2. 0) g ind cm 20 cm, 40 cm ( ST, m 3 ) cm 30 cm

Transcription

1 PERIODICAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA 39 (3) : May, 2009 Ξ, ΞΞ,,,,, (, ) : ( A postichopus japonicus, Selenka), 5 ( 5. 0 g 2. 0 g),,5 11 ;, ;, ;,, 5 : ; ; ; : S : A : (2009) ,,, ( A posti2 chopus japonicus, Selenka) [124 ] 3 : [526 ], [1 ], [7 ],,, [1,8 ], ( ), [1,5 ],,, , 1. 8 m, 3 hm 2,20, 8 ( W ) 8 ( L ) 2 ( H) 0. 5 cm,4 30 cm, 8 m , 205 d 5 20, 4 10 ind m - 2, ( ) g ind ( 1) 3 30 cm 20 cm 20 cm, 40 cm ( ST, m 3 ) 3 40 cm 35 cm, 2 1, 40 cm ( EA, m 3 ) 4 40 cm 15 cm 2 1, 40 cm (PL, m 3 ) 40 cm, 30 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm (BR, m 3 ) cm 30 cm,30 cm(cp, m 3 ), Ξ ΞΞ : (2006BAD09A01,2006BAD09A06) ; (2006AA10Z409) : ;: : (19782),,, E2mail : com : Tel : ; Fax : ; E2mail ouc. edu. cn

2 3, : Fig. 1 Shelter and earthen pond ( EA : ; PL : ;BR : ;ST : ;CP : ; Pond : ST, EA, PL, BR and CP represent stone shelter, earthenware shelter, plastic shelter, brick shelter and cement pipe shelter respectively ; Pond : earthen pond and net enclosure) d,,,, 30 % 50 % A pos2 tichopus japonicus, Selenka 5. 0 g 2. 0 g, ind m - 2, Purcell and Kir2 by [8 ] 09 :30 17 :30,,, 0. 1 g d 1 07 :00 13 :00 17 :00,250 ml, 3,, 1 g 9 ml, , ml, h, 0. 1 ml [9 ] ( S r) ( W t ) ( M dw g) :, S r ( %) = 100 N f N i, N f N i : W f (g) = Tw N f, N f,, Tw : M dw g (g/ d) = w f - w i, w i :, t t : (days) : S GR = 100 (ln W t - ln W 0) t S GR ( % d - 1 ) ; W 0 ; W t t, t (S. D. ) SPSS15. 0 for windows ( SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL), P < Duncan, T,,, 1 20 ( ),3 1 5,, ( 2S),, TN ( mg/ L) N H 4 2N (60 80 g/ L) DO ( mg/ L),

3 Fig. 2 The changes of water temperature and salinity during culture period ( T : Temperature ; S : Salinity) ,, ( P < 0. 05),BR,PL 5 11, EA BR,ST PL d ( W f ) ( M dw g) ( S GR) ( Pro2 duction), ( S r) 40 % 60 % ( 1) ( W f ) ( S r) ( M dw g) ( S GR ) ( Production ) ( P < 0. 05) ST, EA 3 Fig. 3 Heterophic bacteria in different shelters (ST,EA,PL,BR CP ST, EA, PL, BR and CP repre2 sent stone shelter, earthenware shelter, plastic shelter, brick shelter and cement pipe shelter, respectively) 1 Table 1 Growth performance of sea cucumber in the whole culture period Shelter type W f / g S r M dw g/ g d - 1 S GR WT / % d - 1 S GR SP / % d - 1 S GR Total / % d - 1 Yield/ g m - 2 ST EA PL BR CP b a b a a b a a c a a b a b b b b a a,b b b a b a b a,b a a b b b a a,b b b : 4 ( S. D. ),( P > 0. 05) Note : Data are means( S. D. ) of four replicate cages. Values in the same row having the same superscript are not significantly different ( P > 0. 05)

4 3, : 395 ( F 4 = , P < 0. 05) EA BR W f ( F 4 = , P < 0. 05) S GR ( F 4 = , P < 0. 05) M dw g ( F 4 = , P < 0. 05), ST PL CL,( F 4 = , P < 0. 05),BR ;, ( F 4 = , P > 0. 05), EA, ST BR ( F 4 = , P < 0. 05) 3 [1,7,10214 ], [1,15 ] Sloan Bodungen [7 ] ( Isostichopus badionot us), [1,5 ], [16 ], ( 3) ;BR, ( 3, 1) 5 ( 3),, [12214 ], ( Cherax dest ructor) [17 ], ( Pan2 uli rus Cygnus) [18220 ] ( 1),,,, ST,, ;,,,, : > > > > ;, : > = = >,,,,,, : [ 1 ] Chen J. Present status and prospects of sea cucumber industry in china [ M ]. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 2004 : 26. [2 ] Chen J X. Brief introduction to mariculture of live selected species in china [ M ]. Bankok, Thailand, National Inland Fisheries Institute, National Inland Fisheries Institute, Kasetsart University Campus, 1990 : 16. [3 ],,, [J ]. :, 2008, 38 (5) : [4 ],,. [J ]. :, 2007, 37 (4) : [ 5 ] Chen J. Overview of sea cucumber farming and sea ranching practices in china [J ]. Beche2de2mer Information 18 Bulletin, 2003, 18 : [ 6 ] Jia J S, Chen J X. Sea farming and sea ranching in china [ M ]. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No Rome, 2001 : [ 7 ] Sloan N A, Bodungen B v. Distribution and feeding of the sea cucum2 ber isostichopus badionotus in relation to shelter and sediment criteria of the bermuda platform [J ]. Mar Ecol, Prog Ser, 1980, 22 : [ 8 ] Purcell S W, Kirby D S. Restocking the sea cucumber holothuria scabra : Sizing no2take zones through individual2based movement modelling [J ]. Fisheries Research, 2006, 80 : [9 ] Al2Harbi A H, Uddin N. Bacterial diversit y of tilapia ( oreochromis niloticus) cultured in brackish water in saudi arabia [J ]. Aquaculture, 2005, 250 : [ 10 ] Asha P S, Muthiah P. Effects of single and combined microalgae on larval growth, development and survival of the commercial sea cu2 cumber holothuria spinifera theel [J ]. Aquaculture Research, 2006, 37 (2) : [ 11 ] Michio K, Kengo K, Yasunori K, et al. Effects of deposit feeder stichopus japonicus on algal bloom and organic matter contents of bottom sediments of the enclosed sea [J ]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2003, 47 : [12 ] Uthicke S, Karez R. Sediment patch selectivity in tropical sea cu2 cumbers ( holothurioidea : Aspidochirotida) analysed with multiple choice experiments [J ]. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol, 1999, 236 : [ 13 ] Shiell G R, Knott B. Diurnal observations of sheltering behaviour in the coral reef sea cucumber holothuria w hit maei [J ]. Fisheries Re2 search, 2008, 91 (1) : [14 ] Singh R, MacDonald B A, Thomas M L H, et al. Patterns of sea2 sonal and tidal feeding activity in the dendrochirote sea cucumber cu2 cumaria frondosa ( echinodermata : Holothuroidea ) in the bay of fundy, canada [J ]. Mar Ecol, Prog Ser, 1999, 187 : [ 15 ] Ambrose R F, Anderson T W. Influence of an artificial reef on the

5 surrounding infaunal community [J ]. Marine Biology, 1990, 107 (1) : [ 16 ] Guilbeau B P, Harry F P, Gambrell R P, et al. Algae attachment on carbonated cements in fresh and brackish waters2preliminary results [J ]. Ecological Engineering, 2003, 20 (4) : [ 17 ] Verhoef G D, Austin C M. Combined effects of shelter and density on the growth and survival of juveniles of the australian freshwater crayfish, cherax destructor clark, : Part 2 [J ]. Aquaculture, 1999, 170 (1) : [ 18 ] Johnston D, Melville2Smith R, Hendriks B, et al. Stocking density and shelter type for the optimal growth and survival of western rock lobster panulirus cygnus ( george) [J ]. Aquaculture, 2006, 260 : [ 19 ] Johnston D, Melville2Smith R, Hendriks B, et al. Growth rates and survival of western rock lobster (panulirus cygnus) at two tempera2 tures (ambient and 23 ) and two feeding frequencies [J ]. Aqua2 culture, 2008, 279 (124) : [ 20 ] Abgrall P, Rangeley R W, Burridge L E, et al. Sublethal effects of azamethiphos on shelter use by juvenile lobsters ( homarus ameri2 canus) [J ]. Aquaculture, 2000, 181 (122) : Effects of Shelter Type on the Growth and Survival Rate of Sea Cucumber, Apo stichopus japonicus Selenka, in Earthen Pond Q IN Chuan2Xin, DON G Shuang2Lin, N IU Yu2Feng, TIAN Xiang2Li, WAN G Fang, GAO Qin2Feng, DON G Yun2Wei ( The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao , China) Abstract : Shelters are a type of farming equipment especially used in sea cucumber pond and sea ranching. They can provide shelter and culture natural food for sea cucumber. The study was conducted in twenty 8 m ( L ) 8 m ( W ) 2 m ( H) net enclosures to investigate the optimal shelter through measuring the growth, sur2 vivalship and yields of sea cucumber ( A postichopus japonicus Selenka) with an initial size of ( ) g for different shelter types of stone (ST), cement pipe (CP), earthenware ( EA), brick (BR), and plastic pipe ( PL) from 20th May 2007 to 20th April The results showed : the numbers of bacteria on the shelters were dif2 ferent significantly among shelter types and higher in Nov t han in May The highest survival rate of sea cucumber was gained in ST where sea cucumber growth rate was slow. Sea cucumber grow fastest in BR where, however, the survival rate was lower than in ST. The yields of sea cucumber in BR and ST were signif2 icantly higher than in the other shelters where there was no significantly difference in yield. Based on the re2 sults obtained in the present study, it could be concluded that BR shelter was the best one for sea cucumber cul2 ture among the popular 5 shelter types. Key words : sea cucumber ( A postichopus japonicus) Selenka ; shelter ; survival rate ; growt h