On the a ssessm en t standards for nutr ition sta tus in the Three Gorge Reservo ir

Transcription

1 Acta Scientiae Circum stantiae Vol. 26, No. 6 Jun., 2006,,, [ J ]., 26 (6) : Zheng B H, Zhang Y, Fu G, et al On the assessment standards for nutrition status in the Three Gorge Reservoir [ J ]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 26 (6) : ,,,, : : : :30,,,,, 3., a, 2,,,,.,,,,.,,,. : ; ; ; ; : (2006) : X824 : A On the a ssessm en t standards for nutr ition sta tus in the Three Gorge Reservo ir ZHENG B inghui 3, ZHANG Yuan, FU Guo, L IU Hongliang R iver and Coastal Environmental Research Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing Received 17 August 2005; received in revised form 23 Ap ril 2006; accepted 24 Ap ril 2006 Abstract: It is a challenge to determ ine the assessment standards for nutrition status for environmental management and protection of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Monthly resident time and mean flow speed were simulated with 30 years hydrological data using an one2dimention hydrodynam ics model. Sensitivity indice to eutrophication were calculated from p robability statistics of resident time and flow speed. The Three Gorges Reservoir was zoned to river type regions, transitional type regions and lake type regions according to the sensitivity indices. W ith to analysis of nutrition indicator statistics, regressive relationship between nutrition index and nutrient concentration, and threshold values of nutrition status indicators, grading standards for nutrition status indicators were determ ined synthetically for transitional type and lake type regions in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Nutrition index approach is applied to assess nutrition status in different type of regions with the standards p roposed. The rationality of the standards and its weighting factors were examined. The relationship between nutrition index and density of phytop lankton were analyzed for verification of standards system and assessment method. Results indicate that the sensitivity increases from the up stream to the downstrem of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The reach upper Yinxingtuo of Yangze R iver is river type region, and the reach from Yinxingtuo to the dam belongs to transition type. Tributaries lower Fengdu County belongs to lake type. Standard values for nutrition index assessment in transition type and lake type regionswere set for the Three Gorge Reservoir. It is concluded that the nutrition status closely related to density of phytop lankton. Nutrition level in lake type region is higher than that in transition region, which is consistent with actual situation of the reservoir. Keywords: eutrophication; standard; assessment methods; the Three Gorge Reservoir; sensitivity zoning,,, (, 2003),, : (No. 2003BA614A204) ; (No. 2002AA ) Supported by the National Tenth2Five Key Technology Program (No. 2003BA614A204) and the H i2 tech Research and Development Program of China (No. 2002AA ) : (1963 ),, (), E2mail: zhengbh@craes. org. cn, Tel: ; 3 ( ) B iography: ZHENG B inghui (1963 ), male, p rofessor ( Ph. D. ), E2mail: zhengbh@craes. org. cn, Tel: ; 3 Correspond ing author

2 6 : 1023,, (, 2002).,,.,.,,,,,,.,, (, 2006),,,. 1 ( The Three Gorges Reservoir and surveys) , ,,, 19, 5. 4 km 2., 17 19, ,.,, 660 km, m, 90 m, 1084 km 2 (, 1997). 139 m, 175 m 145 m 155 m. 393 m m m 3, 4292 m 3, 79% 6 10., 100 km 2 207,..,, 2 3 m s - 1, , m s - 1, m s - 1,1 /10.,, TP mg L - 1, TN mg L - 1., 1 Fig. 1 R iver courses of the Three Gorges Reservoir

3 , (, 2003) ()., 24, 8, 16 (,). 3,144. (0. 5 m ). YSI26600 (ph) ( E h ) (DO ). TP TN COD M n Chl2a,, (). (ADCP),. (, 1990). 2( Zone of sensitivity to eutrophication of the reservoir), ( 2006),, ,,. 29,, 23, 6.. (1) 30, ;,,.,( 1). 5%, 5% 95%( 20 ). P =m / ( n + 1) (1), m ( ), P m, n ( ). (2) m,,,.,,. (3) ,. (4), ( 2),. T r =V /Q (2), T r ( d ) ; Q (m 3 d - 1 ) ; V (m 3 ). (5) (, 2006), ,,, ;,2,,., , ( 1)., ;,,.,,,,.

4 6 : Table 1 Zone of sensitivity to eutrophication in the Three Gorges Reservoir ( T p ) (U p ) ( I RL ) ( Standard values of nutrition indices),,. 3. 1, TP TN a, 42, 78, ( 2).

5 Table 2 Probability of nutrient indices in the Three Gorges Reservoir a 3 a 3 / (mg L - 1 ) / (mg L - 1 ) / ( g L - 1 ) /m / (mg L - 1 ) / (mg L - 1 ) / ( g L - 1 ) /m 25% % % a , a Loess( 3). 3 a Table 3 Regression of chlorophyll a with total phosphorus, total nitrogen and Secchi dep th a a = lnb R 2 = n = 78 = lnc R 2 = n = 78 a = lnd R 2 = n = 39 = lnb R 2 = n = 42 = lnb R 2 = n = 42 = lnd R 2 = n = ; A chla, B, C, D. a,,,,, a,., a TP TN, ( 4)., a,.,,. 4a Table 4 Nutrient standard values of lake type region based on regression of chlorophyll a and nutrients a / ( g L - 1 ) / (mg L - 1 ) / (mg L - 1 ) /m , ( 5)., mg L - 1, mg L - 1,a g L - 1.

6 6 : Table 5 Thresholds of nutrient indices in lake type region of the Three Gorges Reservoir in various periods of algae boom ing / (mg L - 1 ) / (mg L - 1 ) a / ( g L - 1 ) (( ) 10 4 L - 1 ) ( L - 1 ) , N /P., : ( 1) N /P 16 1, L - 1, TN mg L - 1,a g L - 1,,, TN a 0. 8 mg L g L - 1 ; ( 2) N /P 20 1,.,,TP mg L - 1, TN mg L - 1, mg L , 3, ( 6). TP TN,, ;a,,. 6 Table 6 A ssessment standards for nutrition status of the Three Gorges Reservoir / (mg L - 1 ) / (mg L - 1 ) a / ( g L - 1 ) /m / (mg L - 1 ) / (mg L - 1 ) a / ( g L - 1 ) /m (3 6 ) 4 ( Integral assessment of nutrition status and validation) 4. 1 a TP TN,., ( 3), (, 2006). I E, i = I E, i, l + C i - C i, l C i, h - C i, l ( I E, i, h - I E, i, l ) C i, l < C i C i, h (3), I E, i i; C i i; C i, l i C i ; I E, i, l i (7 ) ; C i, h ; I E, i, h

7 ( 7). 7 Table 7 Corelation of between nutrition index and nutrient grades ( I E, i ) ,, (H icrachical analysis),, (, 1999 ), (CR), CR = , CR = , ( 2006), , 8 Table 8 W eight factors for nutrient status indices of the Three Gorges Reservoir a , ( 9). 9 Table 9 Comparison of assessment of nutrient status of the Three Gorges Reservoir by various methods / (10 4 L - 1 ) ( I E ) ( TSI) 1 (4 km) (2 km) ( ) (1 km) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), ( ) 10 4 L - 1,,,.,

8 6 : 1029,,.,, 3,,, L - 1,,,,. ( 2),( I E )50,,60,,.,TP TN. 3),,.,,,. 4),,,,,. :W aterd ivision of ScottW ilson L td. References: 2 Fig. 2 Relation of algae density and integral nutrition index in the Three Gorges Reservoir 5(Conclusions) 1)30,,,,.,,. 2), a,.,., a He Z H A trophic classification of the lakes and reserviors in China [ J ]. Journal of Dalian Fisheries University, ( 1 ) : 1 10 ( in Chinese) Jin X C, Tu Q Y Lake eutrophication investigation standard (2nd edition ) [ M ]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, ( in Chinese) L i J X, L iao W G Main inducing factors of eutrophication in the Three Gorges Reservoir [ J ]. Science & Technology Review, (2) : ( in Chinese) L iu YM, Jia S F, Jiang L W, et al A study on the impact of the Three Gorges Reservoir on potential eutrophication in backwaters of tributaries of Chongqing section of Yangtze R iver [ J ]. Geographical Research, 22 (1) : ( in Chinese) State Environmental Protection Administration of China Monitor and analyticalmethod of water and wastewater (Revised ) [M ]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, ( in Chinese) Yangtze R iver Basin Committee Study on environmental impact of the Three Gorges engineering [M ]. W uhan: Hubei Sciences and Technology Press ( in Chinese) Ye M, Hong Y P, Peng S H, et al Analysis of eutrophication trend in the Three Gorges Reservoir [A ]. In: Huang Zhenli et al Environmental Hydraulic of China [ C ]. Beijing: China Hydraulic Engineering and W ater Power Press ( in Chinese) Zhang J, Zhang Z F, L iu SM, et al Human impacts on the large world rivers: Would the Changjiang ( Yangtze R iver ) be an illustration? [ J ] Global B iogeochem Cycles, 13: Zhang Y, Zheng B H, Fu G, et al. App roach of nutrition criteria

9 development for river - type reservoir based on eutrophication sensitivity regionalization [ J ]. Acta Scientiae Circum stantiae, 26 (6) : ( in Chinese) Zhu Y, Meng Z Y, Gan S Y Determ ination of W eight Value by AHP [ J ]. Journal of Northern Jiaotong University, 23 (5) : ( in Chinese) : [ J ]., (1) : 1 10, ( 2 ). :, , [ J ]., 2: 49 52,,, [ J ]., 22 (1) : ( 4 ). :, [M ]. :,,, [A ]. :. [ C ], :,,,. [ J ]., 26 (6) :,,., 23 (5) : [ J ] Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z H Z Z Z Z Z Z G Z Z Z Z Z027 Journal of Environmental Sciences Z : [M ]. :, 2005: 177