猪发酵床废弃垫料不同配比基质对辣椒生长及品质的影响

Transcription

1 土壤 (Soils), 2017, 49(6): DOI: /j.cnki.tr 猪发酵床废弃垫料不同配比基质对辣椒生长及品质的影响 * ( / ) (WD) ( ph EC ) T8 (WD.... = ) T7(WD.... = ) T8 T9(WD.. =9.. 5) ph EC T7 T8 T9 T8 CK T8 T4(WD.. =5.. 2) T4 T8 CK 7.74% 11.14% T7 T8 Vc T8 X705 A [1] [2] [3] [4] [5-6] [7] [8] t [9] (CX(15)1003) (2016YFD ) * (xugang90@163.com) (1980 ) gaowr1225@126.com

2 = (v/v) (2 ) (1 ) 53.9% 31.4% 31.7% 0.32 g/cm % 10.87% 60.70% ph 6.30 EC 4.69 ms/cm g/kg 2.03 g/kg g/kg mg/kg mg/kg 6.74 g/kg g/kg CK 9 1 Table 1 T1 表 1 复配基质的试验设计 Experimental designs of compound substrates.. = T2.. = T3.. =7.. 2 T4.. =5.. 2 T5.. =2.. 1 T6.. =3.. 2 T7.... = T8.... = T9.. = ) (v) (w) (w 1 ) =(w 1 w)/v (v) (w) (w 2 ) (w 3 ) (w 4 ) 6 h (w 5 ) (TP)=(w 3 w 4 w 2 )/v 100% (AP)=(w 3 +w 4 w 5 ) 100% (WHP)= ( ) ( ) h IS128 ph ( ) DDS-11A EC ( ) ph EC H 2 SO 4 -H 2 O 2 HCl-H 2 SO 4 - [10] [11] 2) 10 ( ) ( 1 cm) (L L1-Cor ) (Pn) CO 2 (Ci) (Tr) (Gs) [12] GB G-250 Vc 2,6- [12-13] 5 ( ) Excel SPSS Duncan s ph EC [14] [15] 0.1 ~ 0.8 g/cm 3 [16] ~ 0.35 g/cm 3 T9 8 CK 75% 15% 2 ~ 4 [17] T4 ~ T8 75% CK T6

3 CK T4 ~ T6 T8 15% T6 CK 60.70% T1 T2 T3 T7 T8 60% CK 5.59 T4 ~ T6 T8 2 ~ 4 CK ( 2) 表 2 复配基质的物理性质 Table 2 Physical properties of compound substrates (g/cm 3 ) (%) (%) (%) CK 0.32 ± 0.04 b ± 0.42 c ± 0.10 i ± 0.50 h 5.59 ± 0.03 a T ± 0.02 bc ± 0.57 cd ± 0.30 h ± 0.32 g 5.17 ± 0.18 b T ± 0.01 cd ± 0.02 b ± 0.09 g ± 0.10 e 4.86 ± 0.03 c T ± 0.01 de ± 0.06 d ± 0.14 e ± 0.16 e 4.28 ± 0.04 d T ± 0.03 def ± 0.06 e ± 0.10 c ± 0.15 d 3.90 ± 0.02 f T ± 0.02 ef ± 0.23 e ± 0.16 b ± 0.11 c 3.66 ± 0.05 g T ± 0.04 f ± 0.06 e ± 0.10 a ± 0.15 a 3.35 ± 0.02 h T ± 0.01 bc ± 0.10 a ± 0.09 f ± 0.14 b 4.90 ± 0.03 c T ± 0.01 bc ± 0.67 cd ± 0.10 b ± 0.15 a 3.71 ± 0.02 g T ± 0.02 a ± 0.25 f ± 0.12 d ± 0.16 f 4.03 ± 0.05 e P< CK T6 3 T6 ph EC ph EC T7 T8 T9 EC T1 ~ T6 T7 T8 T9 ph EC 表 3 复配基质的化学性质 Table 3 Chemical properties of compound substrates (g/kg) (g/kg) (g/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) CK ± 0.40 d 2.03 ± 0.15 g ± 0.52 c ± 0.71 g ± 0.43 j T ± 0.37 c 2.83 ± 0.18 f ± 0.41 c ± 0.10 f ± 0.23 i T ± 0.44 b 3.58 ± 0.14 e ± 0.42 d ± 0.12 e ± 0.22 h T ± 0.50 b 4.31 ± 0.10 d ± 0.18 d ± 0.09 d ± 0.21 g T ± 0.45 a 4.95 ± 0.30 c ± 0.31 de ± 0.71 c ± 0.32 f T ± 0.36 a 5.73 ± 0.12 b ± 0.30 de ± 0.70 b ± 0.42 e T ± 0.51 a 6.85 ± 0.16 a ± 0.13 e ± 1.15 a ± 0.44 d T ± 0.20 d 5.60 ± 0.09 b ± 0.20 b ± 1.16 f ± 0.53 a T ± 0.27 e 4.88 ± 0.20 c ± 0.27 a ± 1.14 h ± 0.54 b T ± 0.21 f 6.74 ± 0.30 a ± 0.05 f ± 0.81 i ± 0.50 c (g/kg) (g/kg) ph EC(mS/cm) CK 6.74 ± 0.01 g 3.47± 0.10 b 6.30 ± 0.09 d 4.69 ± 0.07 e T ± 0.05 f 3.18 ± 0.05 c 6.34 ± 0.04 cd 4.74 ± 0.06 de T ± 0.03 e 3.06 ± 0.10 e 6.44 ± 0.09 abcd 4.77 ± 0.08 de T ± 0.05 d 2.90 ± 0.04 f 6.49 ± 0.05 abcd 4.84 ± 0.08 cd T ± 0.01 c 2.78 ± 0.08 g 6.52 ± 0.08 abc 4.93 ± 0.07 c T ± 0.02 b 2.70 ± 0.08 h 6.58 ± 0.07 ab 5.09 ± 0.06 b T ± 0.01 a 2.64 ± 0.10 i 6.62 ± 0.09 ab 5.22 ± 0.04 a T ± 0.08 i 2.48 ± 0.07 j 6.36 ± 0.29 cd 3.32 ± 0.05 h T ± 0.01 j 3.08 ± 0.09 d 6.63 ± 0.03 a 3.82 ± 0.04 g T ± 0.08 h 4.21 ± 0.06 a 6.41 ± 0.04 bcd 4.27 ± 0.04 f

4 [18] 4 CK T8 T7 T9 CK T4 T7 T8 T9 T8 T9 T7 T8 T9 T7 T8 T9 EC EC [19] EC [20] [21] 表 4 复配基质对辣椒株高和茎粗的影响 Table 4 Effects of compound substrates on plant heights and stem diameters of peppers (cm) (mm) CK de bc T cde cd T bcd b T cde d T bc b T cde bc T e d T ab bc T a a T ab ab [22] 1 T7 T8 (Pn) T8 (Gs) (Tr) T2 CO 2 (Ci) T6 Pn Gs Tr T9 Ci Gs Tr T6 Pn CK T1 T2 T3 T5 Pn CK CK T2 T7 T8 Gs CK Gs CK T2 Ci CK Ci CK T7 T8 Tr CK T2 Tr CK Tr CK Pn Tr [22-23] T8 CK T8 T8 [24] [25] 2 a b T8 a b T5 T6 a b a b T ( 5) T8 T8 CK T9 CK CK T3 T8 T9 CK T2 T7 CK CK T4 T8 T9 CK T7 CK CK [26] T8 T4 T8 CK T4 T8 CK 7.74% 11.14% T7 CK CK

5 Fig. 1 ( P<0. 05 ) 图 1 复配基质对辣椒叶片光合参数的影响 Effects of compound substrates on photosynthetic parameters of pepper leaves Fig. 2 图 2 复配基质对辣椒叶片叶绿素含量的影响 Effects of different compound substrates on chlorophyll contents in pepper leaves 表 5 复配基质对辣椒果实性状及产量的影响 Table 5 Effects of compound of substrates on fruit agronomic characters and yields of peppers (mm) (mm) (mm) (g) (g/ ) CK ± 8.90 ab ± 3.06 abcd 2.03 ± 0.25 bcd ± 3.79 bc ± b T ± 4.67 abc ± 5.71 cd 1.76 ± 0.12 de ± 1.77 de ± f T ± 5.84 bc ± 1.75 abcd 1.98 ± 0.09 bcde ± 1.28 e ± d T ± c ± 2.52 abc 1.71 ± 0.19 de ± 2.59 cd ± f T ± 5.13 abc ± 1.33 cd 1.90 ± 0.23 cde ± 3.26 b ± a T ± 8.32 abc ± 5.14 bcd 1.95 ± 0.22 cde ± 2.79 e ± d T ± 4.74 bc ± 1.59 d 1.67 ± 0.16 e ± 1.43 e ± e T ± 2.90 abc ± 1.88 abcd 2.22 ± 0.04 abc ± 2.71 bc ± b T ± 2.61 a ± 3.16 a 2.45 ± 0.14 a ± 2.12 a ± a T ± 2.96 ab ± 2.48 ab 2.31 ± 0.25 ab ± 2.78 ab ± c

6 Vc [26] ( 3) T8 CK T1 T2 T3 T1 T7 T8 T6 CK T1 T2 T3 T1 CK T2 T3 T8 CK Vc T1 T2 T3 T8 T6 Vc T7 T8 Vc T7 T8 Fig. 3 图 3 复配基质对辣椒果实品质的影响 Effects of compound of substrates on fruit qualities of peppers 3 1) T4 ~ T8 CK 75% CK T7 T8 T9 ph EC CK T8 (.... = ) 2) T7 T8 T9 T8 a b T8 T7 T8 Vc T7 T8 3) T8 T8 [1],,,. [J]., 2012, 28(16):

7 [2] 赟,,,. [J]., 2011, 42(2): [3],,,. [J]., 2009, 30(1): [4],,,. [J]., 2013(4): 187 [5],,,. [J]., 2011, 18(3): [6],,,. 5 [J]., 2014, 29(10): [7],,,. [J]., 2015, 47(6): [8],,,. [J]., 2015(8) : [9],,,. [J]., 2011, 42(5): [10]. [M]. :, 2000: 12 [11]. [M]. 2. :, 1981 [12]. [M]. :, 1999 [13]. [M]. :, 2000: [14],,,. [J]., 2014(2): [15]. [M]. :, 2003 [16],,,. [J]., 2015, 31(10): [17],,. ( )[J]. :, 1999, 3(3): [18],,,. [J]., 2015, 47(1): [19] Garcia Gomez A, Bernal M P, Roig A. Growth of ornamental plants in two composts prepared from agroindustrial wastes[j]. Bioresource Technology, 2002, 83(1): [20]. [D]. :, 2003 [21],,,. [J]., 2010, 37(4): [22],,,. [J]., 2006, 26(1): [23],,,. [J]., 2011, 35(1): [24],,,. [J]., 2015, 46(1): [25],,,. [J]., 2006, 28(2): [26],,,. [J]..2009, 25(6):

8 Effects of Substrates with Different Compositions Derived from Waste Padding of Pig Fermentation Bed on Growth and Quality of Pepper GAO Wenrui, WANG Xin, XU Gang *, LI Decui, SUN Yanjun, HAN Bing, SHI Longyan (Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing , China) Abstract: The 1 st generation of waste padding of pig fermentation bed (WD) was used as the main material, added with vermiculite or vinegar residue or their mixture to prepare the compound substrates with different formulas. Then physicochemical properties (unit weight, total porosity, water/air ratio, ph, EC, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen, organic matter, etc.) of these substrates and their effects on plant growth, photosynthesis, yield and fruit quality of peppers were studied. The results showed that physical characteristics of T8 treatment (WD.. vinegar residue.. vermiculite = ) were all within the ranges of ideal substrate. T7 (WD : vinegar residue.. vermiculite = ), T8, and T9 (WD.. vermiculite = 9.. 5) treatments had lower total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available potassium contents and EC values, but had higher total phosphorus, available phosphorus contents and ph values. The plant heights and stem diameters of pepper of T7, T8 and T9 treatments were significantly higher than those of other treatments. T8 treatment had the highest photosynthesis and chlorophyll content, significantly higher than those of CK. T8 had the highest pepper yield, followed by T4 (WD.. vinegar residue = 5.. 2), increased by 11.14% and 7.74%, respectively, compared with CK. T7 and T8 treatments had lower soluble solids contents, but higher contents of Vc, soluble protein and soluble sugar. On the whole, T8 treatment is recommended as an organic substrate for the growth of pepper. Key words: Waste padding of pig fermentation bed; Pepper; Yield; Quality; Photosynthesis