Introduction to HadGEM2-ES. Crown copyright Met Office
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1 Introduction to HadGEM2-ES
2 Earth System Modelling How the climate will evolve depends on feedbacks Ecosystems Aerosols Chemistry Global-scale impacts require ES components Surface temperature Insolation River run-off Air quality Food resources
3 HadGEM2-ES HadGEM2-ES is designed to run the major scenarios for IPCC 5AR Hadley Centre s standard climate model. Not the last word on Earth System Modelling at the Met Office Not HadGEM2-ES+ More complex chemistry/aerosols? Nitrogen cycling Research tool Not HadGEM3-ES New ES components (probably QUESM-based)
4 The climate system HadGEM2-ES CLIMATE Direct and Indirect Effects Greenhouse Effect Human Emissions AEROSOLS GHG s Fe deposition Oxidants: OH, H 2 O 2 HO 2,O 3 DMS, Mineral dust CH 4, O 3, CO 2 Human Emissions Human Emissions CHEMISTRY Biogenic Emissions:CH 4 Dry deposition: stomatal conductance ECOSYSTEMS Land-use Change
5 HadGEM2-ES Components Fully coupled Earth System Model Atmosphere, ocean, sea-ice, land surface HadGEM2-AO + new hydrology scheme (wetland methane) Land ecosystems: dynamic vegetation, soil C TRIFFID, RothC Ocean ecosystems: NPZD, diatoms, non-diatoms, Diat-HadOCC Aerosols: Sulphate, BC, OC, dust, sea salt Current aerosol scheme, with some improvements Tropospheric chemistry: ozone, methane, oxidants UKCA
6 UKCA Tropospheric Chemistry CH4-CO-NOx-HOx-NMHCs chemistry scheme 24 Tracers and 46 Species Prescribed photolysis rates and upper boundary Emissions: Surface, aircraft, and lightning Wet and dry deposition
7 UKCA Evaluation Surface CH 4 Various statistical measures of skill are also calculated (e.g. AAMB, RAMB, Model score, etc..)
8 UKCA Evaluation O 3 Profiles
9 UKCA Evaluation O 3 Profiles Poor performance of prescribed ozone in the lower troposphere Performance comparable in the UTLS region
10 UKCA Evaluation O 3 Profiles
11 Aerosols in HadGEM2-ES: Changes since HadGEM1 Sulphate Biomass-Burning Aerosols Biogenic Aerosols Fossil Fuel Organic Carbon Mineral Dust Sea Salt Black Carbon (soot) Improved New Same
12 Overall Aerosol Performance
13 New Couplings Chemistry - Radiation (O 3, CH 4 ) Chemistry - Hydrology (Wetland CH 4 ems) Chemistry - Sulphate (UKCA oxidants) Sulphate - Ocean Biology (DMS emissions) Dust - Ocean Biology (Fe fertilisation)
14 Impact of Chemistry on Climate Run A: HadGEM2-A Run B: Run A + TropMatch OFF Run C: Run B + O 3 Rad. Feedback ON Run D: Run C + CH 4 Rad. Feedback ON
15 Impact of Interactive Ozone (1) Prescribed O3 (A) Interactive O3 (C) Abs. Difference (C A) Rel. Difference Zonal Annual Mean Ozone
16 Impact of Interactive Ozone (2) A C-A DJF Temp. A - ECMWF C - ECMWF Very little impact on tropospheric temperatures
17 Impact of Interactive Ozone (3) A C - A DJF Temp. A - ECMWF C - ECMWF Warm tropical tropopause bias becomes larger
18 Impact of Tropopause Matching A B - A DJF Temp. A - ECMWF B - ECMWF Worsening of Warm Bias cannot be attributed to Tropopause Matching
19 Impact of Interactive Methane (1) Prescribed CH4 (A/B/C) Interactive CH4 (D) Abs. Difference (D-C) Rel. Difference Zonal Annual Mean Methane
20 Impact of Interactive Methane (2) C D - C DJF Temp. C - ECMWF D - ECMWF Reduction in cold bias in N.H. winter stratosphere
21 Conclusions HadGEM2-ES now built at UMvn6.1 Evaluation of tropospheric chemistry Aerosol Improvements New aerosols: Biogenic, OCFF, and Dust Impact of chemistry on the mean climate Now building model at UMvn6.6
22 Sulphate Scheme Updated from Jones et al. (2001) and Roberts and Jones (2004) by: With SO2+O3 Without SO2+O3 Improved partitioning between Aitken and accumulation modes Inclusion of aqueous oxidation of dissolved SO 2 by O 3 Winter time sulphate over Europe
23 Biomass-Burning Aerosols Updated from Davison et al. (2004) by: Altering size distribution of aged aerosol Reducing absorption Including hygroscopic growth Reducing ageing timescale Changing emissions
24 Biogenic Aerosols Introduced into HadGEM2 as: Monthly climatology Fields derived from terpene oxidation scheme in STOCHEM Size distribution and optical properties from ground-based observations
25 Fossil Fuel Organic Carbon Similar to BB scheme Fresh, aged, and in-cloud components Size distribution and optical properties similar to BB aerosols Emissions from AeroCom
26 Mineral Dust Added in HadGEM2 AOD Surf. Dust Scheme from Woodward (2001) Updated emissions scheme
27 Overall Aerosol Performance
28 New Couplings Chemistry - Radiation (O 3, CH 4 ) Chemistry - Hydrology (Wetland CH 4 ems) Chemistry - Sulphate (UKCA oxidants) Sulphate - Ocean Biology (DMS emissions) Dust - Ocean Biology (Fe fertilisation)
29 Conclusions Introduced tropospheric chemistry scheme Evaluation of tropospheric chemistry Sulphate and BB Aerosol Improvements New aerosols: Biogenic, OCFF, and Dust New couplings: Assess biogeochemical feedbacks in the climate system
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