Numerical Data. Effect of copper on nutrients content (mg g 1 dry wt.) of radish (45th day) N P K Na Ca Mg

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1 Numerical Data Effect of copper on nutrients (mg g 1 dry wt.) of radish (45th day) Copper added in the soil N P K Na Ca Mg (mg kg 1 ) Control (+14.36) 6.97(+10.45) 52.09(+19.69) 2.11 (+24.11) (+17.84) 4.91 (+23.05) (22.59) 5.71 (-9.50) (-15.48) 1.39 (-18.23) (-9.66) 3.48 (-12.78) (27.34) 5.06 (-19.80) (-26.07) 1.28 (-24.70) (-17.84) 3.05 (-23.55) (35.76) 4.81 (-23.77) (-30.21) 1.16 (-31.76) (-19.05) 2.75 (-31.07) (44.67) 3.90 (-38.19) (-42.30) 1.10 (-35.29) (-21.23) 2.11 (-47.11) Average of five replications Per cent over control values are given in parentheses(2017) NPs [mg L-1] Germination Shoot length Root length Shoot biomass [g] Root biomass [g] [%] [mm] [mm] FM DM FM DM ± 3.97a 35.2 ± 6.36ab 48.4 ± 6.33a 0.64 ± 0.01a ± 0.05c ± 0.02c ± 0.01a ± 3.10ab 31.0 ± 1.22bc 45.8 ± 5.96a 0.64 ± 0.02a ± 0.03a ± 0.03c ± 0.02e ± 1.86bc 27.8 ± 1.64cd 43.8 ± 6.89ab 0.63 ± 0.02a ± 0.02b ± 0.02b ± 0.01e ± 6.61c 39.0 ± 3.36a 48.5 ± 2.88a 0.61 ± 0.02a ± 0.01d ± 0.02d ± 0.01c ± 4.53c 25.7 ± 3.36d 42.2 ± 3.53ab 0.43 ± 0.01b ± 0.03f ± 0.02e ± 0.01b ± 4.82c 24.3 ± 3.12d 37.2 ± 4.35b 0.44 ± 0.05b ± 0.02e ± 0.01a ± 0.01d Percentage of germination, shoot, root length, and biomass (fresh mass FM, and dry mass DM) of Oryza sativa treated with CuO nanoparticles (NPs) at different concentrations. Mean values ± SD (n = 5). Means in the column followed by the same letter do not differ significantly at p 0.05.(2016) Source:

2 Changes in the plant height, root length, total dry weight, and leaf area of the lentil plants subjected to different treatments of copper stress and P. vermicola inoculation Plant height Root length (cm) Total dry weight (cm) T ±4.5 a 14.76±1.3 b 11.87±0.75 ab ±3.79 b T ±3.8 c 7.34±0.50 d 7.20±1.0 c 77.00±3.19 c T ±5.9 a 16.80±1.15 a 12.40±1.4 a ±5.03 a T ±2.1 b 11.21±1.06 c 9.90±1.2 b ±4.73 b Values are means±s.e. (n=3). Values carrying different letters are significantly different at P 0.05 level As determined by Duncan stestt0 non-contaminated soil, T1 Cu amended soil, T2 non-contaminated soil+p. vermicolainoculation,t3 Cuamended soil+p. vermicolainoculation Source: Environ Sci Pollut Res (2016) 23: P. vermicola inoculation and copper induced changes in different photosynthetic attributes of lentil plants Treatments Gs (mol m 2 s 1 ) Ci (ì mol mol 1 ) E(mmol H2O m 2 s 1 ) A(ì mol CO2 m 2 s 1 ) A/E (ì mol CO2 /mmol H2O) T ±0.003 b 281±5.568 b 0.512±0.012 b 10.36±0.606 b 0.291±0.011 b T ±0.001 d 190±5.686 d 0.255±0.104 d 4.48±0.211 d 0.103±0.003 d T ±0.002 a 327±8.686 a 0.595±0.014 a 13.33±0.620 a 0.331±0.007 a T ±0.00 c 236±8.386 c 0.423±0.012 c 7.83±0.500 c 0.243±0.006 c Values are means±s.e. (n=3). Values carrying different letters are significantly different atp 0.05 level as determined by Duncan s testt0non-contaminated soil,t1cu amended soil,t2non-contaminated soil+p. vermicolainoculation,t3cu amended soil+p. vermicolainoculation Source: springer.com/static/pdf/568/art%253a %252fs pdf

3 Effect of Cu and castasterone on ROS indicators (superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide ), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, total carotenoids ) and anthocyanin in 60 days old B. juncea plants Treatments Cu (mm) CS (M) Superoxide anion radical (μg g 1 FW Hydrogen peroxide (μmol g 1 Chloroph yll a (mg g 1 Chlorophyll b (mg g 1 Total chlorophyll (mg g 1 Note: Data represent the mean ± SD of three replicates. *p < **p < Source: Carotenoid s (mg g 1 Anthocya nin (μg g ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.07 F-ratio (Cu) df 3, ** ** 42.74** 6.01** 97.89** 8.24** ** F-ratio (CS) df 3, ** 13.21** 5.75** ** ** F-ratio (Cu CS) df 9, ** 2.42* 2.95* ** 3.24* 14.14** HSD (p < 0.05)

4 Effect of Cu and castasterone on s of various polyphenols (ìg g-1) in 60 days old B. juncea plants Polyphenol detected Control 10 7 M CS 0.50 mm Cu 0.50 mm Cu M CS Catechin nd nd Chlorogenic acid Epicatechin nd nd Caffeic acid Coumaric acid Rutin Quercetin nd nd Umbelliferone nd Ellagic acid Kaempferol nd Tert-butyl hydroquinone nd nd nd Total , Note: nd not detected. Source: Poonam at al.(2016), Castasterone assisted accumulation of polyphenols and antioxidant to increase tolerance of B. juncea plants towards copper toxicity, Cogent Food & Agriculture

5 Relationship between copper concentration in growth medium and its uptake in crops. Copper was mainly accumulated in roots and less translocated to shoots. Cu in plant parts did not linearly increase with increasing Cu levels in the growth medium Exp. Cu concentration in medium Duration (days) Crop type Uptake and accumulation (mg kg 1 ) References Hydroponics 50 to 150 μm 10 Rapeseed Leaves Ivanova et al Root to 10 mm 6 Maize Root Benimali et al to 50 μm 14 Rapeseed Root Feigl et al Shoot Shoot Leaves to 50 μm 14 Indian mustard Root Feigl et al Shoot to 80 μm 15 Maize Root Ouzounidou et al μm 7 Wheat Root Gajewska and Sklodowska Shoot M 6 Maize Root 1070 Lin et al Shoot to 192 μm 35 Soybean Leaves 67 Sanchez-Pardo et al Sand 20 mg kg 1 20 Cucumber Root 299 Alaoui-Sossé et al Soil 1338 mg kg 1 50 Green gram Root 60 Wani et al Shoot to 250 mg kg 1 45 Green gram Shoot Manivasagaperumal et al Environ Sci Pollut Res (2015) Source: ess_copper_on_growth_and_physiology_of_important_food_crops_a_review/links/5711f8c308aeff315ba038e1/t he-effect-of-excess-copper-on-growth-and-physiology-of-important-food-crops-a-review.pdf

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