Identification of Rhizosphere Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Related Root Traits in Soybean [ Glycine max ( L. ) Merr. ]

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1 ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA Vol131, No19 pp Sept1, ,2 1, 3 1 Ξ ( 1,, , ) : ,,, P , 7 3 3, : : S565 Identification of Rhizosphere Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Related Root Traits in Soybean [ Glycine max ( L. ) Merr. ] LIU Ying 1,2, GAI Jun2Yi 1, 3, LΒ Hui2Neng 1 ( 1 Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/ National Center for Soybean Improvement/ National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing , Jiangsu 2 Hebei University of Engineering, Handan , Hebei, China) Abstract :Sixty two accessions of soybean [ Glycine max (L. ) Merr. ] selected from 301 representative entries from Huang2 Huai2Hai and Middle2Lower Yangtze Valleys according to their root performance were used to identify their tolerance to rhizosphere2abiotic stresses, including drought, aluminum toxin and low phosphorus. Tolerance to drought at seedling and reproductive stage was evaluated with mean membership index value averaged over those of plant height, number of leaves on main stem, dry root weight, and dry stem and leaf weight at seedling stage,as well as plant height, number of nodes on main stem, number of branches on main stem, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 1002seed weight, dry root weight, and dry stem and leaf weight at reproductive stage, respectively. Tolerance to aluminum toxin at seedling stage was evaluated with the same set of root traits as those for tolerance to drought at seedling stage. Tolerance to low phosphorus was evaluated through testing the P content in plants. Accessions with 1 abiotic stress tolerance were screened out, including four tolerant to drought at seedling stage, six tolerant to drought at reproductive stage, and among them two tolerant to drought at both stages seven tolerant to aluminum toxin at seedling stage, three tolerant to low phosphorus, and among them,two tolerant to both stresses at seedling stage. The mean membership index of drought tolerance was correlated with the relative values of total root length, root volume and dry root weight per plant significantly at the probability level, respectively the mean membership index of tolerance to aluminum toxin was correlated with the stressed to unstressed relative values of number of lateral roots, main root length, total root length, root volume and dry root weight and there was no root trait found to be correlated with tolerance to low phosphorus. Key words :Soybean [ Glycine max (L. ) Merr. ] Drought Aluminum toxin Low phosphorus Tolerance Identification Root trait related to stress tolerance : No. 3032D22CPR ( International Atomic Energy Agency Project No. 032D22CPR210815) 948 No (A) No : ( ),,,, 3 (Author for correspondence) : Tel : E2mail : edu. cn Received( ) : , Accepted( ) :

2 9 : 1133,, [1 5 1 ],, 1. 1, 301,,, [6,7 ] 62 (, 1), Table 1 1 Materials used in tests for tolerance to stresses Serial No. Material D A P Serial No. Material D A P Source Source 1 Shaanxi D A P 32 Hubei D A P 2 Shaanxi D A Hubei D A P 3 Shaanxi D A Hubei D 4 Shaanxi D 35 8 Hubei D A 5 Shanxi D A P Jiangsu D A 6 53 Shanxi D A 37 NG Jiangsu A 7 14 Shanxi D A P 38 Jiangsu A 8 16 Shanxi D 39 Jiangsu D A P 9 19 Shanxi D 40 Jiangsu D A P 10 Shanxi D 41 Jiangsu D A 11 1 Beijing D A P 42 Jiangsu D A Hebei D A Jiangsu D A P Hebei D A P Jiangsu D A Hebei D Jiangsu D A P 15 Hebei D A P Jiangsu D A 16 Hebei D A Jiangsu D A P 17 Hebei D 48 96B22 Jiangsu D A P 18 Shandong D A P 49 Jiangsu D A 19 Shandong D A P 50 Jiangsu D A Shandong D A P 51 1 Jiangsu D A P 21 1 Shandong D A P 52 Jiangxi D A 22 Shandong D A P 53 Jiangxi D A P 23 Henan D A P 54 Jiangxi D 24 Henan D A P 55 Jiangxi D A 25 Henan D A P 56 Shanghai D 26 Henan D A P 57 ( ) Shanghai D A P 27 Henan D A 58 Zhejiang D A 28 Anhui D A 59 Zhejiang D A P 29 Anhui D 60 Zhejiang D A P 30 Anhui D 61 Zhejiang D A P 31 Anhui D A P 62 PI USA A Note : D, A and P represent the materials used for evaluation of tolerance to drought, aluminum toxin and low phosphorus, respectively. 1. 2, , ml pot - 1 d - 1, 100 ml 25 cm 28 cm pot - 1 d - 1 (85 15),7 kg /, 18 d, ( ), (, 1, 2,3 ) ( ), AA

3 , h,80, (1 000 mol/ L) (0. 2 mol/ L) h, 3 d, K 2 SO mmol/ L KCl 0. 1 mmol/ L Ca (NO 3 ) 2 2 mmol/ L H 3 BO 3 1 mol/ L MnSO 4 1 mol/ L CuSO mol/ L,, ( NH 4 ) 5 Mo 7 O mol/ L ZnSO 4 10 mol/ L 10 d e2edta 10 mmol/ L 8 d, H 2 SO 4 2H 2 O 2 P i = X ij - X min X max - X min X ij i j 1 : > 0. 85, X max X min i 2 : i 3 : , 4 : : < : : : , 5 : 1 cm : :, Epson, WinRhizo 4 : : , 44 d ,2 1. 3, (1 ), ml/, 4 d 400 ml/ 1/ 5 Steteinburg [8 ], mol/ L,pH , , (1 ) ,

4 9 : 1135 Serial No. Table 2 2 Evaluation of indices and classes of tolerance to stresses for the materials tested Drought tolerance AL LP S R S S Average Ratio of Average P content Note : AL = aluminum toxin tolerance LP = low phosphorus tolerance S = seedling stage R = reproductive stage.

5 (1 ) 2. 4 ( ) (1 ) ( ) 1 ( ) ,, 2,,, 3,, 3,,,,,,,, , 4 1, Trait Table 3 3 Correlation among different tolerances Drought tolerance at seedling stage Drought tolerance at reproductive stage Aluminum toxin tolerance at seedling stage Drought tolerance at reproductive stage Aluminum toxin tolerance at seedling stage Low phosphorous tolerance at seedling stage : 3, Note : 3, 3 3 represent significant at and probability levels, respectively. The same below. Table Selected accessions with class 1 stress tolerance Stress tolerance Materia Code Source SD RD A P Maturity group 10 Shanxi Shanxi Shanxi Shaanxi Beijing Shaanxi Hebei Anhui Jiangxi Hubei Anhui Henan Shandong Shandong Shanghai :SD, RD, A, P Note: SD, RD, A and P represent drought tolerance at seedling stage, drought tolerance at reproductive stage, aluminum toxin tolerance, and low phosphorus tolerance, respectively.

6 9 : Table 5 Correlations between root traits and drought tolerance Year Dry root weight Total root length Root volume Dry root weight/ plant dry weight Total root length/ plant dry weight Root volume/ plant dry weight Table 6 Correlations between root traits and aluminum toxin tolerance Relative Relative Relative Relative Number of Tap root Total root Root Dry root Relative number of tap root total root dry root lateral roots length length volume weight root volume lateral roots length length weight [ ] [12 ], 15,,, References,, [2 ] Yan X2L ( ), Lu R2J (,, (in Chinese),, 90,, 4 pod development. ield Crops Research, 2004, 85 : , 3. 2, ( ),,, [10 ], [10 ], [1 ] Wright R J. Soil aluminum toxicity and plant growth. Communication of Soil Science and Plant Annual, 1989, 20 (15-16) : ). Genetic research on crop phosphor efficiency. Soil ( ), 1992, 24 : (in Chinese) [3 ] Yan X2L ( ), Zhang 2S( ). Plant Nutrition Genetics( ). Beijing : China Agriculture Press, [ 4 ] Carter T E Jr, Rufty T W, Kuo C G. Soybean plant introductions exhibiting drought and aluminum tolerance. In : Adaptation of ood Crops to Temperature and Water Stress : Proceedings of an International Symposium, Taiwan, August, [5 ] Liu L, Andersen M N, Jensen C R. Root signal controls pod growth in drought2stressed soybean during the critical, abortion2sensitive phase of [6 ] Hudak C M, Patterson R P. Root distribution and soil moisture depletion pattern of a drought2resistant soybean plant introduction. Journal, 1996, 88 : experiments. Euphytica, 1994, 76 :73-80 Agronomy [7 ] Sloane R J, Patterson R P, Carter T E. ield drought tolerance of soybean plant introduction. Crop Science, 1990, 30 : [8 ] oy C D, leming A L, Burns C R. Characterization of differential aluminum tolerance among varieties of wheat and barley. Soil Science Society of America Proceeding, 1967, 31 : [9 ] Liu Y ( ), Gai J2Y ( ). Identification of tolerance to aluminum toxin and inheritance of related root traits in soybeans [ Glycine max (L. ) Merr. ]. Soybean Science ( ), 2004, 23(3) : (in Chinese with English) [10 ] Sartain J B, Kamprath E J. Aluminum tolerance of soybean cultivars based on root elongation in solution culture compared with growth in acid soil. Agronomy Journal, 1998, 70 : [ 11 ] oy C D, Carter T EJr, Duke J A. Correlation on shoot and root growth and its role in selecting for aluminum tolerance in soybean. J Plant Nutr, 1993, 16 (2) : [12 ] Spehar C R. Aluminum tolerance of soybean genotypes in short term