控释氮肥配施尿素对土壤无机氮 微生物及水稻生长的影响

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1 土壤 (Soils), 2018, 50(3): DOI: /j.cnki.tr 控释氮肥配施尿素对土壤无机氮 微生物及水稻生长的影响 1 1 1* 昇 1 2 ( ) (0 10% 20% 40% 80% 100%) 40% NH 4+ -N NO 3 -N 10.11% ~ 17.02% 12.17% ~ 17.21% 40% 20% ~ 40% 80% 40% 4.73% ~ 10.18% 13.7% ~ 17.88% 40% 13.59% 11.4% 40% + 60% S146 A [1-2] [3] [4] [2] [5] [5] [6] ~ 30 cm g/kg 1.33 g/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg ph F d % 90 d 46.4% (2017YFD ) * (w.changquan@163.com) (1997 ) talyh2016@163.com

2 KH 2 PO 4 KCl cm 33 cm 1 mm 15 kg 7 CK( ) T1(100% ) T2(10% + 90% ) T3(20% + 80% ) T4(40% + 60% ) T5(80% + 20% ) T6 (100% ) (CK ) N0.15 g/kg P 2 O g/kg K 2 O0.06 g/kg ~ 3 1 L 1.5 ( 33 d) ( 62 d) ( 81 d) ( 126 d) I [7] NH + 4 -N NO 3 -N [8] 1.6 Excel 2016 SPSS 20.0 (P 0.05) LSD NH + 4 -N NH + 4 -N NH + 4 -N ( 1) NH + 4 -N T1 40% ~ 100% NH + 4 -N T4 20% NH + 4 -N T1 40% ~ 100% NH + 4 -N 表 1 不同处理对土壤 NH + 4 -N 含量的影响 (mg/kg) Table 1 Effects of different treatments on ammonium nitrogen contents in soils CK 8.21 ± 0.10 c 6.66 ± 0.61 c 4.06 ± 0.46 d 2.78 ± 0.44 c T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T ± 0.46 a ± 0.27 b ± 0.67 c 8.14 ± 0.68 b ± 0.36 a ± 0.09 b ± 0.33 c 7.90 ± 0.47 b ± 0.33 a ± 0.23 a ± 0.31 b 8.85 ± 0.42 b ± 0.27 b ± 0.35 a ± 0.54 a 9.81 ± 0.22 a ±0.30 b ± 0.30 a ± 0.37 ab ± 0.45 a ± 0.48 b ± 0.21 a ± 0.41 b 9.99 ± 0.47 a (P<0.05) NO 3 -N 2 NO 3 -N NO 3 -N NO 3 -N CK NO 3 -N NO 3 -N T5 T4 40% ~ 100% NO 3 -N T4 表 2 不同处理对土壤 NO 3 -N 含量的影响 (mg/kg) Table 2 Effects of different treatments on nitrate nitrogen contents in soils CK 3.97 ± 0.06 d 4.79 ± 0.16 d ± 0.16 d 7.15 ± 0.26 c T ± 0.25 a 8.56 ± 0.66 c ± 0.28 c 8.73 ± 0.25 b T ± 0.24 a 8.69 ± 0.50 c ± 0.32 c 8.99 ± 0.29 b T3 T4 T5 T ± 0.24 ab 9.13 ± 0.16 bc ± 0.46 b 9.07 ± 0.04 b 5.92 ± 0.18 ab ± 0.22 a ± 0.39 a 9.94 ± 0.24 a 5.68 ± 0.10 b ± 0.36 a ± 0.32 a 9.90 ± 0.32 a 5.33 ± 0.18 c 9.79 ± 0.39 ab ± 0.18 a 9.68 ± 0.35 a T1 40% ~ 100%

3 3 471 T4 T % 2.62% 表 3 不同处理对土壤细菌数量的影响 ( 10 6 cfu/g) Table 3 Effects of different treatments on bacteria numbers in rice rhizosphere soils CK ± 2.41 e ± 1.41 d ± 1.45 e 8.93 ± 0.90 e ± 1.52 e T ± 1.10 a ± 4.86 c ± 1.25 d ± 1.52 d ± 3.78 d T ± 2.25 ab ± 3.97 c ± 1.54 c ± 1.84 c ± 4.97 c T ± 2.05 bc ± 1.37 ab ± 0.92 bc ± 0.52 bc ± 2.09 b T ± 1.44 cd ± 2.35 a ± 1.51 a ± 1.38 a ± 2.26 a T ± 1.36 bcd ± 2.48 b ± 2.43 ab ± 2.21 ab ± 3.52 b T ± 1.73 d ± 0.60 c ± 2.39 c ± 2.01 ab ± 4.53 c CK T1 40% ~ 100% T3 20% ~ 100% T1 T3 T4 T3 T4 T % 7.48% 表 4 不同处理对土壤放线菌数量的影响 ( 10 5 cfu/g) Table 4 Effects of different treatments on actinomycetes numbers in rice rhizosphere soils CK ± 1.88 c ± 1.81 d ± 1.97 d ± 1.31 d ± 3.15e T ± 1.48 a ± 0.68 c ± 1.25 bc ± 1.49 bc ± 3.22 cd T ± 1.26 ab ± 0.77 c ± 1.85 c ± 3.32 c ± 5.41 d T ± 1.48 ab ± 1.90 a ± 1.86 a ± 2.24 a ± 2.74 a T ± 1.74 b ± 1.36 b ± 1.21 a ± 2.91 a ± 2.24 b T ± 2.24 b ± 1.98 bc ± 1.39 ab ± 1.81 ab ± 3.56 bc T ± 0.31 b ± 1.94 bc ± 1.22 ab ± 1.87 a ± 4.01 cd ( 5) T1 T6 40% ~ 100% T5 T4 T4 T5 T % 23.9% 表 5 不同处理对土壤真菌数量的影响 ( 10 4 cfu/g) Table 5 Effects of different treatments on fungi numbers in rice rhizosphere soils CK 2.55 ± 0.19 d 2.28 ± 0.30 c 1.75 ± 0.34 c 1.11 ± 0.15 d 7.69 ± 0.12 d T ± 0.17 a 3.46 ± 0.16 b 2.60 ± 0.21 b 1.65 ± 0.13 c ± 0.40 c T ± 0.25 ab 3.62 ± 0.35 b 2.94 ± 0.29 b 1.59 ± 0.09 c ± 0.63 c T ± 0.24 ab 3.91 ± 0.55 b 2.70 ± 0.10 b 2.81 ± 0.41 a 13.3 ± 0.88 b T ± 0.17 bc 4.61 ± 0.29 a 3.64 ± 0.39 ab 3.05 ± 0.19 a ± 0.26 a T ± 0.21 bc 4.87 ± 0.45 a 4.08 ± 0.94 a 3.12 ± 0.28 a ± 1.01 a T ± 0.10 c 4.82 ± 0.22 a 3.47 ± 0.16 ab 2.14 ± 0.24 b ± 0.06 b

4 CK 0 ~ 20% 40% ~ 100% 40% T6 T5 20% ~ 80% CK ( 7) T1 40% ~ 100% T4 T1 表 6 不同处理对水稻株高的影响 (cm) Table 6 Effects of different treatments on plant heights of rice CK ± 1.56 c ± 2.04 d ± 1.52 f ± 1.65 c T ± 1.52 a ± 2.69 c ± 1.43 e ± 1.36 b T ± 2.46 a ± 1.22 b ± 1.00 d ± 1.04 b T ± 0.95 a ± 1.17 a ± 1.11 c ± 1.15 a T ± 0.86 b ± 1.00 a ± 1.35 b ± 1.63 a T ± 0.43 b ± 2.19 a ± 1.17 ab ± 3.15 a T ± 1.01 b ± 1.58 a ± 1.64 a ± 1.06 a 表 7 不同处理对水稻干物质积累的影响 (g/ 株 ) Table 7 Effects of different treatments on dry matter accumulation of rice CK 4.66 ± 0.30 d ± 0.41 d ± 1.04 d ± 3.13 d T ± 0.49 a ± 1.41 c ± 1.41 c ± 0.91 c T ± 0.14 ab ± 1.29 bc ± 2.33 b ± 3.12 c T ± 0.38 ab ± 0.50 ab ± 1.18 ab ± 1.96 ab T ± 0.19 b ± 1.14 a ± 0.47 a ± 2.32 a T ± 0.06 c ± 0.52 abc ± 3.12 a ± 0.97 ab T ± 0.10 c ± 0.98 ab ± 0.32 ab ± 2.15 b % 15.7% 12.9% T4 T1 40% ~ 100% T % ~ 16.54% 表 8 不同处理对产量构成因子的影响 Table 8 Effects of different treatments on yields and yield components of rice (g/ ) (g) ( 10 4 /hm 2 ) CK ± 3.78 d ± 0.20 d 5.15 ± 0.55 c ± 5.52 e T ± 1.96 bc ± 0.13 c 7.15 ± 0.19 b ± 3.30 c T ± 1.32 c ± 0.25 c 7.50 ± 0.17 ab ± 1.95 d T ± 1.48 ab ± 0.45 ab 7.86 ± 0.09 ab ± 4.29 b T ± 1.74 a ± 0.52 a 8.11 ± 0.21 a ± 2.73 a T ± 2.74 ab ± 0.16 bc 7.52 ± 0.37 ab ± 4.94 a T ± 2.07 bc ± 0.09 c 7.57 ± 0.23 ab ± 2.06 a

5 NH + 4 -N NO 3 -N [9] NH + 4 -N NO 3 -N 40% 12.6% 5.24% [3] [5] [10-14] NH + 4 -N NO 3 -N 40% 17.02% ~ 26.02% 8.5% ~ 12.17% [15] 40% 40% NH + 4 -N NO 3 -N 20.52% 12.17% [16] [17] 40% [18-20] [21] 20% ~ 80% 40% 20% 80% [22-23] [24] [25-26] 40% 24.9% 7.48% 19.89% [27-28] 40% [29] 40% 17.88% 8.2% 13.4% 40% [30-31] 4 旳 40% + 60% 15.7% 12.9% [1],,,. [J]., 2010, 16(5): [2],. [J]., 2005, 26(2): [3],,,. [J]., 2013, 40(4): [4],,,. [J]., 2014, 28(3): [5],,,. [J]., 2016, 49(3):

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7 3 475 Effects of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Urea on Soil Inorganic Nitrogen, Microorganism and Rice Growth LI Yuhao 1, HE Jie 1, WANG Changquan 1*, LI Bing 1, LIANG Jingyue 1, LI Xinyue 1, ZHANG Jingsheng 1, YIN Bin 2 (1 College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu , China; 2 Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing , China) Abstract: A pot experiment of different controlled release nitrogen fertilizer (0, 10%, 20%, 40%, 80% and 100%) combined with different urea using were conducted to explore the proper combined proportion of controlled and fast release nitrogen fertilizer based on soil nitrogen supply and the growth of crop, in which inorganic nitrogen content and microbial biomass in soils as well as height, dry matter accumulation and yield components of rice were analyzed. The results showed the application of 40% controlled release nitrogen fertilizer had the best effect on soil inorganic nitrogen in the middle and late stages of rice growth, soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents were respectively increased by 10.11% 17.02% and 8.8% 19.96% compared to the treatment of single urea using. From the jointing stage to mature stage, combined application of 40% controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer had the highest biomass of bacterial, significantly high than in single urea using. The most abundant actinomycete number was found in the treatment of 20% 40% controlled release nitrogen fertilizers. Fungi number was the highest under the combined treatment of 80% controlled release nitrogen. In the treatment of 40% controlled release nitrogen fertilizer, rice plant height and dry matter were increased by 4.73% 10.18% and 13.7% 17.88% compared to the treatment of single urea using during the middle and late stages. Rice grain yield was the highest with 40% controlled release nitrogen application, increased respectively by 13.59% and 11.4% compared to single urea using and 100% controlled release nitrogen application. The effective panicle number, grain weight and grain number per panicle were in the optimum levels under the application of 40% controlled release nitrogen. In summary, 40% combined application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer increases the content of soil inorganic nitrogen, promotes the reproduction of soil microbial, increases rice plant height and dry matter accumulation, optimizes rice yield components, thus 40% controlled release nitrogen with urea is recommendable in rice fertilizer management. Key words: Controlled release nitrogen fertilizer; Soil inorganic nitrogen; Soil microorganism; Rice yield