The Big Bang 2. galaxies -- different types 3. stars -- life cycle 4. the solar system -- sun and planets Earth s Place in the Universe outline 1. in the beginning. The Big Bang 2. galaxies -- different types 3. stars -- life cycle 4. the solar system -- sun and planets the big bang the universe is expanding

More information

7. What product of the fusion reaction occurring in the core of the Sun is directly observable? A) helium B) positrons C) neutrinos D) photons

7. What product of the fusion reaction occurring in the core of the Sun is directly observable? A) helium B) positrons C) neutrinos D) photons Write the color of your test booklet on the top of your bubble sheet! Be sure to fill in your name and ID# Also, please follow the standard bubble-sheet drill: - use a #2 pencil - completely fill in the

More information

International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA)

International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA) Syllabus of International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA) General Notes 1. Extensive contents in basic astronomical concepts are required in theoretical and practical problems. 2. Basic concepts

More information

1. thought the earth was at the center of the solar system and the planets move on small circles that move on bigger circles

1. thought the earth was at the center of the solar system and the planets move on small circles that move on bigger circles Earth Science Chapter 20: Observing the Solar System Match the observations or discoveries with the correct scientist. Answers may be used more than once. Answers that cannot be read will be counted as

More information

ISP 205: Visions of the Universe Summer 2004 Professor: ER Capriotti Sample Quiz

ISP 205: Visions of the Universe Summer 2004 Professor: ER Capriotti Sample Quiz ISP 205: Visions of the Universe Summer 2004 Professor: ER Capriotti Sample Quiz 1. Most primitive ideas about the universe pictured A. the Moon as going around the Sun. B. the Earth and sky as being roughly

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System 25.1 Properties of Stars Characteristics of Stars A constellation is an apparent group of stars originally named for mythical

More information

Earth in the Universe Unit Notes

Earth in the Universe Unit Notes Earth in the Universe Unit Notes The Universe - everything everywhere, 15-20 billion years old Inside the universe there are billions of Galaxies Inside each Galaxy there are billions of Solar Systems

More information

Astronomy Study Guide Answer Key

Astronomy Study Guide Answer Key Astronomy Study Guide Answer Key Section 1: The Universe 1. Cosmology is the study of how the universe is arranged. 2. Identify the type of cosmology a. The sun is the center of the Universe Heliocentric

More information

V. Astronomy Section

V. Astronomy Section EAS 100 Planet Earth Lecture Topics Brief Outlines V. Astronomy Section 1. Introduction, Astronomical Distances, Solar System Learning objectives: Develop an understanding of Earth s position in the solar

More information

Astronomy 113. Dr. Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D. Review. Semester Recap. Nature of Light. Wavelength. Red/Blue Light 4/30/18

Astronomy 113. Dr. Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D. Review. Semester Recap. Nature of Light. Wavelength. Red/Blue Light 4/30/18 https://www.theverge.com/2018/ 3/10/17104188/melodysheeptime-lapse-universe-earthformation-watch Astronomy 113 Dr. Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D. Review Semester Recap ³Light and Radiation ³The Sun ³Measuring

More information

Universe Celestial Object Galaxy Solar System

Universe Celestial Object Galaxy Solar System ASTRONOMY Universe- Includes all known matter (everything). Celestial Object Any object outside or above Earth s atmosphere. Galaxy- A large group (billions) of stars (held together by gravity). Our galaxy

More information

Name Date Period. 10. convection zone 11. radiation zone 12. core

Name Date Period. 10. convection zone 11. radiation zone 12. core 240 points CHAPTER 29 STARS SECTION 29.1 The Sun (40 points this page) In your textbook, read about the properties of the Sun and the Sun s atmosphere. Use each of the terms below just once to complete

More information

Extra-Curricular Activity GCSE Astronomy 2 Year Course (1 hour per week)

Extra-Curricular Activity GCSE Astronomy 2 Year Course (1 hour per week) SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER Extra-Curricular Activity GCSE Astronomy 2 Year Course (1 hour per week) Introduction to the course Revision of:- A day and a year The link between tilt of the Earth

More information

CST Prep- 8 th Grade Astronomy

CST Prep- 8 th Grade Astronomy CST Prep- 8 th Grade Astronomy Chapter 15 (Part 1) 1. The theory of how the universe was created is called the 2. Which equation states that matter and energy are interchangeable? 3. All matter in the

More information

ASTR2050: Introductory Astronomy and Astrophysics Syllabus for Spring 1999 January 4, 1999

ASTR2050: Introductory Astronomy and Astrophysics Syllabus for Spring 1999 January 4, 1999 ASTR2050: Introductory Astronomy and Astrophysics Syllabus for Spring 1999 January 4, 1999 This is a working document and will change periodically. It outlines the topics that will be covered during the

More information

Review III. ASTR 371, Fall Jovian Planets and Rings (Lecture Notes 9; Chap 12, 14)

Review III. ASTR 371, Fall Jovian Planets and Rings (Lecture Notes 9; Chap 12, 14) ASTR 371, Fall 2016 Review III 9. Jovian Planets and Rings (Lecture Notes 9; Chap 12, 14) 9.1-2 Introduction, Motion a. Carefully study the data for the Jovian planets. Must know the general properties

More information

Introduction to Astronomy & Astrophysics (PHY F215) Kaushar Vaidya Ph.D. (Astronomy)

Introduction to Astronomy & Astrophysics (PHY F215) Kaushar Vaidya Ph.D. (Astronomy) Introduction to Astronomy & Astrophysics (PHY F215) Kaushar Vaidya Ph.D. (Astronomy) vastness and scales (sizes, time, temperature-pressure) (philosophical, exo-planets, detection, alien) nothing like

More information

Sample Assessment Material Time: 2 hours

Sample Assessment Material Time: 2 hours Paper Reference(s) 5AS01 Edexcel GCSE Astronomy Paper 1 Sample Assessment Material Time: 2 hours Materials required for examination Calculator Items included with question papers Nil Instructions to Candidates

More information

Read each slide then use the red or some underlined words to complete the organizer.

Read each slide then use the red or some underlined words to complete the organizer. Read each slide then use the red or some underlined words to complete the organizer. 1B Did it start as a bang! 1B The Expanding Universe A. The Big Bang Theory: Idea that all matter began in an infinitely

More information

1. Cosmology is the study of. a. The sun is the center of the Universe. b. The Earth is the center of the Universe

1. Cosmology is the study of. a. The sun is the center of the Universe. b. The Earth is the center of the Universe Section 1: The Universe 1. Cosmology is the study of. 2. Identify the type of cosmology a. The sun is the center of the Universe b. The Earth is the center of the Universe 3. The two most abundant gases

More information

Astronomy: The Evolving Universe 9/e

Astronomy: The Evolving Universe 9/e Astronomy: The Evolving Universe 9/e Chapter 1 Key Terms angular diameter angular distance angular speed celestial pole circumpolar stars conjunction constellation eclipse (lunar/solar) ecliptic equinox

More information

Scope and Sequence: Semester I

Scope and Sequence: Semester I www.homeschoolastronomy.com Scope and Sequence: Semester I A list of ideas, concepts and topics covered in the course in addition to recommendations on the order in which they are taught. Tour of the Solar

More information

Practice Test DeAnza College Astronomy 04 Test 1 Spring Quarter 2009

Practice Test DeAnza College Astronomy 04 Test 1 Spring Quarter 2009 Practice Test DeAnza College Astronomy 04 Test 1 Spring Quarter 2009 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Mark answer on Scantron.

More information

Beyond Our Solar System Chapter 24

Beyond Our Solar System Chapter 24 Beyond Our Solar System Chapter 24 PROPERTIES OF STARS Distance Measuring a star's distance can be very difficult Stellar parallax Used for measuring distance to a star Apparent shift in a star's position

More information

PH104 Descriptive Astronomy Learning Objectives

PH104 Descriptive Astronomy Learning Objectives PH104 Descriptive Astronomy Learning Objectives March 11, 2008 1 Introduction This list of questions are questions that will need to be answered in order for students to be successful in the course. Each

More information

AST Section 2: Test 1

AST Section 2: Test 1 AST1002 - Section 2: Test 1 Date: 10/06/2009 Name: Equations: c = λ f, λ peak = Question 1: A star with a declination of +40.0 degrees will be 1. east of the vernal equinox. 2. west of the vernal equinox.

More information

Chapter 16 Astronomy Study Guide. VOCABULARY WORDS TO KNOW geocentric system meteorite meteoroid

Chapter 16 Astronomy Study Guide. VOCABULARY WORDS TO KNOW geocentric system meteorite meteoroid NAME: Period: asteroid asteroid belt comet ellipse force Galilean moons gas giants Chapter 16 Astronomy Study Guide VOCABULARY WORDS TO KNOW geocentric system meteorite gravity meteoroid greenhouse effect

More information

Stellar Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 3

Stellar Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 3 Stellar Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 3 Chapter 7 1. A protostar is formed by a) the rapid expansion of gas from an exploding star. b) the gravitational collapse of a rotating interstellar cloud.

More information

Which letter on the timeline best represents the time when scientists estimate that the Big Bang occurred? A) A B) B C) C D) D

Which letter on the timeline best represents the time when scientists estimate that the Big Bang occurred? A) A B) B C) C D) D 1. The red shift of light from most galaxies is evidence that A) most galaxies are moving away from Earth B) a majority of stars in most galaxies are red giants C) the light slows down as it nears Earth

More information

Astronomy: Exploring the Universe

Astronomy: Exploring the Universe Course Syllabus Astronomy: Exploring the Universe Course Description Why do stars twinkle? Is it possible to fall into a black hole? Will the sun ever stop shining? Since the first glimpse of the night

More information

The Universe and Galaxies

The Universe and Galaxies The Universe and Galaxies 16.1 http://dingo.care-mail.com/cards/flash/5409/galaxy.swf Universe The sum of all matter and energy that exists, that has ever existed, and that will ever exist. We will focus

More information

Astronomy: Exploring the Universe

Astronomy: Exploring the Universe Course Syllabus Astronomy: Exploring the Universe Course Code: EDL028 Course Description The universe is truly the last unknown frontier and offers more questions than answers. Why do stars twinkle? Is

More information

Galaxies and Stars. 3. Base your answer to the following question on The reaction below represents an energy-producing process.

Galaxies and Stars. 3. Base your answer to the following question on The reaction below represents an energy-producing process. Galaxies and Stars 1. To an observer on Earth, the Sun appears brighter than the star Rigel because the Sun is A) hotter than Rigel B) more luminous than Rigel C) closer than Rigel D) larger than Rigel

More information

OPTION E, ASTROPHYSICS TEST REVIEW

OPTION E, ASTROPHYSICS TEST REVIEW IB PHYSICS Name: DEVIL PHYSICS Period: Date: BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS OPTION E, ASTROPHYSICS TEST REVIEW S1. This question is about the nature of certain stars on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and determining

More information

Learning Objectives: Chapter 13, Part 1: Lower Main Sequence Stars. AST 2010: Chapter 13. AST 2010 Descriptive Astronomy

Learning Objectives: Chapter 13, Part 1: Lower Main Sequence Stars. AST 2010: Chapter 13. AST 2010 Descriptive Astronomy Chapter 13, Part 1: Lower Main Sequence Stars Define red dwarf, and describe the internal dynamics and later evolution of these low-mass stars. Appreciate the time scale of late-stage stellar evolution

More information

Properties of Stars. Characteristics of Stars

Properties of Stars. Characteristics of Stars Properties of Stars Characteristics of Stars A constellation is an apparent group of stars originally named for mythical characters. The sky contains 88 constellations. Star Color and Temperature Color

More information

The Universe. What is it? What is in it? How did it form? How will it end? How do we know?

The Universe. What is it? What is in it? How did it form? How will it end? How do we know? The Universe What is it? What is in it? How did it form? How will it end? How do we know? What is your place in the Universe? What is the universe? a. The study of the universe its nature, origins, and

More information

HNRS 227 Fall 2006 Chapter 13. What is Pluto? What is a Planet? There are two broad categories of planets: Terrestrial and Jovian

HNRS 227 Fall 2006 Chapter 13. What is Pluto? What is a Planet? There are two broad categories of planets: Terrestrial and Jovian Key Points of Chapter 13 HNRS 227 Fall 2006 Chapter 13 The Solar System presented by Prof. Geller 24 October 2006 Planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Dwarf Planets Pluto,

More information

Astr 170B1 Sec 3 SOLUTIONS April 11, 2016

Astr 170B1 Sec 3 SOLUTIONS April 11, 2016 Correct responses in BOLDFACE. Brightness 1. Look at the graph at the left. What is the period for this star? a. 9 days b. 1 day c. 5.5 days d. 4.5 days e. need more information 2. Comets are comprised

More information

You are here! The Solar System! Jo-Anne Brown

You are here! The Solar System! Jo-Anne Brown You are here! * The Solar System! Jo-Anne Brown Outline Questions! Earth, Moon, Sun A little, teeny, tiny bit of history... Terrestrial planets Gas Giants Poor Pluto Magnetic fields Tell me what you know!

More information

ES - Astronomy Part 2 Post-Test

ES - Astronomy Part 2 Post-Test ES - Astronomy Part 2 Post-Test True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Compared to the human eye, telescopes can collect light over longer periods of time. 2. The inner planets

More information

Astr 170B1 Sec 3 SOLUTIONS April 11, 2016

Astr 170B1 Sec 3 SOLUTIONS April 11, 2016 Correct responses in BOLDFACE. 1. The metallic hydrogen in Jupiter's interior contributes to a. its rapid rotation b. its extreme temperature c. its extreme weather patterns d. its strong magnetic field

More information

Astr 170B1 Sec 3 SOLUTIONS April 11, 2016

Astr 170B1 Sec 3 SOLUTIONS April 11, 2016 Correct responses in BOLDFACE. 1. Galaxy collisions can a. trigger high rates of star formation b. perturb the planets orbiting stars in the colliding galaxies c. drag most of the interstellar gas out

More information

DISCOVERING THE UN I VERSE SEVENTH EDITION. Willllifli J* KdUftn^nn III San Diego State University. F. COfflifIS University of Maine

DISCOVERING THE UN I VERSE SEVENTH EDITION. Willllifli J* KdUftn^nn III San Diego State University. F. COfflifIS University of Maine DISCOVERING THE UN I VERSE SEVENTH EDITION F. COfflifIS University of Maine Willllifli J* KdUftn^nn III San Diego State University W. H, FREEMAN AND COMPANY New York Preface xiv 30 WHAT IF... Earth's Axis

More information

FCAT Review Space Science

FCAT Review Space Science FCAT Review Space Science The Law of Universal Gravitation The law of universal gravitation states that ALL matter in the universe attracts each other. Gravity is greatly impacted by both mass and distance

More information

Astronomy Final Exam Study Guide

Astronomy Final Exam Study Guide Astronomy Final Exam Study Guide 1. Daily motion is diurnal. Yearly motion is annual. 2. The Celestial equator lies directly above the Earth s equator. The Celestial North Pole lies directly above the

More information

4 A(n) is a small, rocky object that orbits the sun; many of these objects are located in a band between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

4 A(n) is a small, rocky object that orbits the sun; many of these objects are located in a band between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Name Vocabulary Fill in the blank with the term that best completes the sentence., 6.11B 1 is the process in which energy is released as the nuclei of small atoms combine to form a larger nucleus., 6.11B

More information

Lunar Eclipse. Solar Eclipse

Lunar Eclipse. Solar Eclipse Lunar Eclipse SUN Moon Solar Eclipse SUN SUN Moon Total solar eclipse Partial solar eclipse Moon Phases What does the moon look like from at each position? G H F A E B D C SUNLIGHT Refracting Telescopes

More information

Paper Reference. Tuesday 14 June 2005 Morning Time: 2 hours

Paper Reference. Tuesday 14 June 2005 Morning Time: 2 hours Centre No. Candidate No. Paper Reference(s) 1627/01 Edexcel GCSE Astronomy Paper 01 Tuesday 14 June 2005 Morning Time: 2 hours Materials required for examination Nil Items included with question papers

More information

Earth Space Systems. Semester 1 Exam. Astronomy Vocabulary

Earth Space Systems. Semester 1 Exam. Astronomy Vocabulary Earth Space Systems Semester 1 Exam Astronomy Vocabulary Astronomical Unit- Aurora- Big Bang- Black Hole- 1AU is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun (93 million miles). This unit of measurement

More information

2. Very generally, describe how the Milky Way Galaxy formed. (Words or labeled picture)

2. Very generally, describe how the Milky Way Galaxy formed. (Words or labeled picture) Potter Name: Date: Hour: Score: /11 Learning Check 2.1 LT 2.1 Galaxy Formation: I am able to describe the formation of the Milky Way Galaxy and our solar system and model earth s position in each. 1. Label

More information

Unit 1: The Earth in the Universe

Unit 1: The Earth in the Universe Unit 1: The Earth in the Universe 1. The Universe 1.1. First ideas about the Universe 1.2. Components and origin 1.3. Sizes and distances 2. The Solar System 3. The planet Earth 3.1. Movements of the Earth

More information

OPTION E, ASTROPHYSICS TEST REVIEW

OPTION E, ASTROPHYSICS TEST REVIEW IB PHYSICS Name: DEVIL PHYSICS Period: Date: # Marks: XX Raw Score: IB Curve: BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS OPTION E, ASTROPHYSICS TEST REVIEW S1. This question is about the nature of certain stars on the Hertzsprung-Russell

More information

Universe Review. 3. The light emitted from a star is studied by astronomers to determine which of the following properties?

Universe Review. 3. The light emitted from a star is studied by astronomers to determine which of the following properties? Name: Universe Review Period: 1. Which type of telescope uses mirrors to focus visible light? A. reflecting telescope B. radio telescope C. infrared telescope D. refracting telescope 2. Which type of telescope

More information

~15 GA. (Giga Annum: Billion Years) today

~15 GA. (Giga Annum: Billion Years) today ~15 GA (Giga Annum: Billion Years) today ~ 300,000 years after the Big Bang The first map of the Universe. Not homogeneous. Cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy. First detected by the COBE DMR

More information

Astronomy Part 1 Regents Questions

Astronomy Part 1 Regents Questions Regents Questions 1. The Sun revolves around the center of A) Polaris B) Aldebaran C) Earth D) the Milky Way Galaxy 4. In which sequence are the items listed from least total mass to greatest total mass?

More information

Paper Reference. Paper Reference(s) 1627/01 Edexcel GCSE Astronomy Paper 01. Friday 15 May 2009 Morning Time: 2 hours

Paper Reference. Paper Reference(s) 1627/01 Edexcel GCSE Astronomy Paper 01. Friday 15 May 2009 Morning Time: 2 hours Centre No. Candidate No. Paper Reference(s) 1627/01 Edexcel GCSE Astronomy Paper 01 Friday 15 May 2009 Morning Time: 2 hours Materials required for examination Calculator Items included with question papers

More information

Joy of Science Experience the evolution of the Universe, Earth and Life

Joy of Science Experience the evolution of the Universe, Earth and Life Joy of Science Experience the evolution of the Universe, Earth and Life Review of last class Introduction to Astronomy Contents of today s lecture Quiz time Review Review 1 n Science is a way of producing

More information

Glossary. Annular solar eclipse: a solar eclipse in which the solar photosphere appears around the edge of the moon in a bright ring.

Glossary. Annular solar eclipse: a solar eclipse in which the solar photosphere appears around the edge of the moon in a bright ring. Glossary Annular solar eclipse: a solar eclipse in which the solar photosphere appears around the edge of the moon in a bright ring. Asteroid: one of the countless chunks of rock that orbit the sun mostly

More information

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

The Electromagnetic Spectrum The Electromagnetic Spectrum Three Kinds of Spectra Sun: The Nearest Star Radius 696,000 km 109 Re Mass 2 x 10^30 kg 300,000 Me Density 1400 kg/m^3 Luminosity 3.8x10^26 Watts (board calc.) Comp. 70% H,

More information

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL TAPI

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL TAPI Astronomy Quiz 1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Among all of the listed planets which one is not a Jovian planet? a. Earth b. Jupiter c. Neptune d. Saturn 2. The day on which the Sun s direct rays cross

More information

TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION

TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION (The Universe) A. THE UNIVERSE: The universe encompasses all matter in existence. According to the Big Bang Theory, the universe was formed 10-20 billion years ago from a

More information

2. The distance between the Sun and the next closest star, Proxima Centuari, is MOST accurately measured in

2. The distance between the Sun and the next closest star, Proxima Centuari, is MOST accurately measured in Name: Date: 1. Some scientists study the revolution of the Moon very closely and have recently suggested that the Moon is gradually moving away from Earth. Which statement below would be a prediction of

More information

Greeks watched the stars move across the sky and noticed five stars that wandered around and did not follow the paths of the normal stars.

Greeks watched the stars move across the sky and noticed five stars that wandered around and did not follow the paths of the normal stars. Chapter 23 Our Solar System Our Solar System Historical Astronomy Wandering Stars Greeks watched the stars move across the sky and noticed five stars that wandered around and did not follow the paths of

More information

A star is a massive sphere of gases with a core like a thermonuclear reactor. They are the most common celestial bodies in the universe are stars.

A star is a massive sphere of gases with a core like a thermonuclear reactor. They are the most common celestial bodies in the universe are stars. A star is a massive sphere of gases with a core like a thermonuclear reactor. They are the most common celestial bodies in the universe are stars. They radiate energy (electromagnetic radiation) from a

More information

Astronomy 103: First Exam

Astronomy 103: First Exam Name: Astronomy 103: First Exam Stephen Lepp October 27, 2010 Each question is worth 2 points. Write your name on this exam and on the scantron. 1 Short Answer A. What is the largest of the terrestrial

More information

Astronomy 1143 Final Exam Review Answers

Astronomy 1143 Final Exam Review Answers Astronomy 1143 Final Exam Review Answers Prof. Pradhan April 24, 2015 What is Science? 1. Explain the difference between astronomy and astrology. 2. What number is the metric system based around? What

More information

Brock University. Test 1, January, 2015 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: January 29, 2015

Brock University. Test 1, January, 2015 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: January 29, 2015 Brock University Test 1, January, 2015 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: January 29, 2015 Number of hours: 50 min Time of Examination: 18:00 15:50 Instructor:

More information

1UNIT. The Universe. What do you remember? Key language. Content objectives

1UNIT. The Universe. What do you remember? Key language. Content objectives 1UNIT The Universe What do you remember? What are the points of light in this photo? What is the difference between a star and a planet? a moon and a comet? Content objectives In this unit, you will Learn

More information

Chapter 23. Our Solar System

Chapter 23. Our Solar System Chapter 23 Our Solar System Our Solar System 1 Historical Astronomy Wandering Stars Greeks watched the stars move across the sky and noticed five stars that wandered around and did not follow the paths

More information

MENTAL ABILITY. 6. If March is to August, then C is to Fill in the blank spaces in the series with appropriate choices:

MENTAL ABILITY. 6. If March is to August, then C is to Fill in the blank spaces in the series with appropriate choices: MENTAL ABILITY 1. Complete the series: 6. If March is to August, then C is to... 1, 3, 10, 1, 64, 19,?, 777 (1) 356 () 59 (3)* 388 (4) 144. Write the number of the pair, the words of which do not have

More information

Astronomy Stars, Galaxies and Cosmology Exam 3. Please PRINT full name

Astronomy Stars, Galaxies and Cosmology Exam 3. Please PRINT full name Astronomy 132 - Stars, Galaxies and Cosmology Exam 3 Please PRINT full name Also, please sign the honor code: I have neither given nor have I received help on this exam The following exam is intended to

More information

The Solar System. Sun. Rotates and revolves around the Milky Way galaxy at such a slow pace that we do not notice any effects.

The Solar System. Sun. Rotates and revolves around the Milky Way galaxy at such a slow pace that we do not notice any effects. The Solar System Sun Center of the solar system About 150,000,000 km from the Earth An averaged sized, yellow star Spherical in shape due to gravity Made of about ¾ hydrogen and ¼ helium, both of which

More information