( P 2 O 5 ) 6 mg kg - 1, 94 %, 67 %, 75 % 90 % 1 2 mm 5, 30 m h - 1, 10 m h - 1 ;, , 6 ; : S : A : (2001)

Transcription

1 2001,16 (3) : Acta Agriculturae Boreali - Sinica 1,2, 1 2, (11, ;21, ) :, :,,,, ;, 6,,, 6,, 5 : ; ; ; : S : A : (2001) , hm 2, 43 % 1, 2/ 3 2 ( P 2 O 5 ) 6 mg kg - 1, 3 94 %, 67 %,, 4, 75 % 90 % ;, 1 2 mm 5, 30 m h - 1, 10 m h - 1 ;,, Grews, ,,,,, : : ( ) ; : ( ),,,,

2 3 : 99 7, 8, 9,,, ( T riticum aestiv um L1), mol L - 1 H 2 O 2 CaSO 4, 5 d, : MgSO 4 7H 2 O (0165 mmol/ L) KH 2 PO 4 (0101 mmol/ L) KCl (2 mmol/ L) Ca (NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O (2 mmol/ L) K 2 SO 4 (0175 mmol/ L) H 3 BO 3 (01001 mmol/ L) MnSO 4 H 2 O (01001 mmol/ L) Zn2 SO 4 7H 2 O ( mmol/ L) CuSO 4 5H 2 O ( mmol/ L) (N H 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 4H 2 O ( mmol/ L ) ED TA2Fe (011 mmol/ L ) 5, 0, 0101, 011, mmol L - 1, 4 2 L,, 2 d 25 d, A1 ; B1 A ; C1 1

3 100 16, 400,, 400, 1 1 cm, ( 1 - B), 215 cm (2 d),,, mmol L - 1, 5, ( 1 - A), 5 d 5 d,, ( P), mmol L - 1, 5, 15 d, ,, , 70 ml 012 mol L - 1 (p H = 518) 015 g L - 1 (p2npp), min NaOH, UV nm, p2npp ( g h - 1 g g h ) SAS ( GLM) ( 1) mmol L - 1, ( P < 0105), 015 mmol L - 1 ( P),, 5 ( P < 0105), 7717 % ; ( P) ( mmol L - 1 ), mmol L , , ( 1) ( P) ( mmol L - 1 ), ( P < 0105), mmol L - 1 ( P) ; mmol L - 1 ( P), 81 (85) 52

4 3 : , 011 mmol L - 1,, ( P < 0105) 0101 mmol L - 1, 5,,,, (mmol L ) ( 1 ) (cm - 1 ) h de gh cd cde ab ef a fg bc de cde a bc b cde cde de bcd e (cm) a b a c b d bc d b d ( ) ( cm - 1 ) (cm) (mg - 1 ) (mg - 1 ) b b a b c cd cd c c d ab b a ab d cd cd c cd c d d abc cd a abc abc bcd a ab c c c c a b a a a b ab cd a cd bc cd d d d e ( 2) %, % 2 (cm) (cm) ( ) d 48113c 814ab a 74817b 517d bc 71315b 715bc ab 73115b 716bc 2214a 96119a 619c 1716c 88314ab 912a ( 2) ,,,, 11,, ( 2) 411

5 % 90 %,,,,,, 7 d, 2,, 12, PEP, CO 2 13,,,, 212 ( 3) 011 mmol L - 1,, ( P < 0105) , 87 %, 3 4 ( P) (0101 mmol L - 1 )

6 3 : 103 ( 4) , 213,, ( / ) ( 3),, 4 r F, 11 12, 3 ( / ) (n = 6) r F 1 Y = X X Y = X X Y = X X Y = X X Y = X X X Y = X X X Y = X X X Y = X X X Y = X X X Y = X X X X Y = X X X X Y = X X X X ,, 6, 5 : [1 ] 1 [J ]1,1994,2 : [2 ],, 1 [J ]1 (B ), 1995,25 (1) : [3 ], 1 [ M ]1 :, [4 ], 1 [J ]1,1980, (5) :6-81 [5 ] Barber A S,Mackay A D. Root growth and potassium uptake by two corn genotypes in the field[j ]1Fertilizer Res,1986,10 : [ 6 ] Crews T E. The supply of phosphorus from native,inorganic phosphorus pools in continuously cultivated Mexi2 can agroecosystems[j ]1Agric Ecosystems and Envir,1996,57 :

7 [7 ] Bonser A M,Lynch J,Snapp S. Effect of phosphorus deficiency on growth angle of basal roots in phaseolus vulgaris[j ]1New Phytol,1996,132 : [8 ] Horst W J,Abdou M,Wiesler F. Genotypic differences in phosphorus efficiency of wheat [ A ]. In : Plant nutri2 tion2from genetic engineering to field practice [ M ]1 Kluwer Academic Publishers, [9 ] Quisenberry J E,McMichael B L. Screening cotton germplasm for root growth potential [J ]1Env Exp Bot, 1996,36 : [10 ] McLachlan K D. Acid phosphatase activity of intact roots and phosphorus nutrition in plants.. Assay condi2 tions and phosphatase activity[j ]1Aust J Agric Res,1980,31 : [11 ] Dunlop D S,Curtis W R. Synergistic response of plant hairy2root cultures to phosphate limitation and fungal elicitation[j ]1Biotechnology Progress,1991,7 : [12 ] Gakmak I,Hengeler C,Marschner H. Partitioning of shoot and root dry matter and carbohydrates in bean plants suffering from phosphorus,potassium and magnesium deficiency [ J ] 1J Exp Bot, 1994, 45 : [ 13 ] Johnson J F,Vance C P,Allan D L. Phosphorus deficiency in L upinus albus,altered lateral root development and enhanced expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase[j ]1Plant Physiol,1996,112 : Characteristics of Root System of Wheat Seedl ings and Their Relative Grain Yield SUN Hai2guo 1,2,ZHAN G Fu2suo 1, YAN G J un2fang 2 (1. Department of Plant Nutrition,China Agricultural University,Beijing ,China ;2. Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang Hebei ,China) Abstract :The variation in morp hology and p hysiology of root systems of wheat genotypes under phosphorus deficiency are very important in practice. The objectives of this study were to deter2 mine the early indicators related to phosphorus efficiency and establish a new method of fast and effectively selecting high p hosp horus2efficiency wheat genotypes. The result s showed t hat t he number of root axes and t he lengt h of lateral root of P2deficient plant were significantly lower ( P < 0105) than P2sufficient plant ; The partitioning of assimilates to root was greater than to shoot at low2p supply. The length of root axis and root system and the number of lateral roots were sharply increased under low2p stress. The differences in number and length of root axis of the given wheat genotypes between t he same or different levels of p hosp horus supply were significant ( P < 0105). This suggests that the two traits are controlled by genotype and external factors. The difference in t he characteristics of lateral root of t he given wheat genotypes was significant only between differ2 ent levels of P supply. It shows that the traits of lateral root mainly depend on external factors. The differences in root number and root length,and axis length, root angle and activity of acid phosphatase exuded by roots among 6 wheat genotypes were significant ( P < 0105). The linear re2 lationships between relative grain yield and t he interaction of t he morp hological and p hysiological traits were significant. This suggests that the five traits can be used as indicators of selecting high P2efficiency wheat varieties. Key words :Wheat ;Morphology of roots ;Acid phosphatase ; P2efficiency