Effects of chronic external ammonia stress on growth, metabolism of juvenile GIFT tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus)

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1 South China Fisheries Science Vol. 11, No. 4 Aug., 2015 doi: / j. issn ,,,,,, (, ) : ( Oreochromis niloticus) 0 mgl - 1 ( ) mg L - 1 ( ) mgl - 1 ( A 2 ) mg L - 1 ( A 3 ) mg L - 1 ( A 4 ) 5, 30 d, ( WGR) ( SGR), ; A 3 A 4 ( SOD) ; 4 A ( AKP), 30 d A 3 A 4 ; A 4 ; ( ALT) A 3 A 4 A 2 ; ( AST) 4,, : ; ; ; ; : S : A : ( 2015) Effects of chronic external ammonia stress on growth, immunity and metabolism of juvenile GIFT tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) XIAO Wei, LI Dayu, XU Yang, ZOU Zhiying, ZHU Jinglin, HAN Jue, YANG Hong ( Key Lab. of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi , China) Abstract: To investigate the effects of chronic external ammonia stress on growth, immunity and metabolism of juvenile GIFT tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus), we designed five concentrations of ammonia, including 0 mgl - 1 ( ), mgl - 1 ( ), mgl - 1 ( A 2 ), mgl - 1 ( A 3 ) and mgl - 1 ( A 4 ). The results show that after 30-day feeding, the juvenilesweight gain rate ( WGR) and specific growth rate ( SGR) decreased significantly with increasing concentration of ammonia. For immunity, the number of white blood cells ( WBC) increased but that of hemoglobin ( HGB) decreased with increasing concentration of ammonia. Serum albumin( ALB) concentration and superoxide dismutase( SOD) activities of A 3 and A 4 were significantly less than, while alkaline phosphatase ( AKP) concentration of A 4 was significantly less than. For metabolization, serum triglycerides( TG) concentration of A 3 and A 4 were significantly less than, while total cholesterol ( TC) concentration of A 4 were significantly less than. Serum alanine transaminase( ALT) activities of A 3 and A 4 were significantly less than and A 2. Meanwhile, only aspartate transaminase ( AST) activities of A 4 was less than. It is revealed that the growth, nonspecific immunity and metabolism of juvenile GIFT tilapia would be inhibited under chronic ammonia stress; change of ammonia concentration in tilapia aquaculture should be paid more attention to. : ; : : ( ) ; ( CARS-49) ; ( 2013 JBFM01 ) ; : ( ),,, xiaow@ ffrc. cn : ( ),, yangh@ ffrc. cn

82 11 Key words: GIFT tilapia; ammonia stress; growth traits; immune function; nutrition and metabolism ( Oreochromis niloticus) 1 ( ICLARM) 4 4 1.

2 82 11 Key words: GIFT tilapia; ammonia stress; growth traits; immune function; nutrition and metabolism ( Oreochromis niloticus) 1 ( ICLARM) ,,, [ 1], 14 d,,, 5% 6%,, 2 ( 07: 00, 17: 00), [ 2], 300 ( ) g, 5 [ 3-4 ], ; 3 20, 150 L, 120 L, [ 5-7 ], 1. 2 ( NH + 4 ) 14 d ( NH 3 ), NH 3, 96 h,, ( 96 h-lc 50 ) mgl - 1,, NH + 4 ( SC) = h-lc 5 0 = mg, L - 1, 5 : [ 8 ], 0 mgl - 1 ( ) mg L - 1 ( ) 3. 25, mgl - 1 ( A 2 ) mg L - 1 ( A 3 ) mgl - 1 [ 11 ], ( A 4 ), 30 d [ 9 ] 10 gl - 1 ( 0 h24 h48 h96 h 120 h) NH 4 Cl, ( SOD), ( ) ph ( AKP) C , 5. 5 ( Streptococcus iniae) ; 6. 0 mgl - 1, 5 NH 3 0 mg [ 1 0] ( O. niloticus O. areus), mgl - 1 ( A 3 ) mgl - 1 ( A 4 ) h12 h24 h48 h72 h ( T-, 2 ( 07: 00, 17: 00), AOC) 30 min,, ( 18: 00), ph 1. 3, 24 h,, 30 d 200 mgl - 1 MS-222,,, 3,, rmin min, L - 1 ( ) mg L - 1 ( ) mgl - 1 ( A 2 ) ( TP) ( ALB)

3 4 : 83 ( GLO) ( ALT) ( AST) ( One-Way ANOVA), Duncan s AKP ( TG) ( TC), 0. 05, ( GLU) ( COR) SOD; EDTA-2K, ( WBC) ( RBC) 2 ( HGB) ( MCHC) BECKMAN COULTER DXC-800 ; 5 BECKMAN COULTER LH750 ( WGR) ( 1), ( SGR) : WGR ( % ) = 100 ( W t - W 0) / W 0 SGR ( % ) = 100 ( lnw t - lnw 0) / t W 0 ( g) ; W t WGR SGR ( g) ; t ( d) 1. 4 ( X SE) 2.1 WGR SGR, A 2 A 3 A 4 3 WGR SGR ( P < 0. 05), SPSS 19. 0,, 1 Tab. 1 Effect of chronic ammonia stress on growth of GIFT tilapia /g /g initial weight final weight / % WGR / %d - 1 SGR : 0 mgl a a a : mgl ab ab ab A 2 : mgl bc bc b A 3 : mgl cd cd bc A 4 : mgl d d c : ( P < 0. 05) ; Note: Different letters within the same column indicate significant difference ( P < 0. 05) ; the same case in the following tables ;, 30 d A 2 A 3 A 4 ( P A 2 A 3 A 4 < ), ( P < 0. 05), % % %,, ( 2) 2 Tab. 2 Effect of chronic ammonia stress on complete blood count of GIFT tilapia ( ) /10 9 L - 1 WBC ( ) 12L /10-1 RBC ( ) / gl - 1 HGB : 0 mgl a a a : mgl a b b A 2 : mgl b b b A 3 : mgl b b b A 4 : mgl b b b / gl - 1 MCHC

84 11 2. 3 AST ( P < 0. 05), A 2 A 3 AST A 4 30 d ( 3) ; A 3 A 4 30 d ( P < 0. 05), ; A 3 A 4 A 2 ; ( P < 0. 05), A 2, A 2 A 3 A 4 ; A 4 ( P < 0. 05), 4 AKP ( P < 0.

4 AST ( P < 0. 05), A 2 A 3 AST A 4 30 d ( 3) ; A 3 A 4 30 d ( P < 0. 05), ; A 3 A 4 A 2 ; ( P < 0. 05), A 2, A 2 A 3 A 4 ; A 4 ( P < 0. 05), 4 AKP ( P < 0. 05), ;, ALT A 2 A 3 ;, A 3 A 4 SOD, A 3 A 4 ( P < 0. 05), A 2 A 2 ( P < 0. 05), ; A 4 SOD ( 4) 3 Tab. 3 Effect of chronic ammonia stress on serum biochemical metabolic indices of GIFT tilapia ( ) / mmol - 1 ( ) /ngl - 1 ( ) /gl - 1 /IUL - 1 / IUL - 1 /IUL - 1 glucose cortisol triglyceride total cholesterol ALT AST : 0 mgl a a ab a : mgl ab b a ab A 2 : mgl a b a ab A 3 : mgl b b b ab A 4 : mgl b b b b 4 Tab. 4 Effect of chronic ammonia stress on part serum immunity indices of GIFT tilapia ( ) / gl - 1 TP ( ) / gl - 1 ALB ( ) / gl - 1 GLO / IUL - 1 / IUmL - 1 AKP SOD : 0 mgl a a a : mgl ab a ab A 2 : mgl abc a a A 3 : mgl bc a b A 4 : mgl c b b 3 NH 3 SC mg NH 3, mgl L - 1 ; WILSON [ 14 ] ( Solea senega- lensis) mgl d, ; FOSS [ 15] ( Scoph- [ 12 ] thalmus maximus) NH A 3 A 4 mgl mgl d, ; PAUST [ 16] 0. 06, mgl mg L mgl NH 3 FOSS [ 13 ] ( Gadus morhua) ( Hippoglossus hippoglos-

4 : 85 sus), 62 d 0. 12 mgl - 1 0. 17 mgl - 1 2, 30 d ( Ca) ( P) [ 23 ], 3. 25 mgl - 1 6. 51 L mg - 1 13. 01 mgl - 1 WGR SGR ; 0 6. 51 mgl - 1 AKP,, 13. 01 mgl - 1 AKP,, AKP 3. 2 30 d 0 6.

5 4 : 85 sus), 62 d mgl mgl - 1 2, 30 d ( Ca) ( P) [ 23 ], mgl L mg mgl - 1 WGR SGR ; mgl - 1 AKP,, mgl - 1 AKP,, AKP d mgl - 1 AKP ( Pelteobagrus fulvidra-, co) [ 24] mgl - 1, mgl - 1 [ 1 7],,, AKP, AKP [ 18 ] 30 d mgl mg L mgl - 1 3, ( P < 0. 05),, % % %,, SOD, [ 2 6] 30 d ( Megalobrama amblycephala) [ 19 ] SOD, mgl mgl - 1 2, mgl - 1 ( P < 0. 05),, SOD,,, [ 20],, 3. 3, 3, 30 d ; mgl [ 9] 30 d mgl mgl - 1 2, mgl ( P < 0. 05), ( Silurus meridionalis Chen) [ 21 ] ( Paralichthys lethostigma) [ 22 ] ( Cherax quadricarinatus) [ 2 7] ( Sepiella main- droni) [ 28] AKP, SOD [ 25 ], SOD SOD mgl - 1 2,

86 11, [ 29-30 ] 4, :,, ALT AST 2,, - -,, [ 31 ] ALT 6. 51 mgl - 1 13. 01 mgl - 1 1. 63 mgl - 1 3. 25 mgl - 1, ; 13. 01 mgl - 1 AST solates[ J]. Aquaculture, 2008, 284( 1) : 35-40.

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South China Fisheries Science , ; 2., g ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), 4,

9 6 2 01 3 1 2 South China Fisheries Science Vol. 9, No. 6 Dec., 2013 doi: 10. 3969/ j. issn. 2095-0780. 2013. 06. 014,,,,, ( 1., 510640; 2., 510640) : 360 2. 48 g ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), 4, 0 ( )