ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICA

Transcription

1 ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICA Vol. 32 No. 14 Jul DOI /stxb Ye L Yang S Y Liu M Zhu X M Wang Y. Effects of water temperature and body weight on metabolic rates of Yellowtail clownfish Amphiprion clarkii Pisces Perciformes during larval development. Acta Ecologica Sinica * R = aw b b R R = ± W ± e ± T E R = ± W ± e ± T Q O /N Effects of water temperature and body weight on metabolic rates of Yellowtail clownfish Amphiprion clarkii Pisces Perciformes during larval development YE Le 1 2 YANG Shengyun 2 LIU Min 2 ZHU Xiaoming 2 * WANG Yu 1 1 Tropical Fisheries Research and Development Center South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Sanya China 2 College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China Abstract The clownfishes or sea anemonefishes of the genus Amphiprion and Premnas with approximately 30 species belong to the Subfamily Amphiprioninae the Family Pomacentridae. Many clownfishes are popular in the tropical marine ornamental fish trade. In recent years the clownfishes remain the Ranking One in the trade based on the estimated annual amount of individuals sold. Hatchery-based larviculture and grow-out of clownfishes have been developed in several countries. In China at least six species can be hatchery-produced and grown up to marketable sizes of 3 5 cm total length including Yellowtail clownfish A. clarkii Tomato clownfish A. frenatus Orange clownfish A. percula Pink Skunk Clownfish A. perideraion Saddleback clownfish A. polymnus and Maroon Clownfish P. biaculeatus. Metabolic rate indicates the efficiency of food and energy intake conversion and allocation and is influenced by fish body condition and environmental factors. Respiration and excretion are the two main components of metabolism. Respiration rate can be calculated through the measurement of total oxygen consumption and excretion rate can be calculated through the measurement of total ammonia nitrogen excretion. Based on the oxygen /nitrogen ratio the energy ZDXM ZD * Corresponding author. zxm@ xmu. edu. cn

2 sources that fish utilized mainly for somatic growth can be determined. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of water temperature and body weight on respiration and excretion of Yellowtail clownfish Amphiprion clarkii during its larval development from newly-hatched to the complement of metamorphosis. Larvae were reared at three water temperatures of and 29 "C in captivity. Individual respiration rate R R μg O 2 ind -1 h -1 and individual total ammonia nitrogen excretion rate E R μg N ind -1 h -1 of A. clarkii were measured respectively. The results showed that R R and E R increased with body weight W mg as a power function of R = aw b at all three water temperatures. The b-values were and for R R and and for E R at and 29 "C respectively. R R and E R at 29 "C were significantly higher than those at 23 and 26 "C P< Multiple regression analyses showed the variability in the integrated effects of temperature T "C and W on R R and E R R R = W e T and E R = W e T. At the same water temperature both respiration rate per body weight R R ' μg O 2 mg -1 h -1 and total ammonia nitrogen excretion rate per body weight E R ' μg N mg -1 h -1 in larvae of A. clarkii decreased with the increase of W. With the increase of water temperature R R ' and E R ' increased. R R ' and E R ' at 29 "C were significantly higher than those at 23 and 26 "C P< The oxygen /nitrogen ratios O /N in larvae of A. clarkii were around at all three water temperatures and showed no difference P>0. 05 indicating that the main energy sources for larval development are protein fat and carbohydrate. High temperature effects Q 10 for both respiration and excretion were found over the water temperature range of "C with and respectively. Low Q 10 for respiration was found at "C with a value of and low Q 10 for excretion was found at "C with a value of This study reveals that the optimal water temperature for larval development of A. clarkii lies between 26 and 29 "C. Key Words Amphiprion clarkii body weight larvae respiration rate routine nitrogen excretion rate temperature Amphiprion clarkii Pomacentridae O /N ph mm 26

3 L 1 24 h h ± % 50% 50% 100% lx 6 mm 5 10 /ml % 30% / h ml ± lx 12 L 12 D h L 6D YSI 550A 4 GB Rate of routine respiration R R Rate of total ammonia nitrogen excretion E R 75% Total length L T ±0. 01 mm Body weight W ±0. 1 mg d d d d Melanogrammus aeglefinus Respiration rate R R R R = C DO0 -C DO0 S DO -C DOt V / t R R ' = R R /W R R μgo 2-1 h -1 R R ' μgo 2 mg -1 h -1 C DO0 C DOt t μgo 2 L -1 S DO S DO = C DO0' -C Dot' /C DO 0' C DO 0 ' C Dot' t V L W mg t Total ammonia nitrogen excretion rate E R E R = C Nt -C N0 S N -C N0 V / t E R ' = E R /W E R μgn -1 h -1 E R ' μgn mg -1 h -1 C N0 C Nt

4 t μgn /L S N S N S DO V L W mg t Q 10 Q 10 = R 2 /R 1 10 / T 2 -T 1 R 1 R 2 T 1 T 2 Table 1 1 Larvae of Amphiprion clarkii reared at and 29 for metabolic trials on respiration and total ammonia nitrogen excretion Temperature / Day post hatch /d Total length /mm Body weight /mg Number of fish Total number of in chamber fish for trails ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Excel SPSS13. 0 ANOVA Duncan's P < P < SPSS13. 0 Excel L T = ax+b X a b a a W = ae bx W X a b b b R = aw b b b a b L T

5 R R = ± W ± ± T e n = 108 r 2 = P< ±SE R R μgo 2-1 h -1 W mg T 2 1 Fig. 2 The relationship of body weight W mg and age X Fig. 1 The relationship of total length L T mm and age X days post-hatch of larval Amphiprion clarkii reared at and days post-hatch of larval Amphiprion clarkii reared at and W = 6708e X n = 36 r 2 = F L T = X n = 36 r 2 = F 5 30 = P < L T = X n = 36 r 2 = F 5 30 = P < L T = X n = 36 r 2 = F 5 30 = P< = P< W = e X n = 36 r 2 = F 5 30 = P< W = e X n = 36 r 2 = F 5 30 = P< R = aw b b b a b Fig. 4 The relationship of mean routine total ammonia nitrogen Fig. 3 The relationship of mean routine respiration rate per excretion rate per individual E R μgn ind. -1 h -1 and body individual R R μgo 2 ind -1 h -1 and body weight W mg for larvae of Amphiprion clarkii reared at and R R = W r 2 = F 5 30 weight W mg for larvae of Amphiprion clarkii reared at and E R = W r 2 = F 5 30 = P< R R = W r 2 = F 5 30 = P< R R = W r 2 = F 5 30 = P<0. 05 = P< E R = W r 2 = F 5 30 = P< E R = W r 2 = F 5 30 = P<0. 001

6 E R = ± W ± ± T e n = 108 r 2 = P< ±SE E R μgn -1 h -1 W mg T 56 F = P< F = P< O /N F = P> Q Fig. 5 The relationship of mean routine respiration rate per Fig. 6 The relationship of mean routine total ammonia nitrogen weight unit and body weight for larvae of Amphiprion clarkii reared at and 29 excretion rate per weight unit and body weight for larvae of Amphiprion clarkii reared at and 29 2 Table 2 Respiration rate total ammonia nitrogen excretion rate and O /N ratio of larval Amphiprion clarkii reared at and 29 Temperature / Body weight /mg Respiration rate / μgo 2 mg -1 h -1 Total ammonia nitrogen excretion rate / μgn mg -1 h -1 O /N ratio ± a ± a ±1. 88 a ± b ± b ±2. 39 a ± c ± c ±1. 83 a * P< Q 10 Table 3 Q 10 values of routine respiration O 2 consumption and total ammonia nitrogen excretion of larval Amphiprion clarkii reared at and 29 Temperature / Body weight / mg Respiration Q 10 Excretion * Q 10 = R 2 /R 1 10 / T 2 -T 1 R 1 R 2 T 1 T

7 R = aw b a b b b b b b 1 b b ± ± R R = aw b a a a 18 a 29 a Q 10 Q 10 Q Q 10 Q Q 10 Q 10 4 Q Q

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