Existing modelling studies on shellfish
|
|
- Alexandrina Bailey
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Existing modelling studies on shellfish Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques IFREMER Port-en-Bessin, France
2 Worldwide production of cultured shellfish GENIMPACT February 2007
3 Main species and producers worldwide GENIMPACT February 2007
4 Main species and producers in the EU GENIMPACT February 2007
5 Good knowledge of the genetics of cultured shellfish stocks Quantitative genetics Life history traits during larval and juvenile stage (developmental rate, growth rate, survival; e.g. Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis) Production traits during spat and adult stage (growth rate and survival; e.g. Crassostrea gigas, mussels of the Mytilus genus and scallops of the Argopecten genus) Disease resistance (e.g. Ostrea edulis) Genetic impacts of aquaculture Effect of inbreeding (e.g. Crassostrea gigas, Ostrea edulis, Pecten maximus ) Loss of neutral genetic variability in selected strains (e.g. Crassostrea virginica and Ostrea edulis) Neutral and quantitative genetic impact of rearing practices (e.g. Crassostrea gigas) Polyploidy Way of producing triploids Effect of polyploidy on somatic growth and reproduction Two noticeable gaps The potential loss in quantitative genetic variability due to selection and its implications for the potential for adaptation The potential fitness consequences of artificial selection and their implication for local adaptation
6 A few empirical studies focusing on genetic impacts of escapes The invasion of introduced non-native species and their effect on endogenous specie through competition (Crassostrea gigas), The hybridisation between non-native species and closely related endogenous species (Crassostrea genus, Mytilus genus and Pinctada genus), The differences in terms of local adaptation between cultured strains originating from different geographical locations (Crassostrea gigas), The loss of genetic structure and potentially of local adaptation in wild populations due to the translocation of individuals between different geographical locations for farming purposes (Pinctada margaritifera and Pecten maximus).
7 No modelling study on the genetic impact of escapes Strategy Identify specificities of shellfish as compared to finfish in terms of biology and farming practices Identify related pressing questions regarding the risk of genetic impacts of cultured stocks on wild populations in shellfish Review existing models of shellfish population dynamics and ecology Propose ways to further develop these models to include genetics and use them to assess the risk of genetic impacts of cultured shellfish stocks on wild populations
8 Shellfish specificities Biology: Dispersal can only occur during the pelagic larval stage since later stages are sessile influence on gene flow. Dispersal depends on 4 main determinants: Hydrodynamics, Developmental and survival rate of larvae (which in turn depend on temperature, salinity and food availability) Availability of suitable substrate for settlement when metamorphic stage reache Sexual determinism: most shellfish are hermaphrodites affect sex ratio and reproductive success Either protandric sequential hermaphrodite (male and then female) Or simultaneous hermaphrodite Mating: most shellfish are mass spawners with external fertilization high degree of gene mixing and spread in the population Farming Most of the production rely on natural settlement, shellfish aquaculture is almost fishing main effect of farming: modifying selective pressures experienced by juveniles and adults Most farming in the wild: massive introduction of hatchery produced individuals (among which selected strains and triploids) even if still low percentage compared to natural settlement high probability of interaction between cultured and wild populations (not just a few escapees)
9 Pressing questions in the case of shellfish The impact of the introduction of non-native species on local populations (e.g. Crassostrea genus, Pinctada genus and Mytilus genus) either through competitive exclusion of endogenous species or through hybridisation with closely related endogenous species The potential loss of local adaptation of wild populations due to changes in their genetic make up and fitness by hybridisation with unintentionally (domestication, changes of selective pressures due to farming) or intentionally (breeding program) selected strains The estimation of gene flow between wild populations and partially sterile triploids that are massively introduced in the wild as well as with potential escapes of tetraploids from hatcheries.
10 Existing modelling studies on shellfish population dynamics Deal with the interactions with the environment and the consequences on population dynamics in order to assess the carrying capacity of the ecosystem (typically a bay, an estuary or a lagoon) in terms of aquaculture production and to optimise rearing practices and management Most of these models based on three main modules: Module for the spatio-temporal dynamics of hydro-biological conditions: Hydrodynamics; Hydrological parameters: temperature, salinity, oxygen Biogeochemical cycle of nutrients: ammonium, phosphates, nitrates and silicates Primary production: micro-phytoplancton Module for the bioenergetics of shellfish which determine life history traits (growth, reproduction and survival) coupled with hydro-biological module through The effect of temperature, salinity and oxygen on physiology; Food availability (micro-phytoplankton) Module for the population dynamics: Scaling up on the bases of the life history traits emerging from the bioenergetic module.
11 Further development of existing models Existing models for polyculture could be used as a basis for modelling the risks of genetic impacts of cultured stocks on wild populations since modelling several species is rather similar to modelling several populations One strong limitation though is that current model do not consider closed life cycles: neglect reproduction and natural recruitment making the simplifying assumption that farmers determine seeding density Four components should be added to close the life cycle the reproductive processes at the individual level (sex determinism and fecundity) the probability of gametes encounter according to spatial location pelagic larval life history (developmental rate, growth rate and survival rate) dispersal and settlement locations The main difficulty lies in the probability of gamete encounter, dispersal and settlement The hydro-biological underlying module should allow to be able to predict these processes Recent developments have shown that it is possible to predict dispersal and geographical distribution of shellfish populations from such hydro-biological models
12 Modelling genetic impacts of escapes Models with closed life cycles coupled with a genetic module should be able to to model the interactions between cultured stocks and wild populations: gene flow mostly depends on: Dispersal which would be included thanks to the hydro-biological module Farming practices (translocation, introduction of polyploids, selective harvesting, etc.) which can be introduced as forcing variables However, some specific empirical knowledge is still missing to parameterise models in order to adress genetic impacts of cultured stocks on wild populations through modelling: genetic variability in terms of both neutral markers and quantitative traits within wild populations, although well documented for cultured stocks, differences in terms of life-history traits between wild populations and cultured stocks differences in terms of population dynamics and fitness life history traits of hybrids population dynamics and fitness Technical developments and the empirical limitations have to be tackled if any progress is to be expected.
The medium2term growth and development of hybrid bet ween Chinese and Japanese populations of Chlamys farreri
27 3 2003 6 JOURNAL OF FISHERIES OF CHINA Vol. 27, No. 3 J une, 2003 :1000-0615 (2003) 03-0193 - 07 1,3, 2, 1, 2, 1 1, (1., 266071; 2., 116023; 3., 712100) : (C) (J ) 9 (11 13 16 18 ), ; 4 4 5 % 50 %,
More informationX-Sheet 3 Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis
X-Sheet 3 Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis 13 Key Concepts In this session we will focus on summarising what you need to know about: Revise Mitosis (Grade 11), the process of meiosis, First Meiotic division,
More informationThermal and ph tolerance of farmed, wild and first generation farmed-wild hybrid salmon (Salmo salar)
Thermal and ph tolerance of farmed, wild and first generation farmed-wild hybrid salmon (Salmo salar) D. Hamoutene, L. Lush, I. Costa, K. Burt, J. Perez-Casanova, J. Caines Fisheries and Oceans Canada,
More informationAmerican Harris mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii
American Harris mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841) in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea): distribution, population structure and basic physiological processes Joanna Hegele-Drywa Alien
More informationHistory and meaning of the word Ecology A. Definition 1. Oikos, ology - the study of the house - the place we live
History and meaning of the word Ecology A. Definition 1. Oikos, ology - the study of the house - the place we live B. Etymology study of the origin and development of a word 1. Earliest - Haeckel (1869)
More informationWhat do plants compete for? What do animals compete for? What is a gamete and what do they carry? What is a gene?
How are these animals adapted to their surroundings: - a) Polar bear b) Camel c) Cactus What do plants compete for? What do animals compete for? What is a gamete and what do they carry? What is a gene?
More informationClimate change, ocean acidification and individual-based models: Why the little things matter
Climate change, ocean acidification and individual-based models: Why the little things matter Author Richards, Russell, Meynecke, Olaf, Chaloupka, M, Tomlinson, Rodger Benson Published 2012 Conference
More information5. Reproduction and Recruitment
5. Reproduction and Recruitment Sexual vs Asexual Reproduction Reproductive effort Developmental types Developmental trends What is recruitment Factors affecting recruitment Process of larval habitat selection
More informationReproduction and Evolution Practice Exam
Reproduction and Evolution Practice Exam Topics: Genetic concepts from the lecture notes including; o Mitosis and Meiosis, Homologous Chromosomes, Haploid vs Diploid cells Reproductive Strategies Heaviest
More informationAquaculture Biology Laboratory
Aquaculture Biology Laboratory Faculty of Fisheries Nagasaki University Professor: Dr. Atsushi Hagiwara (hagiwara@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp) Associate Professor: Dr. Yoshitaka Sakakura (sakakura@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp)
More informationThe Origin of Species
The Origin of Species Introduction A species can be defined as a group of organisms whose members can breed and produce fertile offspring, but who do not produce fertile offspring with members of other
More information5. Reproduction and Recruitment
5. Reproduction and Recruitment Sexual vs Asexual Reproduction Reproductive effort Developmental types Trends in reproductive ecology What is recruitment? Factors affecting recruitment Process of larval
More informationTriploid-tetraploid Technology for Oyster Aquaculture Industry
Triploid-tetraploid Technology for Oyster Aquaculture Industry Huiping Yang University of Florida 7922 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL 32653 Phone: 352-294-0671, Email: huipingyang@ufl.edu 3618 Coastal
More informationChapter 17: Population Genetics and Speciation
Chapter 17: Population Genetics and Speciation Section 1: Genetic Variation Population Genetics: Normal Distribution: a line graph showing the general trends in a set of data of which most values are near
More informationGenetic Interactions Between Cultured and Wild Fish Stocks
Genetic Interactions Between Cultured and Wild Fish Stocks Considerations for the Genetic Management of Offshore Aquaculture Michael D. Tringali, Ph.D. Research Scientist Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation
More informationIdentifying species and ecosystem sensitivities. Appendix 9. Species biology and sensitivity key information pro forma. (September 1999 onwards)
Appendix 9. Species biology and sensitivity key information pro forma. (September 1999 onwards) Scientific name (Authority and Date) Common name(s) 4. Date last updated 5. MCS / Ulster Museum species code
More informationEvolutionary Patterns, Rates, and Trends
Evolutionary Patterns, Rates, and Trends Macroevolution Major patterns and trends among lineages Rates of change in geologic time Comparative Morphology Comparing body forms and structures of major lineages
More informationAP Biology Notes Outline Enduring Understanding 1.C. Big Idea 1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life.
AP Biology Notes Outline Enduring Understanding 1.C Big Idea 1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. Enduring Understanding 1.C: Life continues to evolve within a changing environment.
More informationBiology 213 Summer 2004 Midterm III Choose the most correct answer and mark it on the scantron sheet. (2 pts each)
Biology 213 Summer 2004 Midterm III Choose the most correct answer and mark it on the scantron sheet. (2 pts each) 1. Evolution is a. a change in allele frequency in a population b. occurred in the past
More informationSpeciation and Patterns of Evolution
Speciation and Patterns of Evolution What is a species? Biologically, a species is defined as members of a population that can interbreed under natural conditions Different species are considered reproductively
More informationChapter 5 Evolution of Biodiversity. Sunday, October 1, 17
Chapter 5 Evolution of Biodiversity CHAPTER INTRO: The Dung of the Devil Read and Answer Questions Provided Module 14 The Biodiversity of Earth After reading this module you should be able to understand
More informationIdentifying risks of geoduck aquaculture: the role of larval transport
Material intended for presentation only. Please do not cite, copy or distribute Bivalve life cycle: a simplified view however: High fecundities (female geoduck 50 million eggs/year) High larval mortalities
More informationIUCN Red List Process. Cormack Gates Keith Aune
IUCN Red List Process Cormack Gates Keith Aune The IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria have several specific aims to provide a system that can be applied consistently by different people; to improve
More information5/31/2012. Speciation and macroevolution - Chapter
Speciation and macroevolution - Chapter Objectives: - Review meiosis -Species -Repro. Isolating mechanisms - Speciation -Is evolution always slow -Extinction How Are Populations, Genes, And Evolution Related?
More informationThe Freshwater Pearl Mussel: Threats and Conservation
The Freshwater Pearl Mussel: Threats and Conservation Prof. Dr. Jürgen Geist Aquatic Systems Biology Unit geist@wzw.tum.de Freshwater Mussels in Peril Redrawn from The Nature Conservancy and NatureServe
More information2/16/2015. After this lecture, you will be able to: Evolution, Biodiversity and Population Ecology. Natural selection
Evolution, Biodiversity and Population Ecology After this lecture, you will be able to: Chapter 3 Explain the process of natural selection and cite evidence for this process Describe the ways in which
More informationEvolutionary Forces. What changes populations (Ch. 17)
Evolutionary Forces What changes populations (Ch. 17) Forces of evolutionary change Natural selection traits that improve survival or reproduction accumulate in the population ADAPTIVE change Genetic drift
More informationMicroevolutionary changes show us how populations change over time. When do we know that distinctly new species have evolved?
Microevolutionary changes show us how populations change over time. When do we know that distinctly new species have evolved? Critical to determining the limits of a species is understanding if two populations
More information9-1 The Work of Gregor
9-1 The Work of Gregor 11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel Mendel 1 of 32 11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel Gregor Mendel s Peas Gregor Mendel s Peas Genetics is the scientific study of heredity. Gregor Mendel
More informationChapter 14 The Origin of Species
Chapter 14 The Origin of Species PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture by Joan
More informationExploring the effect of temperature change on the spatial distribution of benthic species with an IBM-DEB model
Exploring the effect of temperature change on the spatial distribution of benthic species with an IBM-DEB model Yoann THOMAS, Alain Ménesguen, Cédric Bacher C. gigas, Bay of Brest 48 N Effects of seawater
More informationConservation Challenges for the Freshwater Pearl Mussel in Europe
Conservation Challenges for the Freshwater Pearl Mussel in Europe Prof. Dr. Jürgen Geist Aquatic Systems Biology geist@wzw.tum.de Freshwater Mussels in Peril Redrawn from The Nature Conservancy and NatureServe
More informationEcotoxicological impacts of microplastics on marine organisms, including species providing a source of food
Ecotoxicological impacts of microplastics on marine organisms, including species providing a source of food Andy Booth 1, Amy Lusher 2, Chelsea Rochman 3 1 SINTEF Environmental Technology, Norway 2 National
More informationECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN JUVENILE TRIPLOID AND DIPLOID ATLANTIC SALMON
ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN JUVENILE TRIPLOID AND DIPLOID ATLANTIC SALMON Stephanie Ratelle Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 6E1, Canada tel (506) 453-4583;
More informationHistory and meaning of the word Ecology A. Definition 1. Oikos, ology - the study of the house - the place we live
History and meaning of the word Ecology. Definition 1. Oikos, ology - the study of the house - the place we live. Etymology - origin and development of the the word 1. Earliest - Haeckel (1869) - comprehensive
More informationThe Origin of Species
Chapter 24 The Origin of Species PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
More informationBiological Evolution
Biological Evolution What is Evolution Evolution is descent with modification Microevolution = changes in gene (allele) frequency in a population from one generation to the next Macroevolution = descent
More information1/30/2012. Review. Speciation and macroevolution - Chapter
Speciation and macroevolution - Chapter Objectives: - Review meiosis -Species -Repro. Isolating mechanisms - Speciation -Is evolution always slow -Extinction Review Meiosis: division of cells that results
More informationDisciplinary Core List of Standards (NGSS) for 6-8 Life Science Progression
LS1.A: Structure and Function - All living things are made up of cells, which is the smallest unit that can be said to be alive. An organism may consist of one single cell (unicellular) or many different
More informationScience 9 Unit 1 Practice Test - KEY
Science 9 Unit 1 Practice est - KEY I. Multiple Choice Choose the best answer. Julie is interested in becoming an evolutionary biologist. he following questions relate to some of the issues she will face
More information11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel. The Work of Gregor Mendel
11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel The Work of Gregor Mendel Gregor Mendel s Peas! Gregor Mendel s Peas Genetics is the scientific study of heredity. " Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk. His work was important
More informationAim. To understand the difficulties inherent in defining a species and factors contributing to speciation
Aim To understand the difficulties inherent in defining a species and factors contributing to speciation Topic Summary: https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=2oklkmrblou D2: Species &
More informationMOLLUSCAN AQUACULTURE - INTRODUCTION
1 MOLLUSCAN AQUACULTURE - INTRODUCTION Mollusks have been cultured since the time of the Romans, who in particular, considered oysters a delicacy. The latest aquaculture production figures from FAO (see
More informationScience Unit Learning Summary
Learning Summary Inheritance, variation and evolution Content Sexual and asexual reproduction. Meiosis leads to non-identical cells being formed while mitosis leads to identical cells being formed. In
More informationThese next few slides correspond with 23.4 in your book. Specifically follow along on page Use your book and it will help you!
These next few slides correspond with 23.4 in your book. Specifically follow along on page 462-468. Use your book and it will help you! How does natural selection actually work? Natural selection acts
More informationDarwinian Selection. Chapter 7 Selection I 12/5/14. v evolution vs. natural selection? v evolution. v natural selection
Chapter 7 Selection I Selection in Haploids Selection in Diploids Mutation-Selection Balance Darwinian Selection v evolution vs. natural selection? v evolution ² descent with modification ² change in allele
More informationPractical Genetics for Aquaculture
BOOK REVIEW Practical Genetics for Aquaculture C.G. Lutz Fishing News Books, London. Distributed in the United States by Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA. (2001) xi+ 235 pp. ISBN 0-85238-285-5. $US
More informationMutation, Selection, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift, and Nonrandom Mating Results in Evolution
Mutation, Selection, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift, and Nonrandom Mating Results in Evolution 15.2 Intro In biology, evolution refers specifically to changes in the genetic makeup of populations over time.
More informationBiology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
BIG IDEA I The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. Enduring Understanding 1.C Life continues to evolve within a changing environment. Essential Knowledge 1.C.1 Speciation and extinction
More informationNot to be cited without obtaining permission from authors
Linking larval transport and fisheries demographic models to study the influence of environmental variability and larval behavior on juvenile recruitment to oyster populations E. W. North 1*, J. H. Vølstad
More informationoverproduction variation adaptation Natural Selection speciation adaptation Natural Selection speciation
Evolution Evolution Chapters 22-25 Changes in populations, species, or groups of species. Variances of the frequency of heritable traits that appear from one generation to the next. 2 Areas of Evolutionary
More informationEvolution 1 Star. 6. The different tools used during the beaks of finches lab represented. A. feeding adaptations in finches
Name: Date: 1. ccording to modern evolutionary theory, genes responsible for new traits that help a species survive in a particular environment will usually. not change in frequency. decrease gradually
More informationNOTES CH 24: The Origin of Species
NOTES CH 24: The Origin of Species Species Hummingbirds of Costa Rica SPECIES: a group of individuals that mate with one another and produce fertile offspring; typically members of a species appear similar
More informationChapter 5. Evolution of Biodiversity
Chapter 5. Evolution of Biodiversity I. Earth s tremendous diversity A. life comes in many forms B. Recall 1. we can think of biodiversity in three ways a) genetic diversity b) species diversity c) ecosystem
More informationWHAT IS BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY?
WHAT IS BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY? Biological diversity or biodiversity is the variety of life - the wealth of life forms found on earth. 9 WHAT IS BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY? Wilcox s (1984) definition: Biological
More informationUON, CAS, DBSC, General Biology II (BIOL102) Dr. Mustafa. A. Mansi. The Origin of Species
The Origin of Species Galápagos Islands, landforms newly emerged from the sea, despite their geologic youth, are filled with plants and animals known no-where else in the world, Speciation: The origin
More informationLarval Dispersal Modeling of Pearl Oyster Pinctada margaritifera following Realistic Environmental and Biological Forcing in Ahe Atoll Lagoon
Larval Dispersal Modeling of Pearl Oyster Pinctada margaritifera following Realistic Environmental and Biological Forcing in Ahe Atoll Lagoon Yoann Thomas 1 *, Franck Dumas 2, Serge Andréfouët 1 1 Institut
More informationAdaptive harvest under invasive induced mortality
Adaptive harvest under invasive induced mortality Jon Olaf Olaussen*,Yajie Liu**, Anders Skonhoft*** *Trondheim Business School **Sintef Fisheries & Aquaculture ***Department of Economics, NTNU Wild salmon:
More informationTesting for Grazer Adaptation to Toxic Algae
Testing for Grazer Adaptation to Toxic Algae by Michael B. Finiguerra, Hans G. Dam, and David E. Avery Part I Introduction and Background Phytoplankton, microscopic single-celled algae, are natural components
More informationEVOLUTION Unit 1 Part 9 (Chapter 24) Activity #13
AP BIOLOGY EVOLUTION Unit 1 Part 9 (Chapter 24) Activity #13 NAME DATE PERIOD SPECIATION SPECIATION Origin of new species SPECIES BIOLOGICAL CONCEPT Population or groups of populations whose members have
More informationThe phenotype of this worm is wild type. When both genes are mutant: The phenotype of this worm is double mutant Dpy and Unc phenotype.
Series 1: Cross Diagrams There are two alleles for each trait in a diploid organism In C. elegans gene symbols are ALWAYS italicized. To represent two different genes on the same chromosome: When both
More informationSexual Reproduction and Genetics
Sexual Reproduction and Genetics Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction This means that it only requires 1 organism (ex. Skin cells dividing) For growth and repair in somatic (body) cells! Results
More informationChapter 4 Warm Ups MRS. HILLIARD
Chapter 4 Warm Ups MRS. HILLIARD Work on all missing assignments and Test Remediation Topics Chapter 4 Vocabulary 1. Ecosystem- a community of organisms and their abiotic environment. 2. Biotic factor-
More informationAggregations on larger scales. Metapopulation. Definition: A group of interconnected subpopulations Sources and Sinks
Aggregations on larger scales. Metapopulation Definition: A group of interconnected subpopulations Sources and Sinks Metapopulation - interconnected group of subpopulations sink source McKillup and McKillup
More informationChapter 5 Evolution of Biodiversity
Chapter 5 Evolution of Biodiversity Earth is home to a tremendous diversity of species diversity- the variety of ecosystems within a given region. diversity- the variety of species in a given ecosystem.
More informationWhat makes something alive? Prokaryotic Cells. Two Main Classes of Cells. Eukaryotic Cell Structure. What features define living systems?
What makes something alive? What features define living systems? 1. Composed of a common organization of atoms, molecules, cells... with emergent properties. 2. Share a similar chemical composition. 3.
More informationCh 5. Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology. Part 1: Foundations of Environmental Science
Ch 5 Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology Part 1: Foundations of Environmental Science PowerPoint Slides prepared by Jay Withgott and Heidi Marcum Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing
More informationLive Feeds for Marine Fish Larvae. Aquaculture Center for Training, Education and Demonstration
Live Feeds for Marine Fish Larvae Aquaculture Center for Training, Education and Demonstration Why live feeds? Important Criteria For Selecting Live Feeds Is it the appropriate size for target species?
More informationCh. 4 - Population Ecology
Ch. 4 - Population Ecology Ecosystem all of the living organisms and nonliving components of the environment in an area together with their physical environment How are the following things related? mice,
More informationMajor questions of evolutionary genetics. Experimental tools of evolutionary genetics. Theoretical population genetics.
Evolutionary Genetics (for Encyclopedia of Biodiversity) Sergey Gavrilets Departments of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-6 USA Evolutionary
More informationPopulation Ecology NRM
Population Ecology NRM What do we need? MAKING DECISIONS Consensus working through views until agreement among all CONSENSUS Informed analyze options through respectful discussion INFORMED DECISION Majority
More informationProcesses of Evolution
Processes of Evolution Microevolution Processes of Microevolution How Species Arise Macroevolution Microevolution Population: localized group of individuals belonging to the same species with the potential
More information3 Ecological and Evolutionary Principles. Notes for Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, Ecology by Jeffrey S. Levinton
3 Ecological and Evolutionary Principles Notes for Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, Ecology by Jeffrey S. Levinton Ecological hierarchy Population-level processes Individual interactions The Ecological
More informationA. Incorrect! Form is a characteristic used in the morphological species concept.
CLEP Biology - Problem Drill 23: Evolutionary Processes No. 1 of 10 The biological-species concept is based on. (A) Form. (B) Similar size. (C) Similar appearance to all other individuals in the population.
More informationGrowth & Development. Characteristics of Living Things. What is development? Movement. What is a cell?
Characteristics of Living Things made of cells growth acquire and use energy reproduction movement adaptation respond to stimuli/homeostasis interdependence organization What is development? What are some
More informationWhen one gene is wild type and the other mutant:
Series 2: Cross Diagrams Linkage Analysis There are two alleles for each trait in a diploid organism In C. elegans gene symbols are ALWAYS italicized. To represent two different genes on the same chromosome:
More informationScience 9: Unit 1 Quiz Topics 4 8
Science 9: Unit 1 Quiz Topics 4 8 I. Multiple Choice Choose the best answer. Julie is interested in becoming an evolutionary biologist. The following questions relate to some of the issues she will face
More informationCHAPTER 5. Interactions in the Ecosystem
CHAPTER 5 Interactions in the Ecosystem 1 SECTION 3.3 - THE ECOSYSTEM 2 SECTION 3.3 - THE ECOSYSTEM Levels of Organization Individual one organism from a species. Species a group of organisms so similar
More informationSAMPLE COURSE OUTLINE BIOLOGY GENERAL YEAR 12
SAMPLE COURSE OUTLINE BIOLOGY GENERAL YEAR 12 Copyright School Curriculum and Standards Authority, 2015 This document apart from any third party copyright material contained in it may be freely copied,
More informationHeredity and Evolution
Heredity and Variation Heredity and Evolution Living organisms have certain recognisable heritable features such as height, complexion, colour of hair and eyes, shape of nose and chin etc. These are called
More informationIII Introduction to Populations III Introduction to Populations A. Definitions A population is (Krebs 2001:116) a group of organisms same species
III Introduction to s III Introduction to s A. Definitions B. characteristics, processes, and environment C. Uses of dynamics D. Limits of a A. Definitions What is a? A is (Krebs 2001:116) a group of organisms
More informationEvolution - Unifying Theme of Biology Microevolution Chapters 13 &14
Evolution - Unifying Theme of Biology Microevolution Chapters 13 &14 New Synthesis Natural Selection Unequal Reproductive Success Examples and Selective Forces Types of Natural Selection Speciation http://www.biology-online.org/2/11_natural_selection.htm
More informationThe Origin of Species
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 24 The Origin of Species Lectures
More informationReview of Mitosis and Meiosis
Review of Mitosis and Meiosis NOTE: Since you will have already had an introduction to both mitosis and meiosis in Biol 204 & 205, this lecture is structured as a review. See the text for a more thorough
More informationCell division and multiplication
CELL DIVISION Cell division and multiplication As we already mentioned, the genetic information contained in the nucleus is hereditary Meaning it is passed on from cell to cell; from parent to child This
More informationSpeciation Plant Sciences, 2001Updated: June 1, 2012 Gale Document Number: GALE CV
is the process of evolution by which new species arise. The key factor causing speciation is the appearance of genetic differences between two populations, which result from evolution by natural selection.
More informationThe relationship environment/life trajectory/physiological performance examined through the example of marine fish
The relationship environment/life trajectory/physiological performance examined through the example of marine fish José Zambonino Head of the Ifremer-ARN laboratory Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition
More informationBiology of Reproduction Spring 2007
Biology of Reproduction Spring 2007 Louis Guillette Office: 528 Bartram Hall Office Hours: Tuesday/Thursday period 4 (10:40-11:25) Phone: 392-1098; Email: ljg@zoo.ufl.edu http://www.zoo.ufl.edu/ljg/courses/index.htm
More informationEvolution of Populations. Populations evolve. Changes in populations. Natural selection acts on individuals differential survival. Populations evolve
Evolution of Populations Doonesbury - Sunday February 8, 2004 Populations evolve Natural selection acts on individuals differential survival differential reproductive success survival of the fittest who
More informationBiology 11 UNIT 1: EVOLUTION LESSON 2: HOW EVOLUTION?? (MICRO-EVOLUTION AND POPULATIONS)
Biology 11 UNIT 1: EVOLUTION LESSON 2: HOW EVOLUTION?? (MICRO-EVOLUTION AND POPULATIONS) Objectives: By the end of the lesson you should be able to: Describe the 2 types of evolution Describe the 5 ways
More informationTEST SUMMARY AND FRAMEWORK TEST SUMMARY
Washington Educator Skills Tests Endorsements (WEST E) TEST SUMMARY AND FRAMEWORK TEST SUMMARY BIOLOGY Copyright 2014 by the Washington Professional Educator Standards Board 1 Washington Educator Skills
More informationFish Conservation and Management
Fish Conservation and Management CONS 486 Life history: Reproduction Ross Chapter 3 Reproduction topics Reproduction Fecundity Life history strategies Reproductive Schedules Semelparity vs iteroparity
More information6 2 Insects and plants
6 2 Insects and plants Insect DIY 1. Find plant habitat 2. Find plant 3. Accept plant 4. Eat survive, reproduce Plant characteristics Shape structure Mechanical defenses trichomes Chemical defenses sap,
More informationStockton Unified School District Instructional Guide for BIOLOGY NGSS Pilot for both 4X4 and Traditional. 1st Quarter
1st Quarter Unit NGSS Standards Required Labs Supporting Text Content Academic Suggested Labs and Activities Biochemistry HS-LS-1-6 Ch. 1 & 2 molecules elements amino acids Carbon-based Carbon Hydrogen
More informationOption D.2 Species and Speciation
Option D.2 Species and Speciation D.2.1 Define allele frequency and gene pool Allele Frequency The frequency of an allele, as a proportion of all alleles of the gene in the population. It is measured on
More informationPerplexing Observations. Today: Thinking About Darwinian Evolution. We owe much of our understanding of EVOLUTION to CHARLES DARWIN.
Today: Thinking About Darwinian Evolution Part 1: Darwin s Theory Perplexing Observations Mystery of the Black Death?? What is evolution?? And what is this finch doing?!? We owe much of our understanding
More informationAP Biology Review Packet 5- Natural Selection and Evolution & Speciation and Phylogeny
AP Biology Review Packet 5- Natural Selection and Evolution & Speciation and Phylogeny 1A1- Natural selection is a major mechanism of evolution. 1A2: Natural selection acts on phenotypic variations in
More informationAP Environmental Science I. Unit 1-2: Biodiversity & Evolution
NOTE/STUDY GUIDE: Unit 1-2, Biodiversity & Evolution AP Environmental Science I, Mr. Doc Miller, M.Ed. North Central High School Name: ID#: NORTH CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL NOTE & STUDY GUIDE AP Environmental
More informationSeed Production Strategies and Progeny Selection in Greater Yam Breeding
Seed Production Strategies and Progeny Selection in Greater Yam Breeding K. Abraham, M. T. Sreekumari and M. N. Sheela Central Tuber Crops Research Institute Trivandrum, India Greater yam a food crop of
More informationPolyploid induction by heat shock-induced meiosis and mitosis inhibition in the dwarf surfclam, Mulinia lateralis Say
Aquaculture 252 (2006) 171 182 www.elsevier.com/locate/aqua-online Polyploid induction by heat shock-induced meiosis and mitosis inhibition in the dwarf surfclam, Mulinia lateralis Say Huiping Yang a,b,
More information