Estrategies de arcquitectura de raices a estress abiotico. Jim Burridge, PhD Candidate, Plant Science Department, PSU Advised by Jonathan Lynch

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1 Estrategies de arcquitectura de raices a estress abiotico Jim Burridge, PhD Candidate, Plant Science Department, PSU Advised by Jonathan Lynch

2 Yield Potential Benefit from 21st century green revolution Can we develop genotypes with superior yield at all fertility levels? Benefit from 20th century green revolution dwarf genotypes respond to high fertility... But no yield gain at low fertility (*) Traditional genotypes lodge at high fertility Soil Fertility

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4 Global climate change will intensify drought in this century NCAR 2010 (moderate emissions scenario)

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6 Low soil P availability is a primary constraint to life on earth Jaramillo and Lynch, 2011

7 Massive improvements needed to delay transformational change Rippke 2016

8 Bean Production Affected by Abiotic constraints Constraints % of total bean area affected Drought 73 Phosphorus 50 deficiency Aluminum toxicity 40

9 Majority of production is on small scale farms in developing countries with minimal inputs Improved cultivars primary means to improve production

10 Water (VMC) 4% Depth 10cm Phosphorus 4ppm 9% 2ppm 20cm 15% 0.5ppm 19% 30cm 0.25ppm

11 Cultivar Escavar Lavar Evaluar

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13 Sistema radical tiene classes Shovelomics

14 SD = Stem diameter, HRN= hypocotyl root number, BRWN = basal root whorl number, BRN = basal root number, TD = tap root diameter, TBD = tap root branching density, BRGA = basal root growth angle

15 Over half of photosynthate in P stressed beans used by roots (mainly respiration)

16 ! Trait! BRWN,& BRN& Variacion fenotipica y genotipica existe!! Low!! Medium!! High! BRGA& HRN& TD&

17 Variacion de angulo de raiz basal

18 Superficial vs profunda arquitectura en Honduras

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20 number of basal roots Basal roots arise from distinct whorls Number of basal roots determined by number of whorls (about 4 roots/whorl) Genotype A: 3 whorls Genotype B: 1 whorl Whorl 1 Whorl 2 Whorl 3 number of whorls

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22 more and less basal roots

23 more whorls -> greater growth under drought 23 research of Katy Barlow

24 more whorls -> greater growth at low P Low P soil Sussundenga, Mozambique Three QTL explain 58% of phenotypic variation in BRWN 9 research of Magalhaes Miguel

25 Combined water and P limitations in Mozambique

26 more basals -> greater growth and yield under combined water and P limitations r 2 =.18 p =.002 r 2 =.24 p=.0004

27 Water (VMC) 4% Depth Phosphorus 4ppm 10cm 9% 2ppm 20cm 15% 0.5ppm 30cm 19% 0.25ppm 40cm

28 Dimorphic Strategy 1 Water (VMC) 4% Depth 10cm Phosphorus 4ppm 9% 2ppm 20cm 15% 0.5ppm 19% 30cm 0.25ppm

29 Dimorphic Strategy 2 Water (VMC) 4% Depth 10cm Phosphorus 4ppm 9% 2ppm 20cm 15% 0.5ppm 19% 30cm 0.25ppm

30 Modeling Root Architectural Strategies Vary basal root growth angle Dimorphic combinations Models from Harini Rangarajan

31 SimRoot indicates shallow BRGA and high ARN good for combined stress

32 Dimorphic architecture limits tradeoffs Deep BRGA, high HRN Shallow BRGA, strong tap

33 Rock Springs 2015: Top performing lines under low P have traits that favor shallow exploration but also have drought tolerance root traits

34 Multilines are genotypic mixtures Single line shallow Single line deep Multiline: shallow and deep Good for low phosphorus Good for drought Good for combined stresses

35 Multilines with Contrasting Root Architecture

36 Howard(G.(Buffett(Foundation(Annual(Report(Form( (Roots(of(the(Brown(Revolution# # One Multiline Superior Under Water Stress Figure'7A.&Boxplot&of&mutliline&yield&under&water&limitation&showing&superior&performance&of& multiline&c&(a&combination&of&l88&57&and&l88&30).&!

37 shoot dry weight g shoot dry weight g One Multiline Superior Under Low P Multiline C Multiline B HP LP HP LP c b

38 Diversidad de cabellos radicales y anatomia de xylema existe P. parvifolius, wild G40182 P. maculatus G40809 P. xanthotrichus P efeciencia Uso efeciente de aqua RHL P. acutifolius ( G40087) wild RHD P. acutifolius (G40078) wild

39 Genetic Variation for Root Anatomy

40 P. vulgaris P. acutifolius

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43 phene synergism for P acquisition 3 RILs per phenotype, field study in low P soil in Mozambique 300 percent increase in plant biomass under low P baseline actual=298.9*** additive=147 hair length short short long long growth angle deep shallow deep shallow research of Magalhaes Miguel 43

44 Combina arcquitectura radical con condiciones locales Arcquitectura y numero de raizes: adventitous, basal, radical Dimorphismo Multilineas Anatomia: Cabellos radicales, xylema Tradeoffs? Estrategies de tolerancia?

45 Estimates of Bean Adaptability with Heat Tolerant Beans with 3 o C advantage Current adaptability The do-nothing scenario Plus 3 degrees adaptation

46 Gracias