Study on the feature of surface rupture zone of the west of Kunlunshan pass earthquake ( M S 811) with high spatial resolution satellite images

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1 CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS Vol. 48, No. 2 Mar., 2005,,. M S 811.,2005,48 (2) : Shan X J, Li J H, Ma C. Study on the feature of surface rupture zone of the West of Kunlunshan Pass earthquake (M S 811) with high spatial resolution satellite images. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2005, 48 (2) : M S 811,,,, ,10m SPOT, 1m IKONOS., 811,. 350km, 3, 100., mmΠa, AA. 718m, 1250m, E,35 47 N,. SPOT, IKONOS,,, (2005) P , Study on the feature of surface rupture zone of the west of Kunlunshan pass earthquake ( M S 811) with high spatial resolution satellite images SHAN Xin2Jian, LI Jian2Hua, MA Chao State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing , China Abstract On November 14, 2001, a M S = 811 earthquake occurred in the west of Kunlunshan pass. High spatial resolution satellite images are used to study the earthquake surface rupture zone. By means of 10m spatial resolution SPOT images the major rupture zone can be revealed distinctly, meanwhile, 1m spatial resolution IKONOS images display the fine structures and kinematical characteristics of the surface rupture of the earthquake. The result shows that the main rupture consisting of three sub2rupture zones is about 350km long on the east side of Bukadabanfeng peak and its strike is about 100 degrees. The surface rupture zone is located mainly in a graben zone and fault valleys consisting of flood mesa or the rear edge of flood mesa in the southern foot of Kunlunshan and is superimposed on a pre2existing fault. A series of dongas and valleys cut by the rupture show isochronous sinistral strike slip, the slip rate is mmΠa on an average that belongs to AA activity level. The maximum sinistral horizontal dislocation is 718m and the maximum rupture zone width is 1250m. The macroscopic epicenter lies in E,35 47 N on the surface rupture zone nearby Yuxifeng peak. Keywords SPOT images, IKONOS images, The earthquake rupture zone, High spatial resolution, The west of Kunlunshan pass ( ) (2002DIA10001).,,1966,,, INSAR GIS. E2mail

2 322 (Chinese J. Geophys. ) , 811, ,. [1 3 ],.,, NWW. N, S, 55 85, 1000km. [4 7 ].,.,, [8 ] , , , , [9 ]., 13000a, 12 [8 ]. 811, [10 14 ]. 4500m,,, km, 26km. SPOT HRV 5m, 10m km 2 SPOT 10m ( E, N) ,.,,, IKONOS, 1m. 8 IKONOS, ,,. IKONOS,, ;,.,,, SPOT 5000 IKONOS,, ,, ( E N ), ( E, N), 100, 107km ( 1). [12 16 ]. SPOT., IKONOS E, 100m. 1 The earthquake surface rupture zone ; 2 The macroscopic epicenter Fig. 1 The surface rupture zone of the M S = 811 earthquake occurred in the West of Kunlunshan Pass E, N E, N ( a2a ). SPOT,,,,, 3 ( 2 (a1) ).,25000, 5m, 015m m 13310m. 3km,, -

3 2 : M S [8 ] mmΠa, AA [15 ]. 2 SPOT (a) IKONOS (b) (a1) ( a2a ),,, ; (a2) 2002 ( b2b ),, ; (a3) 1997, 811 ( c2c ) ; (a4), (d2d ) ; (b1) (e2e ) ; (b2) ( f2f ),B 718m ; (b3) B C ( g2g ) D ; (b4) B, C D ( h2h ). Fig. 2 SPOT images (a) and IKONOS images (b) (a1) Displaying a flat2straight fault ( a2a ) forming the rupture zone of eastern Kunlunshan ; The surface rupture zone coincides with the fault ; A series of dongas and valleys cut by the rupture show isochronous deformation and display a sinistral strike slip ; (a2) Displaying a surface rupture zone ( b2b ) from the image taken in 2002 ; a series of dongas and runways running out the rupture underwent isochronous distortion and display a sinistral strike slip ; (a3) The image was taken in 19971Displaying the pre2existing surface rupture zone ( c2c ) ; (a4) Reflecting the rupture zone figure by the linear image ( d2d ) in the joint of distinct different terrains ; (b1) Displaying the surface rupture zone ( e2e ) consisting of shear crack and tensile crack ; (b2) Displaying a dislocation physiognomy formed by the rupture zone ( f2f ) ; The maximum sinistral horizontal dislocation is 718m ; (b3) The surface rupture zones consisting of shear cracks and tension cracks and tension shearing cracks ( g2g ) ; (b4) The surface rupture zone ( h2h ), being made up of shear cracks and tension cracks and tension shearing cracks, coincides with the eastern Kunlunshan fault E, N E, N ( e2e ). IKONOS,, ,, 2m. 2611m, ( 2 ( b1) ).,., E, N E, N ( b2b ). SPOT

4 324 (Chinese J. Geophys. ) 48,,,, 95 ( 2 (a2) ). 1km. 1,2,3 8, 8015, 6710, m. 811,., 1km, 5, [8 ], mmΠa, AA [15 ],,, 3816mmΠa 36 [16 18 ] SPOT, , ( 2 (a3) ). 1,2,3 8, 7515, 6310, m., 1,2, ,410, m. 212 ( E, N), [19 ] [12 ]. SPOT IKONOS,, 2km ( E, N), 95, 114km. 1,, 6, 1250m.,,, SPOT, 92,, E, N E, N,, 10km,, 612km SPOT, 811,,.. IKONOS, E, N E, N,, 100, 5,, 1250m,. IKONOS, E, N E, N (f2f ),, ( 2 (b2) )., E, N, 100m 500m B C 711m 718m. IKONOS ( E, N), ( E, N), 100, 124km.,.,,.,, E,, E. IKONOS, E, N, 2m,, 100m. 95, 100m 411m E, N,, E, N,,. 9km.,.. IKONOS, E, N E, N ( g2g ),, 100, (B), 60, (C), m (D), (D) 512m, ( 2 (b3) ). SPOT, E, N E, N ( d2d ),

5 2 : M S ,, 100,,., m ( 2 (a4) ). IKONOS, E, N E, N ( h2h, SPOT ), (B) (C), 4 ( 2 (b4) ). 3 (1) 10m SPOT ;1m IKONOS,.,,,,,. (2)1999 SPOT, ,,,.. (3),, mmΠa, AA. (4) 811, N,92 45 E ; N,90 54 E ; N, E, 200km. IKONOS, E,35 47 N, 718m, 1250m,,, 811. [19] E,35 48 N.. (References) [ 1 ], , 1981, 3(3) : Li L H, Jia Y H. Characteristics of deformation band of the 1937 Tuosuohu earthquake ( M = 715 ) in Qinghai. Northwestern Seismological Journal (in Chinese),1981, 3 (3) : [ 2 ],,.., 1988, 4 (1) : Xiao Z M, Liu G X, Wang H Z, et al. A Preliminary study on the seismic deformation zone at Huashixia in Qinghai province. Earthquake Research in China (in Chinese), 1988, 4 (1) : [ 3 ],,.., 1993, 15(3) : Ren J W, Wang Y P, Wu Z M, et al. Holocene earthquake deformation zones and their displacement and slip rate along the Xidatan2Dongdatan of the Kusaihu2Maqu in northern Qinghai2 Xizang. Seismology and Geology ( in Chinese), 1993, 15 ( 3) : [ 4 ].., 1980, 2(1) : Li C Y. A preliminary study of plate tectonics of China. Chinese Acad. Bulletin Geol. Sci. (in Chinese), 1980, 2 (1) : [ 5 ].., 1984, 9 : 5 18 Huang J Q. New researches on the tectonic characteristics of China. Bulletin Chinese Acad. Geol. Sci. (in Chinese), 1984, 9 : 5 18 [ 6 ],,.. :, 1988 Xiao X C, Li T D, Li G C, et al. Tectonic Evolution of the Crust2 upper Mantle of the Qinhai2Xizang ( Tibet) Plateau General Review (in Chinese). Beijing : Geological Publishing House, 1988 [ 7 ],,.., 1996, 39 (5) : Teng J W, Zhang Z J, Yang D H, et al. The study of geophysical criterion for dividing terrenes in Qinghai2Xizang plateau. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 1996, 39(5) : , [ 8 ],.. :, 1999 Seismological Bureau of Qinghai Province, Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration. The Active East Kunlun Fault Zone ( in Chinese ). Beijing : Seismological Press, 1999 [ 9 ].., 1998, 20(3) : Li J H. A study on fault activity of Qiangtang and its neighboring areas in Xizang ( Tibet) by using Landsat images. Geology (in Chinese), 1998, 20 (3) : Seismology and [10],,. 811., 2002, 14(1) : Wang Z J, Dang GM, Zhang R B, et al. Styles and characteristics of the surface rupture of the west Kunlun mountains earthquake with M S 8111 Earthquake Research in Plateau ( in Chinese), 2002, 14 (1) : [11],,. ( M S 811)., 2002, 24(1) : 1 13

6 326 (Chinese J. Geophys. ) 48 Xu X W, Chen W B, Yu G H, et al. Characteristic features of the surface ruptures of the Hoh Sai Hu ( Kunlunshan) earthquake ( M S 811), northern Tibet Plateau, China. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2002, 24 (1) : 1 13 [12],, , 23 (6) : Chen J, Chen Y K, Ding G Y, et al. Surface rupture zones of the 2001 earthquake M S 811 west of Kunlun pass, Northern Qinghai2 Xizang plateau. Quaternary Sciences (in Chinese), 2003, 23 (6) : [13] Lin A, Fu B, Guo J, et al. Co2seismic strike2slip and rupture length produced by the 2001 M S 811 Central Kunlun earthquake. Science, 2002, 296 : [14] Xu X, Chen W, Ma W, et al. Surface rupture of the Kunlun earthquake ( M S 811 ), North Tibet an Plateau, China. Seismological Research Letter, 2002, 73 (6) : [15].. : Japanese Active Fault Research Society. Japanese Active Fault Distribution Map. Tokyo : University of Tokyo Press [16],,. 2., 1991, 34(5) : Wu GJ, Gao R, Yu Q F, et al. Integrated investigations of the Qinghai2Tibet plateau along the Yadong2Golmud geosciences transects. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 1991, 34 (5) : [17],,. -., 1998, 41 (1) : Zeng R S, Ding Z F, Wu Q J. The crustal structures from Himalaya to Qilian and its implications for continent2continent collision process. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 1998, 41 (1) : [18],,. GPS., 1998, 41(4) : Liu J N, Xu C J, Song C H, et al. Study of the crustal movement in the middle east region Qinghai2Xizang plateau with GPS measurements. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 1998, 41(4) : [19] :, 2003 China Earthquake Administration. Album of the West Kunlun Pass M S 811 Earthquake ( in Chinese). Beijing : Seismological Press, 2003

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