Effects of nitrogen application rate on flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain growth and development of high2quality wheat

Transcription

1 2006,12(1) :49-55 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,,,, (, ) 3 :,, 8901 N kg/ hm 2, SN1391 N kg/ hm 2, 360 kg/ hm 2,,, ; ; : ; ; ; : S : A : X(2006) Effects of nitrogen application rate on flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain growth and development of high2quality wheat CAI Rui2guo, ZHANG Min, DAI Zhong2min, TIAN Lei, WANG Zhen2lin 3 ( Key Lab. of Wheat Physiology and Genetic Improvement, MOA, Shandong Provincinal Lab. of Crop Biology, Shandong Agric. Uni., Taian , China) Abstract : Using pool culture method, the effects of nitrogen rate on photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, kernel growing and developing characteristics as well as yield of two high2quality wheat cultivars were studied. The results indicated that the photosynthetic rate, sucrose content, starch content and kernel weight of strong2gluten wheat 8901 were getting lower with the increasing of N application rate in the range of N kg/ ha1 These indexes of weak gluten wheat SN1391 had a positive correlation with the N application rate in the range of N kg/ ha, but they decreased sharply when the N application rate increased to 360 kg/ ha1 In kg/ ha1 Chlorophyll content of both two gluten wheat culti2 vars went up along with the increasing of N application rate, while it declined if N application rate was excess( kg/ ha). The results also showed that photosynthetic rate was positively correlated with kernel weight, but the correlation between chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate was not statistically significant. Key words : high2quality wheat ; nitrogen rate ; photosynthesis rate ; grain growth [1 ],,, [2-4, ], : : : ( ) ; ( A) ; ( Y2001D12) : (1979 ),,,, 3

2 50 12,, 211,1, 21d ( a b ( Triticum aestivum L. ) 8901 ( ),,, N240 > N360 > N120 ; SN1391 ( ) 215m, 21d, 215m, 116m,, SN1391, a b,0 20cm 1123 %, %, ; mg/ kg, 2613 mg/ kg, 36 mg/ kg :, N 120kg/ hm 2 (N120) ;, N 240 kg/ hm 2 (N240) ;, N 360 kg/ hm 2 (N360) 3,3, 240kg/ hm 2, a b, ( ) ;,, 8901 N 46 % [7 ] Frederick J. R. [9 ] [10 ] P 2 O 5 75 kg/ hm 2,, P 2 O 5 14 % ; K 2 O 120 kg/ hm 2,, K 2 O 60 % , 25cm,, / hm 2, a b,,, 112 (Pn) d 2, Pn , 7d,0 14d ( Pn ), 100, ; 14d, 20,10,10 Pn ; 8901 SN % 4117 %, 20,, % SN1391 Pn : Arnon [5 ] [6 ], Pn 7d %, % 48 h, nm % 8901, UV - 160A : 8901, Pn, 5, 7d, N120 > N240 > N360, 9 : : 00 LI- COP LI SN kg/ hm 2, [7 ] ; Pn, [7 ] 2 ) a b,, 21d, a b, 8901,,,, 120kg/ hm kg/ hm 2,, SN , SN d Pn Pn, N240 > N120 > N360

3 1, : 51 1 a b Table 1 The effect of different nitrogen treatments on the contents of Chl a and Chl b of high2quality wheat flag leaf Days after anthesis (d) Item Variety Treatment a 8901 N ccd 2133 bab 2127 bcbc 2117 aa 0149 dd 0110 cdc Chl a N bbc 2149 aa 2143 aa 2120 aa 0138 ed 0115 cc (mg/ g, FW) N ABb 2136 bab 2133 abab 2115 Aa 0165 cc 0106 dc SN1391 N aa 2132 bb 2113 dc 2116 aa 1137 bb 0156 bb N cdcd 2129 bb 2120 cdbc 2110 aab 1132 bb 0153 bb N dd 2112 cc 2118 cdbc 1196 bb 1173 aa 0170 aa b 8901 N cc 0192 bb 0191 cbb 0184 cbc 0119 dcd 0105 cc Chl b N cbc 1101 aa 0199 aa 0192 aa 0115 dd 0102 cc (mg/ g, FW) N bb 0196 bab 0196 ABa 0188 bab 0125 cc 0106 cc SN1391 N aa 0196 bab 0188 bc 0186 bcb 0153 bb 0120 bab N bcbc 0193 bb 0191 cbc 0186 bcb 0149 bb 0119 bb N bcbc 0185 cc 0188 bc 0180 dc 0171 aa 0127 aa (Note) : 1 % 5 %, Mean followed by the different capital or small letters with2 in a column are significantly different at 1 % or 5 % levels, respectively ; the same as follows. 2 Table 2 The effect of different nitrogen treatments on the photosynthetic rate of high2quality wheat flag leaf Photosynthetic rate [ CO 2 mol/ (m 2 s) ] Cultivar Treament 0d 7d 14d 21d 28d 35d 8901 N aa aa aa ABa 4173 Dd 0139 Ee N bb bb bb 8123 Cc 4120 De 0168 Dd N dd dc bb 7110 Dd 3137 Ef 0163 Dd SN1391 N cc ed dd 9102 BCd 6156 Bb 2110 Bb N bb cc cc Aa 8103 Aa 4129 Aa N dd fe ee 8120 Cc 5170 Cc 1160 Cc kg/ hm , N240 > N120 > N360,,, 1, [ d, d, ], SN d,, UDPG, ( ), 1,, 7d,, 28d, 3 1, SN , 8901 ; SN kg/ hm , N120 >, 240 N240 > N360 SN1391, kg/ hm 2,

4 Fig. 1 Effect of N levels on sucrose content in flag leaf and grain of high2quality wheat,, ( 8901 ; ) SN1391 N240 > N120 > N , 8901 N %, 5 %, ( 3), 216 [13 ] 2, ( 3),, 7 14d,,, 35d, SN ,, 8901,,, 8901 ; 8901 N120 > N240 > N360 ;, SN1391 N240 > N120 > N360, ;, ;,, 215 SN1391, N240 > N360 > N120, N120 > 2, N360 > N240 ;, N240 > 7 14d N120 > N360, 1391, 28d

5 1, : 53 2 Fig. 2 Effect of N levels on starch content in grain and 10002grain weight of high2quality wheat 3 Table 3 Effect of N levels on yield and its structures of wheat Variety Treatment spike (No. / m 2 ) Kernels per spike (No. ) 10002kernel weight (g) Grain yield (g/ m 2 ) 8901 N dd 4910 aa 4015 cb dd N bb 4915 aa 3811 db aa N aa 4717 bb 3717 db aa SN1391 N ff 4915 aa 6015 aba ee N cc 4419 cc 6213 aa bb N ee 4715 bb 5918 ba cc , 1), ( 3),,,CO 2, [14 ] [15 ], Pn, SN1391, 120, CO kg/ hm 2 Pn, [15, ] Pn, ;, 8901, [8 Pn, ], Frederick J. R. [9 ] 2), [10 ] [10 ]

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