EFFECTS OF ENDOPHYTE INFECTION ON THE GROWTH OF LOL IUM PERENN E L. UNDER D ROUGHT STRESS

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1 2002, 26 (5) Ξ Acta Phytoecologica Sinica 3 33 (, ), ( Lolium perenne L. ) ( Neotyphodium lolii),, ; ;, EFFECTS OF ENDOPHYTE INFECTION ON THE GROWTH OF LOL IUM PERENN E L. UNDER D ROUGHT STRESS LIANG Yu 3 CHEN Shi- Ping GAO Yu-Bao 33 and REN An- Zhi ( College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin , China) Abstract Endophytes are fungi that form inapparent infection within leaves and stems of healthy plants. En2 dophytes or endophytic fungi exist widely in the higher plants and are generally considered as mutual symbiotes to the host plants. The present study examined the association of an endophyte ( Neotyphodium lolii) with its host plant, Lolium perenne cv. Pinnacle. Both endophyte status and drought stress level were considered. En2 dophyte-free ( EF) plants were obtained by a mild heat treatment while endophyte- infected ( EI) plants were germinated directly. After transplantation and four weeks of growth in pots, EF and EI plants were subjected to drought stress of different water status in the soil ; soil moisture was maintained at 20 % to 40 %, 40 % to 60 %, 60 % to 80 %, and over 80 % of the field capacity. Leaf extension rate and tiller numbers were mea2 sured during drought stress, and biomass was determined after recovery stage. Our objective was to determine the influence of endophyte infection on growth characteristics and drought resistance of the host plants. Leaf extension of Lolium perenne shifted during drought stress, while no significant superiority was found in EI plants as compared with EF plants. The EI plants tended to produce more tillers than the EF plants dur2 ing drought stress. After severe stress and recovery stage, the EI populations had a significantly higher root/ shoot ratio than the EF populations, while there was no significant difference in total biomass between EI and EF populations. Our results indicated that endophyte infection might enhance the drought resistance of the host plant by enhancing its tiller production during drought stress and its photosynthate allocation to roots between stress periods. Key words Endophyte, Lolium perenne L., Drought stress, Leaf extension rate, Tiller number, Biomass, - -, 80 ( Carroll, 1988 ; Kalburtji & Mosjidis, 1993 ; Siegel,, 1993), (Clay, 1987 ; Hoveland, 1993) (Clay Ξ : : : ( G ) ( ) 3 :, Present address : Research Center for Biodiversity Conservation, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing ibcas. ac. cn 33 Author for correspondence edu. cn

2 & Holah, 1999), (Lolium perenne L. ) ( Endophyte Infected,, EI) ( Endophyte Free, EF),, 1. 3,, ( Lolium perenne L. ), 13 ( 2 cm), , ( Neoty2 ( ) phodium lolii) Pinnacle,, 85 % 1. 1 EI EF, (43 15 min, min, ), ;,, 1, : EI 60 %, EF 2 0 % EI EF cm, 21 cm, 3 cm 7. 2 kg (, :, > 80 % FC ( Field Capacity ) ;,80 % 60 % FC ;, 60 % 40 % FC ;,40 % 20 % FC,, FC, (15 cm) Fig. 1 Changes of environmental factors during drought stress 2 EI, 3 cm ) ( p = ), % 1 kg ( 1) 24,EI EF 12, ; EF, ( p ,0. 099), ( p = ) 46 d, EI EF :, EF EI (, EI 0 % 10 % 60 % 100 % ), EF, ( p, 4, ,0. 165,0. 067) ;,EF EI ( p = ) , EI EF

3 5 : 623 EI Control 1 (cm) Table 1 Cumulative leaf length of the marked plants during drought stress Mild stress Moderate stress Severe stress Mean ab b a ab ab EF ab a ab bc ab :, ( = 0. 05) Data are presented in the format of mean standard error ; same letter denotes non - significant difference while different letters denote a significant difference ( = 0. 05) ( 2 3 Table 2 and Table 3 are the same as Table 1) 2 Fig. 2 Change in leaf blade length of marked plants during drought stress ( 3, 4 The legends of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are the same as those of Fig. 2) 3 Logistic Fig. 3 Tiller number of the marked plants of perennial ryegrass during drought stress period and the fit curves of Logistic equation EF( 2) , ( 4) EI EF , EF, EI EF,,,, EI ( p = ) ; EF,,,EI EF, EI EF, EI ( p , ), ( p = ),, EF ; EF, ( 3) ( p ,0. 021),,EI, ; EF,EI EF, EI EF,,EI ( p < 0. 05) ( 2) EI EF ; EF, Logistic ( p = ,0. 001) : N = K/ (1 + e 2rt ), EI K

4 Table 2 Tiller number by the end of drought stress and parameters of Logistic fit curves Tiller number of marked plant by the end of drought stress EI EF Mean Mean Parameters of Logistic equation r K a ab a a a b bc b c c (g) Table 3 Biomass of population after a 4-month recover period (g) EI EF (DW) (DW) Under-ground biomass Above-ground biomass Roots/ shoots ratio ab b a a a a ab ab a b b a c c a ac b ab a bc a abc b b,1992 ;,1992), Latch (1985),EI EF Be2 lesky (1989), Accessions (, ),, 4 Accessions,EF Fig. 4 Increase of total tiller number during drought stress Belesky (1987), (Clone), ( p = ),, EI EF EI EF,,, EI EF EI EF ( p = ),, EI 3,EF 3. 1,EI, ( ), ( Hsiao et al., 1976 ;,1987 ;

5 5 : 625, EI ( ), ( 3), EI EF Chep lick (2000) 13,, Clay (1987), 10 14, EI EF, ; 6, EI EF Latch (1985) EI EF ; Belesky (1987) EI EF, EI, 5, 4 EI EF ; EI EF EF,1 EI EF, West ( 1993), , EI EF, 42 % 55 %,EF, EI EF, EI, EI EF : EI,, EI, EF EF,,, EF, EI EF,, 3. 3 (Siegel, 1993 ; Arachevaleta et al., 1989 ;, Clay, 1990 ; Bacon, 1993), Clay (1987),Bacon Siegel (1988) De Battista (1990a), 2001),, 12 (, 2001a), (,, 2001b) ( Elmi et al., 2000) 18 % 25 %, Porter (1985) ( Balansia epichloe), (IAA) De Battista (1990b), EF, (Amalric et al., 1999 ;, ( Neotyphodium coenophialum) IAA Latch (1985) Amalric, C., H. Sallanon, F. Monnet & A. Hitmi Gas ( GA) exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence in symbiotic and non- sym2, West (1993) biotic ryegrass under water stress. Photosynthetica, 37 : , , Arachevaleta, M., C. W. Bacon, C. S. Hoveland &D. E. Rad2 EI EF ciffe Effect of the tall fescue endophyte on plant response to environmental stress. Agronomy Journal, 81 : , Bacon, C. W. & M. R. Siegel Endophyte parasitism of Cunningham(1988) tall fescue. Journal of Production Agriculture, 1 :

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