Directions: Identify the independent (I), dependent (D), and constant (c) variables in the following scenarios.
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1 Unit 1: 1 st Semester Review mg = g km = m 3. 1L = ml g = kg Directions: Identify the independent (I), dependent (D), and constant (c) variables in the following scenarios. 5. A study was done to find if different tire treads affect the braking distance of a car. I: D: C: 6. The time it takes to run a mile depends on the person s running speed. I: D: C: 7. The height of bean plants depends on the amount of water they receive. I: D: C: Directions: Identify if each of the following is an observation or inference. 9. The container is filled to the 350 ml mark with water. observation inference 10. The Sun rose at 6:54 this morning. observation inference 11. The caterpillar did not eat the moth because it is not a carnivore. observation inference
2 !! Graphing and Data Analysis Worksheet Name:!! Date:!!! Introduction: A mycorrhiza is a mutualistic relationship between fungal hyphae and the roots of true plants. The fungal hyphae increase the absorptive surface area of the roots of the plant by aiding in the absorption of water, phosphorus, and other mineral ions from the soil to the roots of the plant. The plant is photosynthetic and provides the fungus with carbohydrates. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of mycorrhizal associations on plant growth. Two groups of plants were grown. One group was planted in soil that had been sterilized. The other group was planted in the same type of soil, but the soil had not been sterilized. All other factors remained the same between the two groups. The plants were allowed to grow for 8 weeks. Each week, the height (in centimeters) of each plant was measured. The picture below shows the plants after 8 weeks of growth. The data table provides quantitative data on the growth of the plants over the 8- week period. Plot the data from the experiment on the graph below. Week Plants Grown in Sterilized Soil Plants Grown in Nonsterilized Soil cm 2.0 cm cm 5.5 cm cm 8.7 cm cm 10.0 cm cm 12.0 cm cm 16.2 cm cm 19.1 cm cm 25.0 cm Copyright Amy Brown Science
3 ! 1. What hypothesis is being tested in this experiment? 2. What variable is being changed in this experiment? 3. A statement in the introduction read, All other factors remained the same between the two groups. Make a list of factors that must remain constant in the experiment. 4. Referring to question 3, why is it essential that these factors be kept constant? 5. Compare the growth of the two groups of plants in this experiment. 6. Read the introduction and provide an explanation for why one group of plants grew better than the other group of plants. 7. What caused the plants grown in the sterilized soil to grow so much slower than the plants grown in the nonsterilized soil? 8. Does this experiment indicate that mycorrhizae are necessary for the proper growth of plants? Explain. Copyright Amy Brown Science
4 Unit 2: Directions: Solve the following. 1. The pitcher s mound in baseball is 85 m from the plate. It takes 4 seconds for a pitch to reach the plate. How fast is the pitch? 2. If you drive at 100 km/hr for 6 hours, how far will you go? 3. If you run a t 12 m/s for 15 minutes, how far will you go? 4. How much force is needed to accelerate a 100kg mass at a rate of 2.5 m/s2? 5. Tonya uses a 418N force to move a 56kg mass. At what rate does the object accelerate? 6. What is the velocity of a 5.5kg object that has a momentum of 550 kgms? 7. What is the mass of an object that requires 100N of force in order to accelerate it at 10 m/s2? 8. What is the acceleration of a 10kg mass pushed by a man with a 45N force? 9. Calculate the net force acting on the following: 4N left, 7N right, and 12N left.
5 1. What is the top of a wave called? 2. What is the bottom of a wave called? 3. What is frequency? 4. If a wave is traveling at 60 cm/second and has a wavelength of 15 cm, what is the frequency? 5. What does amplitude measure? 7. How many complete waves are there in the diagram above? Is it transverse or longitudinal? 8. What is the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave? 9. Are sound waves transverse waves or longitudinal waves? Why? 10. What are the waves with the highest energy? 11. What are the waves with the lowest energy?
6 Unit 3: Fill in the chart below. Element Symbol Atomic Number Protons Neutrons Sodium Na 11 O Krypton Draw the Bohr diagram for each of the following: Sodium Krypton
7 Oxygen Draw the Lewis Dot Structure for the following: Boron Beryllium Identify the family for each of the following elements: Element Family Element Family Calcium Lithium Copper Magnesium Krypton Lead Fluorine Helium
8
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