2006,12(5) : Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science , ; 2 , ; , ) PS ; 819 % 913 %, ; : S : A

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1 (5) : Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science ( ; ; ) : (7 28 ) 75 kg/ hm 2 PS Fv/ Fo PS ; (NPQ) ; 819 % 913 % : ; ; ; : S : A : X(2006) ffects of applying potassium fertilizer at peak bolling stage on cotton photosynthetic characteristics and its yield and quality under different population LI Ling2li 1 MA Zong2bin 1 ZHANG Dong2lin 2 DU Yuan2fang 2 FANG Wei2ping 3 XI De2yi 3 ( 1 College of Agronomy Henan Agric. Univ. Zhengzhou China ; 2 Kaifeng County Cotton Production Office Kaifeng China ; 3 Cotton and Oil Crop Research Inst. Henan AAS Zhengzhou China) Abstract : The effects of applying potassium fertilizer at peak bolling stage (28 J uly) on cotton photosynthetic character2 istics and its yield and quality under normal density ( plants/ ha) removing monopodium and low density ( plants/ ha) retaining monopodium were studied under filed condition with random block design. The K application rate was 75 kg/ ha. The results showed that applying potassium fertilizer at middle growing stage retarded leaves aging remained higher LAI at later growing stage significantly increased SPAD value photosynthetic rate PS activity (F V / F O ) actual photochemical efficiency of PS ( PS ) stomata conductance () and significantly decreased non2 photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) in stem leaves at later growing stage for both cotton populations. As the re2 sult light energy utilization efficiency of cotton population and leaves at later growing stage were enhanced total bolls and boll weight were increased remarkably cotton lint yield were increased by 819 % 913 % and cotton fibers tenacity was improved. Key words : potassium fertilizer ; photosynthetic characteristics ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; yield ; fibers quality [1 ] [1-3 ] [4 ] : : : ( ) ; ( ) : (1961 )

2 5 : 663 PS Fv/ Fm = (Fm - Fo) / Fm ; 33 % 55 % [5-6 ] PS Fv/ Fo = (Fm - Fo) / Fo ; qp = ( Fm - Fs) / ( Fm - Fo ) ; NPQ = Fm/ Fm - 1 [6 ] (LAI) : 10 15d ; g/ kg 6516 mg/ kg 211 ( LAI) 2317 mg/ kg 9816 mg/ kg 1 LAI 8 35 ( ) 17 LK2 LK1 QK2 3 A QK1 : L (2125 / hm 2 2 ) Q (3175 / hm 2 ) B : K1 ( 150 kg/ hm 2 ) K2 ( ; 150 kg/ hm 2 75kg / hm 2 ) 4 LK1 LK2 QK1 QK2 Q LAI 25m 2 5 ; L LAI 120cm kg kg + 45 kg 1 ( LAI) 112 Table 1 Trends of LAI of different treatments SPAD ( ) 4 Treat. 1/ 7 17/ 7 1/ 8 17/ 8 1/ 9 17/ 9 10 (SPAD ) LK : 00 LK : 00 CID- 301PS ( ) QK1 5 4 ( P n ) QK (C s ) ( ) CO 2 (C n ) PS PS = (Fm - Fs) / Fm ; HVICC 2 K1 K2 ( / ) Investigating date(d/ mon. ) CO 2 (C i ) FMS - 2 ( Hansatech ) 5 ( SPAD 4 ) ( 2) 4 (7 20 Fm Fo Fs 10d) SPAD 20min Fo Fm : 8 17 K2 K1 ; 10 (7

3 d) SPAD K2 K1 K2 K1 K2 K1 [7 ] 2 ( SPAD ) Table 2 The contents of chlorophyll( SPAD value ) in trunk leaves of different treatments 4 The fourth leaf from the top to bottom 28- Aug. Investigating date 10 The tenth leaf from the top to bottom 28- Aug. Investigating date 20- Jul. 17- Aug. 28- Aug. 17- Sep. 20- Jul. 17- Aug. 28- Aug. 17- Sep. LK a 4716 a 5316 b 4319 b 4816 a 4112 c 3115 b 2616 b LK a 4718 a 5616 a 4512 ab 4812 a 4417 b 3815 a 3418 a QK a 4818 a 5514 ab 4512 ab 4915 a 4312 b 3315 b 2718 b QK a 4816 a 5712 a 4619 a 4916 a 4715 a 4016 a 3615 a (Note) : 5 % Different letters at same column mean significant at 5 % level same as follows. 213 ( ) K1 CO 2 () ( ) () CO 2 ( ) 3 7 K2 ( 2) ; 20 ; K2 ( ) K1 3 ( ) Table 3 The photosynthetic and gas exchange parameters in cotton trunk leaves of different treatments 20- Jul. 23- Aug. 11- Sep. m m LK a 518 a a a 1613 b 612 b b a 1413 c 613 b b b LK a 516 a ab a 1716 ab 715 a ab a 1619 ab 713 a a b QK a 516 a a a 1715 ab 615 b ab a 1415 c 614 b b a QK a 517 b a a 1811 a 717 a a a 1718 a 713 a a a 214 Fv/ Fm Fv/ Fo PS 20 Fv/ Fm Fv/ Fo PS ; 8 23 Fv/ Fm Fv/ Fo PS (Fv/ Fm) PS K2 PS K1 ; 9 Fv/ Fo PS 11 Fv/ Fm Fv/ Fo PS PS PS K2 K1 r 1 = r 2 = [6 8 ] 215 qp NPQ ( 4) 7 (qp) PS

4 5 : 665 PS ; PP ; = 1 - qp PS K1 K2 [6 QA ] PS [8 ] (NPQ) PS NPQ K1 5 qp ; NPQ 7 20 L Q 4 Fv/ Fm Fv/ Fo PS Table 4 ffects of different treatments on Fv/ Fm Fv/ Fo and PS in cotton trunk leaves 20-Jul. 23- Aug. 11- Sep. Fv/ Fm Fv/ Fo PS Fv/ Fm Fv/ Fo PS Fv/ Fm Fv/ Fo PS LK a ab a a a ab a bb cb LK a ab a a a a a aa bab QK a a a a a b a bb bab QK a a a a a ab a aa ab 5 qp NPQ Table 5 ffects of different treatments on qp and NPQ in cotton trunk leaves 20-Jul. 23- Aug. 11- Sep. qp NPQ qp NPQ qp NPQ LK a a a a a a LK a a a ab a b QK a b a b a b QK a b a c a c 216 ( 6) K2 Q L LK2 LK1 819 % QK2 QK1 913 % Treat. Bolls number 6 Table 6 Comparison of cotton yield under different treatments Boll weight Lint percent Rate of yield before frost (No. / hm 2 ) (g) ( %) ( %) Unginned (kg/ hm 2 ) Yield of cotton Ginned LK bc bc LK ab ab QK b b QK a a LK2 LK1 314 % QK2 QK1 417 %

5 (mm) Length 1) 7 Table 7 Comparison of cotton fiber quality different treatments Strength (cn/ tex) ( %) Axromire Uniformity Maturity SCI LK LK QK QK (Note) :1) VHICC Standard of VHICC ; Fv/ Fo PS : Fv/ Fo [1 ]. [J ] (2) : PS NPQ Fang Y. ffects of potassium on yield and quality of cotton[j ]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (2) : [J ] (4) : Li Y Y Jin J Y Liu S Q Huang S W. ffects of potassium on physi2 [6 8 ] [2 ] CO 2 Fv/ Fo PS NPQ ological characteristics yield and quality of Spring wheat [J ]. Plant 80 % [5 8 ] Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (4) : [9 ] [4 ] [J ] (4) : 7-91 [8 ] ; ton of China (4) : 7-91 [5 ] [J ] (4) : ton[j ]. Soils and Fertilizers 1994(4) : [6 ]. [ M] [10 ] Science and Technology Publishing Company [7 ]. [ M] [1 3 ] Science Press [5 ] [9 ] 1999 (3) : % 811 % 511 % 1419 % [9 ] [3 ] Zhao D L Oosterhuis D M bednarz C W. Influence of potassium de2 ficiency on photosynthesis chlorophyll content and chloroplast ultra2 structure of cotton plants[j ]. Photosynthetica : Zhang X B Wang L G Wang J Y et al. ffects of applying potassium fertilizer in middle2lower yield cotton area of Henan province[j ]. Cot2. Xing Z Shen J B Guo J H Liu Z H. A preliminary study on nutri2 tion absorption rules and effects of applying potassium in high yield cot2 : Xiu D Q. The efficiency of photosynthesis[ M]. Shanghai : Shanghai : Zheng Z Y Ni J S Wang T D et al. Cotton physiology[m]. Beijing : [8 ] Genty B Briantais J M Baker N R. The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence[j ]. Biochim. Biophys. Acta : 87. [J ]. Sen K G Yao J Jiao Y. Study on nutrition absorption rules and ap2 plying potassium in cotton[j ]. Soils and Fertilizers 1999 (3) : 12 - [10 ] Pettigrew W T. Potassium deficiency increase specific leaf weights and glucose levels in field grown cotton[j ]. Agron. J : 962 -