1., X37 A (2009)

Transcription

1 , Journal of Anhui Agri. Sci. 2009, 37 (35) : , , 2, 1, 3, 4, 1, 3 (1.,100101; 2.,100101; 3.,100049; 4.,100875),, CO 2 10,4, ;; CENTURY; RothC; DNDC X37 A (2009) Research Rev iew on the Estimation M odels and the Applications of Cropland Carbon Sequestra tion D ENG X iang2zheng et a l ( Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing ) Abstract A long with the depth of global change research, carbon sequestration of crop land has been given more and more concerns by the academ ic community and decision2making circles. A s one of the major form of terrestrial ecosystem s, cropland plays great roles in atmospheric carbon sequestration and inhibits the global warm ing trend. The main research p rogresses on the estimation models and the relevant app lication of crop land carbon sequestration were reviewed. The p rincip le, structure, parameter and p reparation, app lication case validations of four rep2 resentative estimated models of crop land carbon sequestration were summarized, which p rovided models and methods for the estimation of crop2 land carbon sequestration at regional, national and global extents. Key words Crop land carbon sequestration; Carbon sink; CENTURY model; RothC model; DNDC model,,,,, [ 5 ] ,, K 1 K 2 K S, CO 2 (), ; CO 2 2 3,, ,, [ 1 ], [ 2 ] ,, : [ 3 ] dc i /dt = K i f T f W f S C i,,, C i it ; i = 1, 2,, n; 10 S ; K i ; f T f W f S 1 1 d, t di,, Y it :, [ 4 ] Y it = ( K i f T f W f S C i ) (1) , ( ) ; ( KZCX22YW ) ; (2006BAC08B BAC08B BAC43B01) : C it = C io EXP ( K i f T f W f S t) (2) ( ),,,,,, C it C io it (2)t i

2 Y it : Y it = C io - C it = C io [1 - EXP ( K i f T f W f S t) ] (3) C o,f, : C 10 C 20 = F C o 1. 3 (4) = (1 - F) C o , (1): f T =Q 10 ( T S - 10) /10 (5), f T ; T S ( ) ; Q 10 t(d): Q 10 = ( t) / ( t) (6) (2): f W = 0. 49EXP (3. 88W W 2 ) (7), f W, ; W ;, f W (3) : f S = Y /287 = Clay (8), f S ; Clay < mm ; Y(mg) : Y = Clay (9) 100%, Clay1, f S = ,K 1 K 2 K S F K 1 K 2 K S ( < mm0, f s = 1) ( f w = 1)10 ( f T = 1) F,,,( 1) 1 Table 1 M odel parameter of organ ic carbon decomposition of crop2 land soil Parameter Index Values K K 2 K ,, [ 6 ] 1. 5, 7 [ 6 ],, 2 CENTURY CENTURY,, 2. 1 CENTURY, 3,, 5 ;, ;,, 2 [ 7 ], 2. 2 CENTURY, N, [ 8 ] N,,,, 2. 3 CENTURY,,,,,, CENTURY, [ 9-10 ] ph CENTURY, ( ) (mm) 5 000, (0 20 cm) SOC, 2. 4, (0 20 cm) SOC, SOC, SOC

3 , gm - 2 [ 11 ] 2. 5, CENTURY [ 7 ],, CEN2 TURY [ ],, CENTURY, CENTURY10 CENTURY [ 14 ], CENTURY [ 15 ], [ 16 ], [ 9 ], [ 16 ], 2. 6, CENTURY Smith7 CENTURY,CENTURY [ 17 ], CENTURY [ 10 ], 5%, CENTURY 3 RothC RothC, Jenkinson ( SOC) [ 18 ],, RothC, [ ] : (DPM) (RPM) (B IO) ( POM ) (COM ) Jenkinson (HUM ) ( IOM)POM COM DPM RPM,B IO HUM IOM 3 [ 20 ] 3. 2 RothC 2,,,,,, SOC 3. 3 RothC : : PD = 0. 83, PR = , PB = , PP = , PC = ; k ( yr - 1 ) : D PM = 10. 0, RPM = 0. 3, B IO = 0. 66, HUM = 0. 02; 1 : d = , r = , b = , p = , c = ; ( ) : td = , tr = 2. 31, tb = 1. 69, tp = 49. 5, tc = 1980 [21 ] 3. 4 RothC ( SOC) [ 19 ],,,RothC SOC [ 22 ] 3. 5 RothC,, Jenkinson, RothC [ 18 ], B roadbalk Fosters, Highfield W u, RothC,, HUM ( ) 2 [ 23 ] 4 DNDC DNDC New Hamp shire,,,,,, [ 24 ] 4. 1 DNDC,N 2 O,C N CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O NO DNDC, CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O NO N 2, 4. 2 DNDC2 : 1,, ; 2 C N,3 [ 24 ] 6,, DNDC () 4 23 N

4 ,CO 2, 4. 3 DNDC, ( 1 hm 2 ),, 2 [ 25 ] DNDC,DNDC 2 DNDC Table 2 Needed input parameters in DNDC model [ 27 ] 5 No. Kinds Input parameters, CENTURY RothCDNDC 1, 2 3,, 4,,,,,,,,,, 4. 4 DNDC DNDC ;,,;, DNDC,;,DNDC DNDC,,, DNDC,, 3 [ 25 ] 3 DNDC Table 3 O utput parameters in D NDC model No. Item Input parameters 1 pheh, 2 DOC, NO - 2 NH + 4, 3,,, 4 CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O NO N 2 NH DNDC,,DNDC C N N 2 O NO DNDC, DNDC, EFEM2DNDC, 4. 6 DNDC [ 24, 26 ] DNDC [ 18 ] DNDC,,, [1 ] L IN E D,L I Y E, GUO L P. Carbon emissions and sinks in agro2eco2sys2 tems of China[J ]. Science in China (Series C), 2002, 45 (S1: [2 ],. [J ]., 2007, 16 (6) : [3 ],,,. : [J ]., 2005, 26 (2) : [ 4 ] REEVES D W. The role of soil organic matter in maintaining soil quality in continuous cropping system [J ]. Soil and Tillage Research, 1997, 43: [5 ],,,. [ J ]., 2001, 34 (5) : [6 ],,,. [J ]., 2001, 34 (6) : [7 ] SM ITH J B,WEISS S F, FERGUSON G J. A hypertextwriting environment and its cognitive basis, proceedings of hypertext 87[M ]. New York: ACM Press, [8 ] PARTON W J, SCH IMEL D S, SOLE C V. Analysis of factors controlling soil organic matter levels in great plains grasslands in semi2arid Regions [M ]. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, [9 ],,. CENTURY [J ]., 2004, 15 (5) : [10 ],,,. CENTURY [J ]., 2006, 22 (1) : [11 ],,,. [J ]., 2006, 43 (5) : [12 ] PARTON W J, RASMUSSEN P E. Long2term effects of crop management in wheat2fallow[j ]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1994, 58: [ 13 ] KELLY R H, PATON W J, CROCKER G J, et al. Simulating trends in soil organic carbon in long2term experiments using the CENTURYmodel[J ]. Geoderma, 1997, 81 (1 /2) : [14 ],,. [ J ]., 1996, 38 (1) : [15 ]. Century[ J ]., 2000, 24 (2) : [16 ],,,. C N [ J ]., 2003, 27 (5) : (17691 )

5 ,,,, 2. 5,,,,,, 6, 5,, 3,, 3 Test No. 2 L 9 ( 3 4 ) Table 2 The results of L 9 ( 3 4 ) orthogonal experimen t A B C D % Resistant starch yield K K K k k k R F ig. 6 Effects of differen t autoclaving cooling cycle on the for2 mation of resistant starch , : A >B > C >D, > > >, A 2 B 3 C 1 D 2, : 70%, 135, 40 min, 60, % 3,, : 135, 40 min, 70%, 4,3, % [1 ],,,. [J ]., 2007 (5) : [2 ] ENGLYST H N, ANDERSEN V, CUMM INGS J H. Starch and non2starch polysaccharides in some cereal foods[ J ]. J Sci Food Agric, 1983, 34: [3 ] EURESTA. European flair2concerted action on resistant starch, Newletter IV. News letter[c ]. The Netherlands: September, Human Nutrition Depart2 ment,wageninggen Agriculture University,Wageningen, [4 ] BRYNES S, DENYER G, BRAD M J. The physiological role of resistant starch Proc[J ]. Nutr Soc Aust, 2000, 18: [ 5 ] MU IR J G,BR IKETTA,BROWN L, et al. Digestion of the polysaccharides of some Cereal foods in the human small intestine [ J ]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2000, 15 (6) : [6 ],,,. [ J ]., 2003, 25 (2) : [7 ] GON I I, GARCIA2D IZ L,MANAS E, et al. Analysis of resistant starch: a method for foodsand food products[j ]. Food Chemistry, 1996, 56 (4) : [8 ],. [ J ]., 2002 (6) : [9 ],. [ J ]., 2001 (6) : (17652 ) [17 ] SM ITH P, SM ITH J U, POWLSON D S, et al. A comparison of the per2 formance of nine soil organic matter models using datasets from long2term experiments[j ]. Geoderma, 1997, 81 (1 /2) : [ 18 ] JENKINSON D S. The Rothamsted long2term experiments:are they still of use[j ]. Agronomy Journal, 1991, 83: [19 ],. [ J ]., 2002 (9) : [20 ],,,. RothC [ J ]., 2003, 36 (11) : [21 ],,,. [J ]., 2003, 14 (10) : [22 ],,,. [J ]., 2005, 25 (3) : [23 ] WU J, SYERS J K. Modeling soil organic matter changes in leyarabe rota2 tions in sandy soils of Northeast Thailand [ J ]. European Journal of Soil Science, 1998, 49: [24 ],,,. DNDC [J ]., 2007, 38 (6) : [25 ]. DNDC [ J ]., 2001, 21 (2) : [26 ] TANG H,Q IU J,VAN RANST E, et al. Estimations of soil organic carbon storage in cropland of China based on DNDC model[j ]. Geoderma, 2006, 134 (1 /2) : [27 ],,,. DNDC [J ]., 2004, 9 (6) :